moving forward with fertilizer management: the carrot...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Moving Forward with Fertilizer
Management:
The Carrot or the Stick?
Rob Mikkelsen/Rob Norton
Director, Western North America
Director, Australia & New Zealand
![Page 3: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Californian Challenge
![Page 4: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
0
10
20
30
Cash Receipts for Farm Marketing (2009)($
, b
illio
ns)
Gross Farm gate value for Australia $41.8 billion (NFF)
![Page 5: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Merced
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
Crop Production Value (Millions) Commodity Value US $M
Grapes (all) 2,937
Almonds (shelled) 2343
Nursery Products 2,273
Alfalfa and other hay 1797
Lettuce (all) 1,580
Strawberries 1,578
Tomatoes (all) 1,317
Rice 1,183
Flowers/foliage 1,015
Broccoli 663
Oranges 608
Pistachio 569
Walnuts 558
Carrots 517
Lemons 473
Celery 354
Central Valley
Sacramento Valley
San Joaquin Valley
Salinas Valley
Sierra
Nevadas
![Page 7: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ja
n.
Feb
.
Ma
r.
Ap
r.
Ma
y
Ju
ne
Ju
ly
Au
g.
Sep
t.
Oct.
No
v.
Dec.
Month
Mea
n p
reci
pit
ati
on
(m
m)
Annual average precipitation ≈ 350 cm (14 inches)T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 9: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2 - 3 crops per year …
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 10: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 12: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Salinas Valley
![Page 13: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
141
96
0
19
70
19
76
19
78
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
Mil
lio
n m
etr
ic t
on
ne
sU.S. Fertilizer N Consumption
Source: AAPFCO Commercial Fertilizer Reports
![Page 14: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nitrogen in the Environment:
Sources, Problems and ManagementKitchen and Goulding (2001)
• “ nitrogen use efficiency …rarely exceeds 70% ……. often ranges from 30-60%”
• “conversion of N inputs to products for arable crops can be 60-70% or even more”
U.S. EPA SAB Integrated N Committee report on reactive N
(May 28, 2010 DRAFT): “… finds that crop N-uptake efficiencies
can be increased by up to 25% over current practices through a
combination of knowledge-based practices and advances in fertilizer
technology (such as controlled release and inhibition of nitrification).”
![Page 15: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Nitrogen Balance in the U.S., 1987-2007
IPNI
Preliminary
NuGIS,
2010
PPI, 2002
Technical
Bulletin
![Page 16: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Source: Fixen – 17th AFA Annual Forum and Exhibition, March, 2011. Cairo, Egypt
Some countries historically challenged with high N balances
![Page 17: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NuGIS Watershed N Balance-1987
![Page 18: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NuGIS Watershed N Balance-1992
![Page 19: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
NuGIS Watershed N Balance-1997
![Page 20: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
NuGIS Watershed N Balance-2002
![Page 21: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
NuGIS Watershed N Balance-2007
![Page 22: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Partial N balance (lb N/A)
(N inputs – removal)
![Page 23: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What’s the impact?
• Economics
• Environmental impacts
– Nitrate in drinking water
– Eutrophication & hypoxia
– Biodiversity loss
– Smog and PM2.5 from ammonia emission
– Ozone depletion – N2O
– Greenhouse gases – N2O and CO2
![Page 24: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
California’s Climate Change Policy(AB 32 Global Warming Solutions Act)
Caps GHG emissions
• 1990 levels by 2020
• 80% below 1990 by 2050
Multi-sector market-based program to start in 2012
Mandatory reporting for largest sectors
Little understanding to agriculture so far… emerging discussion
60% of N2O and 55% of CH4 are from agriculture
![Page 25: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Draft from: UC Davis Ag Sustainability Institute
62% of N2O
emissions (&
N applied)
from 6 crops
![Page 27: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Key is to
Limit Potential
“Surplus N”
Van Groenigen et al. 2010. Europ. J. Soil Sci.
“ … agricultural
management
practices to reduce
N2O emissions
should focus on
optimizing fertilizer-N
use efficiency under
median rates of N
input, rather than on
minimizing N
application rates.”
![Page 28: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 40 80 120 160
1
3
5
7
Days After Planting
N A
ccum
ulatio
n R
ate, kg/h
a/day
Tota
l N A
ccu
mu
lati
on
, kg
/ha
Total NAccumulationN Accumulation
Rate
Nitrogen
Matching supply and demand
• Crop type
• Temperature (=growth)
• Root depth
• Soil Texture
• Enhanced efficiency fertilizers
• Utilize non-fertilizer N
• Water management
• Etc.
• Etc.
![Page 29: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Salinas
Santa Maria
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
Salinas/Santa Maria surface water quality :Mean of monthly sampling of 10 monitoring sites, 2005
Water quality
parameter
Measurement
unit
Mean
value
NO3-N mg liter-1 46
U.S. drinking water
standard is 10 mg
liter-1 NO3-N
![Page 30: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Well > 20 mg L-1 NO3-N
Groundwater at risk
Salinas Valley irrigation well quality :
![Page 31: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
In California, farm water discharge requires :
a permit, or
a waiver
„Conditional‟ waivers granted in 2004
Requirements :
Complete water quality training
Prepare a farm water quality plan
Participate in a regional water quality
monitoring program
![Page 32: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
15-hour water quality short course :
Step by step training to :
• Identify potential water quality problems
• Present potential management practice options
- fertilization
- irrigation
- conservation practices
• Evaluate effectiveness of practices
• Produce written farm water quality plan
Between 2005-07 more than 2,000 people completed the course
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 33: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Management practice
% of acres on which
practice was
implemented
Crop nutrient budget used 80
Soil residual nitrate tested and
factored into fertilizer decisions
84
Nitrate content of the irrigation
water factored into fertilizer
decisions
81
Irrigation system optimized for soil
water infiltration rate
87
December, 2006 survey of vegetable growers :
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 34: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
decreasing unchanged increasing
Surface water nitrate trend
% o
f m
on
ito
rin
g s
ite
sSurface water NO3-N trend analysis, 2005-2009 :
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
Are we making progress in water quality ?
