moringa oleifera s xtract - macrothink.org
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En
La
La
La
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Micro
Morinteropa
hyd
aboratory of
aboratory of
aboratory of
aboratory of
aboratory of
obiology and
inga olathogendrophyl
f Hydrobiol
E
f Hydrobiol
E
f Hydrobiol
f Hydrobiol
f Hydrobiol
d BiotechnoCa
eifera Snic Escla Cells
Claire St
ogy and En
-mail: mcla
Chreti
ogy and En
E-mail: lont
Olive V
ogy and En
E-mail: n
Lucienne
ogy and En
E-mail: lu
Pa
ogy and En
E-mail: na
Anto
ology Laborameroon. E-
13
Seeds Echerichis in Aq
tephane Me
nvironment,
airestephane
ien Lontsi D
nvironment,
tsichretien@
Vivien Noah
nvironment,
noahewoti@
e Marlyse M
nvironment,
umou2000@
aul Alain Na
nvironment,
anpaul4life@
oine Tamsa A
ratory, Sain-mail: tamar
J
Extract ia coli
quatic M
etsopkeng
University
Djimeli
University
@yahoo.com
h Ewoti
University
@yahoo.fr
Moungang
University
@yahoo.fr
ana
University
@yahoo.fr
Arfao
nt Jerome Carfao@yahoo
Journal of A
Activiand Ae
Microco
of Yaounde
om
of Yaounde
m
of Yaounde
of Yaounde
of Yaounde
atholic Univo.fr
Applied BioteISSN 2
2019, Vol.
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ity on eromonosm
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echnology 2327-0640
7, No. 2
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Douala,
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This stuand Entextract temperathe seedmonospvalues vlowest highest Under 2hydrophrecordeincubatexploita
KeywoEscheri
ut de Reche
ratoire ‘Mic
aboratory of
ed: June 13,
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udy aimed tteropathogeat concentr
ature.It has ds extract cpecies cell invaried fromCIPs were CIP value
23 °C incubhila varied ed at the eion conditiation of M.
rds: Aeromichia coli
rches Agron
roorganismC
E-mail: Te
M
f Hydrobiol
2019 Ac
v7i2.14917
to evaluate enic Escherirations varybeen noted
concentrationcubation c
m 52.12 to 9noted at thwas registebation, the from 21.2
extract concon, the CIPoleifera ext
monas hydr
Pierre
nomique po
E-mail: ng
Télesph
mes: GénomeClermont Au
elesphore.si
Moïse Nola
ogy and En
E-mail: mo
ccepted: Aug
URL: http
in microcoichia coli (Eying from 1d that cell abon. Howeveondition, un99.84%. Th
he extract coered at 10 anEPEC CIPsto 97.8%.
centration Ps were reltracts in the
rophila, Aq
14
ette Ngo Bah
our le Devél
gobahebeck
hore Sime-N
e et EnvironAuvergne, Ce
ime-ngando
(Correspon
nvironment,
oise.nola@
gust 4, 2019
ps://doi.org/
sm conditioEPEC), in t1 to 40 g/Lbundances
er, a markednder 4 °C, thhose of A. honcentrationnd 40 g/L fs values var
For E. co1g/L and 3latively diff
e microbiolo
quatic micr
J
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loppement (
Ngando
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nding author
University
yahoo.com
Publish
/10.5296/jab
on, the survthe presenceL, and undedecrease gr
d cells regrohe EPEC cehydrophila vn 1g/L for E
for EPEC anried from 7li, the lowe30 g/L, referent. Thesogical treatm
ocosm, Mo
Journal of A
(IRAD), Yao
UMR CNRSce
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of Yaounde
hed: August
b.v7i2.1491
vival of Aeroe of M. oleifer 4 °C andradually witowth was soells inhibitiovaried fromEPEC and And at 15 g/L4.04 to 99.9est and thespectively. se results s
ment of pota
oringa oleif
Applied BioteISSN 2
2019, Vol.
http://jab.macr
aounde, Cam
S 6023, Uni
e 1, Camero
7, 2019
17
romonas hydifera aqueoud 23 °C incth the increometimes non percentag
m 13.2 to 96A. hydroph
L for A. hyd9% and tho
e highest CIn bispeci
show the pable water.
fera seeds
echnology 2327-0640
7, No. 2
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meroon
iversité
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drophila us seeds cubation easing in noted. In ges (CIP) 6%. The hila. The drophila. ose of A. CIP were ies cells potential
extract,
1. IntroIn mostrelated around quality (UN/Wrecommnegativare not by planseveral show th(WHO indigencamaraenvironinhibitinReed, 2
The bioalternatcultivatvegetab(Prabhuvarious disorder2010).
