cultivation of carrot
TRANSCRIPT
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Ningappa Kirasur2014-12-129Dept. of OlericultureCOH, Vellanikkara
Production technology of carrot
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CARROT
Daucus carrot
Umbelliferae
Afghanistan
2n=18
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Uses
o Used for stomach ulcers, bladder, liver and kidney
problems and even as aphrodisiacs
o Cultivation of roots for consumption
o When purple root types were grown in the area
currently known as Afghanistan
o A sweet preparation called “Gajar halwa”
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Contd…
o Carrots are the major single source of Vitamin A
and carotene
o They are also a good source of other vitamins,
minerals and fibre
o Grown commercially as an annual herb for its
large storage root produced during the first year
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Soil and climate
o Carrot is a cool season crop
o To develop a good colour when grown at 15°C to
20°C
o Crop needs deep loose loamy soil
o It requires a pH ranged from 6 to 7 for ideal growth
o Optimum temperature 18-22C for root formation
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Season
o Plains : Aug. - Sept.
o Hills : Jul. - Feb.
o Seed rate : 4-5 kg/ha
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Land preparation
o Ploughing and harrowing the field to make a fine tilth
o Raised beds were formed with 1m width, 10-15cm
height and convenient length or making ridges and
furrows at 30 cm spacing
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Ridges and furrows making
Contd…
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Carrot grown on raised beds
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Varieties
Asiatic types:
Pusa Kesar:
o The roots are scarlet in color
o Rich in carotene, suitable for early sowing
o Takes 80-90 days from sowing to root formation
Pusa Meghali:
o Long orange colored roots
o Capable of seed setting in plains
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European types:
Nantes half long:
o orange scarlet coloured roots
o Flesh is sweet with good flavor
o It takes 110-120days for root formation
Chanteny:
o excellent cultivar for canning and storage
o Roots 10-15cm long, tapering with blunt end
o Cortex is deep orange colored
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Contd…
Danvers:
o A mid-season cultivar suited for fresh market and processing
o Deep orange cortex and yellow core
Pusa Yamadagni:
o Long orange roots with self coloured core
o Slightly tapering with stumpy
o Earlier than Nantes
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sowing
o Mark the rows with spacing of 25 - 30 cm apart
o Sown the seeds mixed with sand (1 part of seed with
4 parts of sand)
o Should not be sown the seeds more than 1cm deep
Spacing: 30 cm × 10 cm
Thinning: Is done at 10cm between plants
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Manuring
o FYM 30 t/ha
o NPK 40-50: 40-50: 80-100 kg/ha , Half dose of N and
full dose of P2O5 & K2O applied as basal dose
o Remaining half dose of N applied 30-35days after
sowing
o Apply ZnSO4 at 25 kg /ha as basal
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After cultivation
o Spraying of Fluchloralin at 1 lit./ha immediately after
sowing
o The first weeding is to be done on 15 days after
sowing
o Thinning and earthing up should be done on 30th day
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Irrigation
Irrigation is done once in a week
Based on soil and climatic conditions
Frequent irrigation encourage the growth of main
root
Prevents secondary root formation
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Harvesting
o Harvest at correct maturity
o Delayed harvesting may leads to splitting of roots
o A roots attain marketable stage with 2-4cm diameter
at upper end
o Light irrigation has to be given before harvesting
o Easily pulling of roots without any damages
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Contd…
o Cut the foliage and wash the roots in water to
remove adhered soil
o Before shipping to market or cold storage
Yield:
o 25 - 30 t/ha in 100 - 120 days
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Mechanical harvesting of carrot
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Manual harvesting of carrot
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storage
o Under room temperature carrot
o Roots can be stored for 2-3 days
o In cold storage at 0-4.4 0C with 93-98% RH
o Roots can be stored up to 6 months
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Physiological disorder
Root Splitting :
o Is a physiological disorder which is usually seen
o Sudden increase in soil moisture after prolonged
drought
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Forking
o The hard soil does not allow the growth of tap root
o Resulting in formation of forked roots and
o Split roots fetch poor price in market
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Cavity spot
o Occurs due to calcium deficiency
o It appears as a cavity in the cortex
o Later the subtending epidermis collapsed
o To form a pitted lesion
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Pest incidence
Root knot nematode: Meloidgyne incognitaSymptoms:
o Yellowing of foliage
o Appearance of knots on roots
o Rotting of roots
Nematode infestation
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Management
o Crop rotation
o Soil solarisation during summer season
o Select nematode-free planting material for cultivation
o Soil application with carbofuron granules
o Grow tolerant or resistant varieties
o Marigold grown as trap cop
o Apply neem cake 1.0 t/ha
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