motion form 5

7/28/2019 Motion form 5

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MOTION

Can be divided into

vehicles without engine

vehicles with engine

Many vehicles doesnt use engine to move

Bicycles, bullock carts, wheelbarrows

Bicycles uses human energy to paddle and

move it


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VEHICLE WITHOUT ENGINE: BICYCLE

Whenpedalling

abicycle,

thesprocket

turns

Thesprocket

turns theironchainthat

turns thehub

The hubturns thebackwheel

Thebicyclemove

forward


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VEHICLES WITH ENGINE

Many types of vehicles have engines which

move them.


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TYPES OF ENGINES

Engines

Four-strokeengine

Four-strokepetrol engine

Four-strokediesel engine

Two-strokeengine

Two-strokepetrol engine


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FOUR-STROKE PETROL ENGINE

A fuel is burnt in the engine to move the

pistons. The up and down motion of the

pistons causes the shafts in the vehicle to

rotate and the wheels to turn. This make thevehicles to move.


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OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLE OF ENGINE


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FOUR-STROKE PETROL ENGINE VS

FOUR-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

Four-stroke petrol

engine

Criteria Four-stroke diesel

engine

Suitable for light vehicles

such as motorcars

Suitability Suitable for heavy

vehicles like buses,

lorries and trucks

Smaller and lighter for

engine of the samepower

Size of the engine Larger and heavier for

the same power

Engine is quieter when

switched on

Noise produced Engine is noisier when

switched on

Less efficient and wastesmore petrol

Efficiency More efficient andwastes less diesels

Mixture of air and petrol

vapour enters cylinder

Input through the inlet

valve

Only air enters the

cylinder

Mixture of air and petrol

is ignited by a spark plug

Method of ignition Heat from compressed

of hot air ignites thediesel injected by the


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THE TWO-STROKE PETROL ENGINE


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5.2 SPEED, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

SPEED

The speed of a moving body is the distance it

travels in unit time.

The units used are cm s-1orkm h-1


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VELOCITY


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ACCELERATION


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CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN SPEED, VELOCITY

AND ACCELERATIONCharacteristic Speed Velocity Acceleration

SI unit ms

-1

ms

-1

ms

-2

Direction Has no fixed

direction

Has in a fixed

direction

Has in a fixed

direction

Type of quantity scalar vector Vector


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5.3 INERTIA

Inertia is a tendency of a body to maintain its

state of rest or uniform motion in a straight

line unless it is acted upon by a force.


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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASS AND INERTIA

The tin with bigger mass (tin filled with sand) requiresa larger force to make it swing or to stop it fromswing.

This shows a body with a larger mass has moreinertia than a body with a small mass.


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THE SAFETY FEATURED USED IN VEHICLES

SEAT BELTS prevent the driver and

passengers from being thrown forward in a

collision.

AIR BAGS prevent injury to the driver.

HEADRESTS prevent the heads of

passengers from being jerked backwards.


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MOMENTUM


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PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

When two or more bodies collide with one

another, the total momentum before the

collision is equal to the total momentum after

collision.

Total momentum = Total momentum

before collision after collision


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motion form 5

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