Phytochphosphosuch asvariety alkaloid& Hartm
Seed porivers. Tactive cAzbaia,are genisothiocallows informaM. oleifto many
oduction t regions arto populatithe world. Tto satisfy t
WWD, 2006;mended. The effects onalways with
nt extracts astudies repo
hat over 80%2002). Hu
nous populaa, Cymbogonnment (Adring effect w
2014).
ological tretive or integted species bles. All paru et al., 201
health cors, tubercul
hemical anaorous, iron,
s β-caroteneof polyphen
ds are believman, 2015).
owder has bThe floc concationic pol, 1988). Thenerally negacyanates, w
the growthations relatefera on the y species. A
round the wion increaseThese situattheir daily ; WHO, 201hese could n health, or hin the reac
are also proported on the% of Africanundreds of ation (Tamsan citratus anana et al., 2
with respect
eatment of grated soluti
of the genrts of the M11; Kuete, 2onditions, slosis, and in
alyses have , vitamins Ae, vitamin Cnols and phved to be re.
been indicatntained in thlyelectrolyteese positiveatively char
which couldh and dev
ed to the impbacterial gr
Also, the im
word, and Ae. Unfortuntions obligeneeds whic
17a; 2017b)be chemicafiltration an
ch of the poposed (Adr
e antimicrobn and Asianplant spec
a Arfao et and Hibiscus
2007). In theto certain p
water usinion for the
nus MoringaMoringa tree
2017). Morsuch as skntestinal wo
shown thatA and D, esC, and flavohenolic acidesponsible fo
ted as very he seeds or ces with a mely charged prged. In adbe an anti
velopment pact of the vrowth are av
mpact of env
15
Africa in panately, potabe the populach exposes ). To remedal treatmennd boiling. opulations. Ariana et al.,bial propertin householdcies can beal., 2013). Fs rosa-sinene same way,pathogenic g
ng seeds oimprovemea, and its yare edible a
ringa is usekin infectioorms (Saira
t M. oleiferssential amionoids (Bends as well afor the effec
effective incakes is a ba
molecular wpolypeptide
ddition, the imicrobial of planktovarious convailable, whvironmental
J
articular, heble water i
ation to reliethem to m
dy this situatnt of water,Some of thAlternative 2007; Weaies of plantsds use medice used for For examplnsis present Eucalyptusgerms in aq
of Moringa ent of wateryoung seedand have lo
ed worldwidons, anemiaam, 1999; F
ra is a rich ino acids, annett et al., s flavonoidts of the pla
n clarifying asic polypepeight betwees neutralize
seeds conagent (Cacnic microo
ncentrationshether cells l temperatur
Journal of A
e increasings unavailab
ed on water microbiologition, several, of which ese methodmethods of
athers & Rs (Sunda et acinal plants therapeutic
e, aqueous a bactericid
s microcorysquatic micro
oleifera cquality. It pods and
ong been conde in traditia, cholera, Fuglie, 2001
source of pas well as k
2003; Mbiks, glucosinoant (Ferreira
polluted anptide, more een 6 and 1e colloids intain 4L-rhaeres, 1991)
organisms i of aqueousare in mono
re on this pl
Applied BioteISSN 2
2019, Vol.
