motivational skills

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Organisational behaviour

A presentation on

Personality Development

SUBMITTED BY :Manisha Uttam

Punam Kumari

Shweta Yadav

Sonakshi Kochhar



What is

personality?

The overall profile or combination of characteristics that capture the unique nature of a person as that person reactsand interacts with others. It Combines a set of physical andmental characteristics that reflect how a person looks, thinks,acts, and feels. Predictable relationships are expected betweenpeople’s personalities and their behaviors.

GORDON ALLPORT defines Personality as“ the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysicalsystems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment ”



• Personality is the sum total of ways in which individualreacts to and interacts with others. It will mean howpeople affect other and how they understand and viewthemselves, as well as their pattern of inner and outer

measurable traits and the person situation interaction.• How people will affect others depends on external

appearance (height, weight, facial features, color andother physical factors) and traits.



Characteristics of

personality

• Consistency - There is generally a recognizable order andregularity to behaviors. Essentially, people act in the sameways or similar ways in a variety of situations.

•

Psychological and physiological - Personality is a psychologicalconstruct, but research suggests that it is also influenced bybiological processes and needs.



• It impacts behaviors and actions - Personality doesnot just influence how we move and respond in our environment; it also causes us to act in certain ways.

• Multiple expressions - Personality is displayed in morethan just behavior. It can also be seen in our thoughts,feelings, close relationships and other socialinteractions.



IMPORTANCE OF PERSONALITY IN

ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR

Law of Behavior: “People are different” To ensure high performing employees in an organization.

To manage workforce diversity. Summarizing person’s behaviors & attitudes in relation toa wide range of events.

Personality consists of characteristics or traits that describe how people are likely to behave in a givensituation.

Personality is useful in predicting & understanding the general feelings, thoughts and behaviors of individuals at the workplace.

Contribution of various personality theories.



Personality

Determinants

Determinants of Personality

Heredity Environment

Situational



.Heredity : Heredity refers to thosefactors that were determined at conception. Physical structure, facial

attractiveness, gender, temperament,muscle composition and reflexes, energylevel, and biological rhythms arecharacteristics that are generallyconsidered to be either completely or substantially influenced by who your

parents were, that is by their biological,physiological and inherent psychologicalmake up.

Environment : The environmentalfactors that exert pressures on our personality formation are the culture inwhich we are raised, our earlyconditioning, the norms among our family, friends and social groups, andother influences that we experience.



The environment to which we

are exposed plays a substantialrole in shaping our personalities.

Situation : A third factor, thesituation, influences the effectsof heredity and environment on

personality. An individual’spersonality although generallystable and consistent, doeschange in different situations.The varying demand of different situation calls forth different

aspects of one’s personality. Weshould not therefore look uponpersonality patterns in isolation.



PERSONALITY

TRAITS Enduring characteristicsthat describe anindividual’s behavior arecalled Personality Traits.

Myers-Briggs TypeIndicators(MBTI)

The Big Five Model

Personality Types

• Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)

• Sensitive vs. Intuitive (S or N)

• Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)

• Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)



Myers-Briggs Type Indicators(MBTI) :

It is the most widely used personality assessment instrument in world.

It’s a 100-question personality test that asks people how they feel or act in particular situation. On the basis of answer, individual areclassified as Extroverted vs. Introverted• Extroverted individuals are outgoing, sociable, and assertive.

Introverts are quiet and shy. Sensitive vs. Intuitive• Sensing types are practical and prefer routine and order. They

focus on details. Intuitive rely on unconscious processes and look at the “big picture”.

Thinking vs. Feeling

• Thinking types uses reason and logic to handle problems. Feelingstypes rely on their personal values and emotions.

Judging vs. Perceiving• Judging types want control, and prefer their world to be ordered

and structured. Perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous.



The classification together describe 16 personalitytraits.



MBTI is widely in practice by organizations like Apple computers,Citigroup, Tata motor, many hospitals and educational institution anddefense services.One problem of MBTI is that it forces a person into either one type or other. There is no in-between, though people can be both introvert andextrovert to some degree. Thus, MBTI is best tool for Self-awarenessand providing career guidance.

The Big Five Personality Model-

A personality assessment model that taps five basic dimensions.

EXTRAVERSION- Capturesone’s comfort level in

relationships

AGREEABLENESS- refer toan individual propensity to

defer to others

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS-It measure of reliability

EMOTIONAL STABILITY-taps a person’s ability to

withstand stress

OPENNESS TOEXPERIENCE- Addressesone’s range of interests andfascinations with novelty



The Big Five model

Emotional Stability

Extraversion

Openness

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

• Calm/Anxious• Secure/Insecure

• Sociable/Retiring

• Fun Loving/Sober • Imaginative/Practical• Independent/Conforming

• Soft-Hearted/Ruthless• Trusting/Suspicious

• Organized/Disorganized• Careful/Careless



EMOTIONAL

STABILITY

•Less negative thinking and fewer

negative emotions

•Less hyper-vigilant

•Higher job and life satisfaction

•Lower stress level

OPENNESS

EXTRAVERSION•Better interpersonal skills

•Greater social dominance

•More emotionally expressive

•Higher performance

•Enhanced leadership

•Higher job satisfaction

•Training performance•Enhanced leadership

•More adaptable to change

•Increased learning•More creative

•More flexible & autonomous

•Greater effort and persistence

•More derive and discipline

•Better organized & planning

•Better liked

•More compliant and conforming


•Enhanced leadership

•Greater longevity


•Lower level of deviant

behaviorAGREEABLENESS

CONSCIENTIOUSN

ESS

BIG FIVE TRAITS WHY IT IS RELEVANT? WHAT DOES IT

AFFECT?

