mountain birdwatch phase 2: monitoring high-elevation birds in the atlantic northern forest
DESCRIPTION
The expansion of Mountain Birdwatch, a citizen science program that monitors high-elevation songbirds in the Northeast, to include more species and more robust monitoring techniques.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring high-elevation birds in
the Atlantic Northern Forest
Julie Hart & Dan Lambert
Sugarloaf Mountain, NH
![Page 2: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
NH-ME BBS routes
Why high-elevation birds?
![Page 3: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bicknell’s Thrush
• Endemic • Habitat specialist • Restricted range • Small population • Uncertain status • Conservation priority
= Vulnerable
![Page 4: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Past Limitations • Count protocols vary • Limited statistical inference • Detectability issues • Occupancy estimates • Unable to estimate population size,
assess limiting factors, or adequately model metapopulations
• Grumpy editors
![Page 5: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mountain Birdwatch II • VISION: Create a unified program
that spans the entire breeding range of Bicknell’s Thrush
• Organizations involved: – Vermont Center for Ecostudies – Bird Studies Canada – Canadian Wildlife Service – White Mountain National Forest
![Page 6: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Addressing the Challenge
• 2006 – NECBM Mountain Bird Group • 2007 – International Bicknell’s Thrush
Conservation Group • 2008 – Develop protocol and SOPs • 2009 – Begin regional coordination • 2010 – Export model to Newfoundland
and Appalachian Mountain BCR
www.bicknellsthrush.org
![Page 7: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Project Goals
1. Measure changes in distribution and abundance with an emphasis on SGCN.
2. Investigate the relationship between breeding ground population status of BITH and winter habitat availability.
3. Produce tools and data to guide stewardship and conservation.
![Page 8: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Project Goals (cont.)
• Estimate BITH population size • Investigate the influence of:
– Habitat – Climate – Red squirrel / cone mast dynamics – Hg exposure – Calcium availability – Forestry practices
![Page 9: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Spatially Balanced Sampling • GRTS Survey Design
– BITH habitat model – Trails and roads
• Cost Surface Layer – Effort as distance nearest road
• Flexible – add new sites over time – intensify sampling within pre-defined strata
![Page 10: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Spatially Balanced Sampling • GRTS Survey Design
– BITH habitat model – Trails and roads
• Cost Surface Layer – Effort as distance nearest road
• Flexible – add new sites over time – intensify sampling within pre-defined strata
![Page 11: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Optimal Point Count Method
• Trained volunteers and technicians survey once a year during 3-week window in June
• Surveys begin 30 min before sunrise • Target 10 focal species plus Red
Squirrel
![Page 12: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Target Species SPECIES RATIONALE YBFL NF indicator species BCCH Niche overlap with BOCH BOCH NF indicator species WIWR Abundant, easy to identify BITH Top conservation priority, specialist SWTH Niche overlap with BITH HETH Niche overlap with SWTH BLPW NF indicator species WTSP Abundant, easy to identify, BBS decline FOSP Priority for Canada RESQ Main predator of BITH nests & chicks
![Page 13: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
5 minutes 5 minutes 5 minutes 5 minutes
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Two Pilot Protocols
Time of detection in 1-min intervals for BITH
simultaneous with
Repeated simple counts for all focal species
Repeated p/a for all focal species
OR
5 minutes 5 minutes 5 minutes 5 minutes
![Page 14: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pilot Results • 519 points surveyed
– 437 using simple counts – 82 using presence/absence – 144 BITH in first 10 minutes
• Volunteer feedback – 20 min long time – Hard to estimate distance by sound – Most would continue with MBW
• Team of statisticians running variance estimates using occupancy, time-of-detection, n-mixture models, and distance estimation
![Page 15: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Data management • Georeferenced database • Standardized fields aligned to AKN • AKN archive • Opportunity to analyze and
visualize using AKN applications • Metadata documented through
BMDE
![Page 16: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tools for Conservation
• Public access to data and visualizations via AKN
![Page 17: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tools for Conservation
![Page 18: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Tools for Conservation
• Public access to data and visualizations via AKN
• Wind farm siting assessment
![Page 19: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Of highest wind potential areas, only 5.4% is in BITH habitat
• Of all potential BITH habitat, 84% falls within the highest wind potential category
VT Wind Resource Map from NREL 2007
Wind Farm Siting
![Page 20: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Tools for Conservation
• Public access to data and visualizations via AKN
• Wind farm siting assessment • Range-wide analysis of preferred
habitat characteristics
![Page 21: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Climate and Habitat Covariates • Elevation • Slope • Aspect • Topographical index • Surficial geology • Latitude/longitude • Mean daily temperature • Mean night-time
temperature • Mean precipitation
• Canopy/subcanopy characteristics
• Stem density • Basal area by class • Foliar calcium • Mercury exposure • Cone mast • Red Squirrel
abundance • Wind power potential • Patch size • Patch composition • Isolation
![Page 22: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Tools for Conservation
• Public access to data and visualizations via AKN
• Wind farm siting assessment • Range-wide analysis of preferred
habitat characteristics
• Assess habitat restoration in Hispaniola
![Page 23: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Winter Habitat Restoration • Restore historical broadleaf forest in
the Dominican Republic • Improve enforcement of protected
areas • Correlate the extent of forest in
Hispaniola with abundance of Bicknell’s Thrush on breeding range
![Page 24: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Winter Habitat Restoration
Population Size: Our Vision20
08
2012
2016
2020
2024
2028
2032
2036
2040
2044
2048
2052
2056
2060
![Page 25: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Meeting Citizen Science Challenges
• Generate matching funds
• Balance quantity with quality of info • Observer effects • Large geographic
scope • Sustaining interest
• Recruiting and training
![Page 26: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Next Steps
![Page 27: Mountain Birdwatch Phase 2: Monitoring High-elevation birds in the Atlantic Northern Forest](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060111/556907d9d8b42ac1628b4a90/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Acknowledgements
A special thanks to Mountain Birdwatch volunteers