http://jab.macr
g need for ble in most sources of d
ical contaml solutions athe residu
ds are laborif water disi
Reed 2014).al., 2008). S to treat thec purposes extracts of Ldal effect in
ys extract shocosm (Wea
could constis the mostleaves are
onsumed by ional medic
fever, res1; Mahmoo
potassium, cknown antiokay, 2012).olates, and pa et al., 200
nd dirty waspecifically
17 KDa (Jahn murky waamnosyloxy). The cultin the wats extract of ospecies or lant extract
echnology 2327-0640
7, No. 2
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water is regions
doubtful minations are often ues have ious and nfection In fact,
Statistics emselves
by the Lantana
n aquatic owed an
athers &
titute an t widely used as humans
cine, for spiratory od et al.,
calcium, oxidants, A wide possibly
08; Stohs
ter from y a set of hn & Al aters that y benzyl ivability ter.Little seeds of belongs
t activity
against maintenSteinweaqueousenterop
2. Mate1.1 Sam
The seelocalityregion iThe climseason (M’bian
The seefor 2 mweighed10, 15, were asuccesssecondl
2.2 Bac
The bahydrophas indic2011). Tand EnisolatedDextrin(Holt etProtoco
ExperimThe secextract used. W
For thedefrostenutrientcentrifusolutionbacteriaBacteria
microorgannance energeg et al., 20s extract of
pathogenic E
erials and Mmpling and P
eds of Moriy is at latituis characterimate is Sudof 3 to 4
ndoun et al.
eds of Morimonths and d and then 20, 30, 40 gdjusted at
sively whatly and the M
cteria Strain
acterial cellhila strains.cator of micThe enterop
nvironment d from groun agar culturt al., 2000)ol
ments were cond was dconcentrati
With each gr
e first seriesed at room t broth (Oxugation (800n. The sedial suspensioa concentrat
nisms is lessgy demand 008; Allisonf seeds of MEscherichia
Methods Preparation
inga oleiferde 10°35′27ized by the dano-Sahelimonths. Pr, 2002).
inga oleiferaremoved fmixed with
g/L.Homog7 using N
tman filter Millex memb
ns and Cell’
ls consider They were
crobiologicapathogenic Eof Centre
undwater inre medium. . Cells were
done in 2 done using ion for eachroup being m
s, prior to ttemperatur
xford) and i00 rpm for ment was t
on was adjution of the o
s documenteand reduce
n et al., 201M. oleiferacoli cells in
n of Moring
ra were col7″ North, loclayed-san
ian, characterecipitation
a were harvfrom their hh sterile distenized extra
NaOH and paper firs
brane of 0.2
’S Suspensio
red were eselected be
al quality ofE. coli straiPasteur (Can Yaounde Both strain
e then stored
series. Thecells of b
h series ofmade up of
the experimre. The culincubated a10 min at 1then diluted
usted to a deoriginal susp
16
ed. Higher e carbon us10). The aima on the cun aquatic m
ga oleifera S
llected in Mongitude 14ndy and sanerized by ais fairly lo
vested, driedhull. They tilled water.acts was lefHCl soluti
stly, nitroce22µm poros
ons
enteropathogecause of thef water usedin was provameroon, Cusing mem
ns cells wered in glycero
e first was dboth bacteri
experiment3 glass flas
ments, a frozlture (300 μat 37 °C for10 °C) and d in 10 mLensity of 0.5pension was
J
environmene efficiencym of this stu
ultivability omicrocosm, u
Seeds Extrac
Maroua (Ca4°18′57″ Eandy-loamy sa dry seasonow with an
d at laboratowere then . The conceft to settle foions and thellulose mesity thirdly (
genic Escheir high impd for consumvided by theCentral Afrmbrane filtre then identiol at -15 °C
done using ial species t, 2 groups ks. zen vial coμL) was thr 24 hours.washed twi
L of sterile 5 Mac Farlas about 108 C
Journal of A
ntal tempery (Devêvre udy was to aof Aeromonunder 4 °C a
ct
meroun, Ceast and at 40soils (Martinn of 8 to 9 mn annual av
ory at a temcrushed anntrations coor 5 minutehe supernaembrane of(Rodier, 200
herichia coportance andmption (Lace Laboratorica). A. hydration methified using b for later us
cells of onunder consof glass fla
ntaining eahen transfer
Cells wereice with steNaCl solut
and (BaCl2 CFU/ml. Af
Applied BioteISSN 2
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http://jab.macr
ratures can & Horwáth
assess the imnas hydrophand 23 °C.