MODEL OF HOW BIG FIVE TRAITS INFLUENCE OB CRITERIA



TRAITS FOR

DEVELOPING POSITIVE

PERSONALITY

1. Accept Responsibility :

“Responsibility gravitates to the person who can shoulder them.” -- Elbert Hubbard

2. Show consideration :

Show consideration, courtesy, politeness and caring.

3. Think Win-Win : Win-Win philosophy is the ultimate way to success in thecollaborative and networked world. One who master that art can achieve greatly.



4. Choose your words carefully: The principle is your speaking must be better than silent, rather be silent.Words spoken out of bitterness can cause irreparable damage. The way the

parents speak to their children in many instances shapes their children’sdestiny.

5. Never Criticize, Complain and Condemn: Constructive criticism is aterminology used to conceal one's own cynicism. Afterall the limit of constructiveness of constructive criticism vary from person to person. wesometime misjudge this limit and many times cross the limit which is

detrimental.

6. Smile and Be Kind :

Smile is the shortest distance between two people.

7. Put Positive interpretation on other people’s behavior:

We see the world not as it is, but as we are. So when we are interpreting other peoples behavior negatively we justreflecting our own mentality to this situation. In contrast when interpretpositively, chances that other people may realize its negativity and changeor amend this.



8. Be a Good Listener :

Effective communication is 50% listening, 25% speaking, 15% reading and 10%writing. So when we listen carefully then 50% communication is done.

9. Be Enthusiastic :Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm--- Ralph Waldo Emersion

10. Give honest and Sincere Appreciation :

The desire to feel important is one of the gratest craving in most of the human beingsand it can be a great motivator. Honest and sincere appreciation makes one feel

important and promote these positive qualities in him. In contrast giving false andinsincere appreciation is flattery or sycophancy which in the long run is harmful to thereceipient.

11. When you make a mistake, accept it and make it easy to amend:

Mistakes are to be learned from. So accept it immediately and make change or amendeasy.

12. Discuss but don’t argue:

Arguing is like fighting a losing battle. Even if one wins in the argument, the cost maybe more than the worth of victory.An Ignominious victory is a defeat itself.



Major Personality

Attributes InfluencingOB

Locus of ControlThe degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate.Internals Locus of controlIndividuals who believe that they control what happens to them.Externals locus of controlIndividuals who believe that what happens to them is controlled

by outside forces such as luck or chance

Machiavellianism( often abbreviated as mach )Degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotionaldistance, and believes that ends justify means “If it works, use it”is consistent with a high-Mach perspective.



People with a high-Machiavellian personality:

-- Approach situations logically and thoughtfully.-- Are capable of lying to achieve personal goals.-- Are rarely swayed by loyalty, friendships, past promises, or others’opinions.-- Are skilled at influencing others.-- Try to exploit loosely structured situations.

-- Perform in a perfunctory or detached manner in highly structuresituations.

People with a low-Machiavellian personality:

-- Accept direction imposed by others in loosely structured situations.

-- Work hard to do well in highly structured situations.-- Are strongly guided by ethical considerations.

-- Are unlikely to lie or cheat



Self-Esteem• Individuals’ degree of liking or disliking themselves. If

your self esteem is low and you aren’t confident inyour thinking , you are likely to fear decision making,lack negotiation and interpersonal skill and bereluctant or unable to change.

• Leaders can overcome such self-esteem problems of their people by practicing procedural fairness andrewarding for a job well done.

Self-Monitoring

• A personality trait that measures an individuals abilityto adjust his or her behavior to external, situational

factors. Individuals with high self monitoring showconsiderable adaptability in adjusting their behavior toexternal, situational factors. Whereas , low monitorsdisplay disposition and attitude in every situation.



Risk Takers • High Risk-taking Managers Make quicker decisions Use less information to make decisions Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial

organizations• Low Risk-taking Managers Are slower to make decisions Require more information before making decisions

Exist in larger organizations with stable environmentsType A Personality1. Are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;2. Feel impatient with the rate at which most events take

place;

3. Strive to think or do two or more things at once;4. Cannot cope with leisure time;5. Are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in

terms of how many or how much of everything theyacquire.



Type B Personality1. Never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its

accompanying impatience;

2. Feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments;3. Play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit

their superiority at any cost;4. Can relax without guilt.

Proactive PersonalityIdentifies opportunities, shows initiative, takes

action, and perseveres until meaningful change occurs.

Creates positive change in the environment, regardlessor even in spite of constraints or obstacles.

NarcissismThe tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration and havesense of entitlement.

Steps for successful



1. Provide a challenging first job.2. Provide relevant training.3. Provide timely and consistent feedback.4. Select a good supervisor to be in charge

of socialization.5. Design a relaxed orientation program.6. Place new recruits in work groups with

high morale.

Steps for successfulOrganizational

Socialization



THANKYOU

motivational skills

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