![Page 36: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
2004 2005 2006 2007
N fe
rtiliz
er
sa
les
(me
tric
T)
Year
Nitrogen fertilizer sales in Monterey County :
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
Are we making progress in water quality ?
![Page 37: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Authority to regulate water quality :
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
California Water Resources Control Board
Regional Water Resources Control Board
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 39: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
59. The purpose of the nutrient management element of the Farm Plan is to eliminate or minimize nutrient discharges to groundwater and surface
water to meet water quality standards using best practicable treatment or control, and to assure compliance with this Order. The nutrient
management element of the Farm Plan must be certified by appropriate professional certification, such as Certified
Crop Advisor to be protective of water quality…
60. The nutrient management element of the Farm Plan must include…
a. Average total crop nutrient demand and method(s) of determination per crop;
b. Average total water demand per crop and total water applied per crop;
c. Monthly record of fertilizer applications per crop, including fertilizer type and quantity applied (including but not
limited to fertilizers, compost, manure, and humic acids);
d. Nitrate concentration of irrigation source water;
e. Timing of fertilizer application to maximize crop uptake,
f. Estimation of the amount of fertilizer applied in excess of crop needs,
g. Estimation of excess or residual fertilizer/nutrients in the root zone at the end of the crop growing season;
h. Identification of planned nutrient management practices (such as irrigation efficiency, nutrient budgeting, and
nutrient trapping) to eliminate or minimize nutrients in irrigation runoff or percolation to groundwater;
i. Identification of planned management practices related to fertilizer handling, storage, disposal, and mgnt
![Page 40: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
New requirements: Tiers on farm size, location, herbicides, crops grown
such as beet, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, celery,
chinese cabbage, collard, endive, kale, leek, lettuce,
mustard, onion, parsley, pepper, spinach and strawberry
fertilizer use reporting
farm-wide nutrient budget estimation
on-farm monitoring and reporting of NO3-N concentration
in surface runoff and root zone leachate
compliance dates to meet NO3-N standards
- 2015 for surface runoff
- 2021 for leachate
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 41: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
kg N / ha
uptake
removal in
harvest
Processing tomato 240-280 160-180
Celery 190-220 120-150
Cantaloupe 150-180 70-90
Lettuce 110-140 60-80
Spinach 80-100 70-90
Develop a general N fertilization template for each crop,
• modify it based on field-specific factors
Account for all N inputs and outputs
Understand crop N requirements :
![Page 42: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Certified Crop Advisors
![Page 43: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 45: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
the reliable solution is to eliminate tailwater …
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 49: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Nitrogen loading to the environment
Basic principle :
Fertilizer N applied but not removed in harvested products are
at risk of leaving the field in surface water or groundwater
Therefore, water quality protection requires proportionality between
N application and harvest removal
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 50: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 51: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Can a 10 PPM NO3-N standard consistently be met ?
For surface water:
irrigation runoff NO3-N mirrors irrigation water NO3-N
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 52: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Can a 10 PPM NO3-N standard consistently be met ?
For surface water:
will conservation practices have any impact on NO3-N?
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 53: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Can a 10 PPM NO3-N standard consistently be met ?
For surface water:
10 PPM NO3-N is still „biostimulatory‟
T.K. Hartz, UC Davis
![Page 54: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Water quality regulation has the potential to disrupt nutrient
management practices, to compromise yields, and potentially
to drive land use decisions …
![Page 55: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Importance of nutrient stewardship
• Manage or be managed
• Regulations on nutrient management
– Reef Regulations on sugar industry in the wet tropics
– Use of soluble P fertilizers on the Swan coastal plain.
– Fertilizer management in the Mississippi Basin
– Regulations on N use on particular dairy pastures in New Zealand.
• Industry BMP’s aim to describe, educate and then benchmark nutrient management.
![Page 56: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Barriers to making these things work
• Tradition, Reliability, Cost, Complexity
• Agronomic education of growers – who pays?
• Professional work force in Agriculture?
• Not a simple business transaction.
• Technology moves faster than our capacity to adopt it.
• Everybody in the supply chain needs to make $.
• Who will do the research – highly applied
• Government mixed message and consistencyGH Regs -Methane from dairies to be regulated encourage methane
digesters
Air Resources Board: Prohibit methane combustion from bioenergy without
NOx scrubbing
![Page 57: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
IPNICommitted to sustainable nutrient management• Right source, right rate, right time, and right place is a simple
slogan that integrates a century of science and experience into nutrient stewardship.
• Who decides what is right? Who decides the best application, best method of placement, or best nutrient source?
– There is no right answer … right must be site-specific, dictated not only by soil and environmental conditions, but by social and environmental concerns and objectives.
• Research backstops the principles of 4Rs with science, but the stakeholders decide what is right.
![Page 58: Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot …anz.ipni.net/ipniweb/region/anz.nsf/0... · Moving Forward with Fertilizer Management: The Carrot or the ... Multi-sector](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022522/5b30b8547f8b9ae16e8e7614/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Better Crops, Better Environment … through Science
http://www.ipni.net
http://anz.ipni.net