entral Afric06 m altitun & Segalenmonths andverage of 8
mperature (2nd the powonsidered ws. The pH s
atant filteref 0.45μm 09; APHA,
oli and Aerd strong occcasse, 2004ry of Microdrophila str
hod and Ambiochemicase.2.3 Exper
ne bacterial sideration. asks A and
ach cells strrred into 10e then colleerile NaCl (tion. Homoand of H2Sfter dilution
echnology 2327-0640
7, No. 2
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increase h, 2000; mpact of hila and
ca). This de. This n 1966).
d a rainy 800 mm
23±2 °C) der was
were 1, 5, solutions ed using porosity 2012).
romonas currence ; WHO,
obiology rain was mpicillin l criteria rimental
species. At each B were
rain was 0 mL of ected by (8.5 g/L) ogenized O4 1%).
n, 1ml of
the celconcentthat the
The samon the sbetweentemperasimulatusually 4 °C, an
Analysefor E. cfor 24 hthen coof samp
For the108 CFUAfter dconcentabove f
2.4 Dat
The varaccordinillustrat(Weathe
N0 = nCFU/10The Spconsidethe testversion
3. Resu3.1 Tem
When edifferenvaried fregister129.7×1
lls suspenstrations of control con
mples were tstudies carrin a bacteriaature incubae the ambieused to incu
nd those of
es were carroli and A. h
hours (Marcounted. The ple.
e second serU/mL for ea
dilution, 100trations (1, following th
ta Analysis
riations of cng to the cted by histers & Reed,
number of C00 mL after pearman coered paramet H of Krus16.0 progra
ults and Dismporal Varia
enteropathognt extract cofrom 224.4red at the c103 to 0.92
sion was seeds extracntain is 2× 1
then incubaied out by W
al cell and thation 4 °C aent temperaubate or stogroup B we
ried out usihydrophila. chal et al., 1bacterial d
ries of expeach cells spe0 µL of the5, 10, 15,
he same prot
cell abundaconcentratiotograms. Th, 2014; Edim
CFU/100 mincubation
orrelation teeters. The cskal-Wallis am.
scussion
ation of Cel
genic E. coloncentration8×103 to 3
concentratio×103 CFU/1
added to ct solutions108 CFU/ml
ted for 6houWeathers anhe plant extand 23 °C wature in more bacterial ere incubate
ing Endo anPetri dishes1991; APHAensity was e
eriments, becies. 100 µLe cells susp20, 30, 40 tocol. The e
nces (N ) aon of the exhe CIP wema et al., 20𝐶𝐼𝑃
mL before ain a given
est "r" has omparison and U of M
ll Abundanc
li cells werens varied fr.58 ×103 C
on 10 g/L, 100 mL the
17
the glass s filtered as l.
urs. The incund Reed (20tract, a metawere chosenost househostrains. The
ed at 23 °C.
nd Ampicills were then A, 2012), aexpressed i
bacteria concL of E. coli
pension wasg/L) of see
experiment
as well as cxtract of Moere calculat010): 𝑁 𝑁𝑁adding the condition inbeen used
between baMann With
ces
e the only cerom 500×10
CFU/100 mLand the higlowest abun
J
flasks conindicated ab
ubation per014), whichabolic intera. The tempe
olds in the e glass flask
in Dextrin aincubated a
and the colon Colonies
centration oand the sam
s added to eds extract was perform
cells inhibitioringa oleifted accordi
100
seeds extran the seeds
d to assess acteria abunney. This a
ells species i03 to 0.92×L (Figure 1ghest at 1gndance was
Journal of A
ntaining 10bove. The r
iod of 6h wah indicated tactions resuerature of 23equatorial r
ks of group A
agar culture at 44 °C andny formingForming U
of original sme of A. hydr
the tubes csolutions f
med in tripli
ion percentafera at eachng to the
act solutionextract soluthe relatio
ndances weranalysis was
in solutions103 CFU/10). The low
g/L. At 23 registered a
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00ml of dreally conce
as considerethat after 3hult is observ3 °C was chregion, andA were incu
media respd 37 °C respg units (CFUUnits (CFU)/
suspension drophila wercontaining dfiltered as inlicate.
tages (CIP) h temperatufollowing
n; Nn = nuution of M. oonship betwre carried os done usin
, their abun00 mL. At
west abundan°C, it variat the conce
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7, No. 2
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different entration
ed based h contact ved. Two hosen to
d 4 °C is ubated at
pectively pectively Us) were /100 mL
of about re mixed. different ndicated
after 6h ure were formula
mber of oleifera.
ween the out using ng SPSS
dance in 4 °C, it nce was ed from entration
30 g/L,extract)
When A500×10(Figure 1g/L. Aregistercontrol
In the pcases thHoweve(Figure that E. compar
When cunder 4from 13concentat 5g/L abundanabundancell abumarkedcase whA. hydr(Figure
and the hi) was 500×1
A. hydrophil03 to 11×10
1). The lowAt 23 °C, itred at the c(solution w
presence of hat cell abuer, a slight 1). It was acoli cells ab
red to those
cells of the 4 °C varied f31.6×103 totration 40 g/and 1g/L f
nce was regnces were rundances ded regrowth ohen cells belrophila were
1).
ighest at 1g103 CFU/10
la cells wer03 CFU/100 west abundat varied fromconcentratiowithout seed
f A. hydrophundances d
regrowth oalso noted atbundances arecorded at
2 bacterial from 179.4 o 0 CFU/10/L for both E
for E. coli agistered at thecorded at 1ecreased graof E. coli walonging to oe sometime
g/L. Cells c0 mL at 23
e the only cmL. At 4°
ance was regm 394×103
on 15 g/L, ads extract) w
hila and entecrease graof E. coli wt each extracas well as tht 23 °C (Fig
species we×103 to 0 CF00 mL (FiguE. coli and A
and A. hydrohe concentra1g/L for botadually withas noted at thone species ws relatively
18
concentratio°C and 4 °C
cells species°C, it variedgistered at th to 11×103
and the higwere 500×10
teropathogeadually withwas percepct concentrathose of A. hgure 1).
ere present FU/100 mLure 1). TheA. hydrophiophila, respation 40 g/Lth E. coli anh increasinghe extract cowere used, E
y lower at 4
J
ons in the cC, respectiv
s in solutiond from 434he concentrCFU/100 m
ghest at 5g/03 CFU/100
enic E. coli h increasingtible at theation in eachhydrophila
simultaneoL. That of A. e lowest abuila. The highpectively (FL for E. colind A. hydropg seeds extroncentrationE. coli cells°C compar
Journal of A
ontrol (soluvely.
ns, their abun×103 to 20ation 15 g/LmL the lowL. Cells co
0 mL.
cells, it wag seeds ext
e extract coh of the incuwere relativ
ously, the abhydrophilaundance wahest abundaigure 1). Atand A. hydrphila (Figurract concentn of 20 g/L. abundance
red to those
Applied BioteISSN 2
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ution witho
undance vari0×103 CFU/L, and the h
west abundaoncentration
as observed tract concen
oncentrationubation temvely higher
bundance oa under 23 °Cas registere
ances were rAt 23 °C, therophila. There 1). In mo
ntration. HowIn contrast
es as well as e recorded a
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7, No. 2
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ut seeds
ied from /100 mL ighest at
ance was ns in the
in most ntration.
n 40 g/L mperature, r at 4 °C
f E. coli C varied
ed at the recorded e lowest e highest st cases, wever, a with the those of
at 23 °C
Figuremonosp
that
e 1. Variatiopecies cellst of A. hydro
n in E. coli s incubationophila in mo
abundance n condition (onospecies
incuba
19
with respec(A) and bispcells incuba
ation condit
J
ct to the conpecies cells ation condition (D)
Journal of A
ncentration incubation
tion (C) and
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of seeds excondition (
d bispecies
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xtract in (B), and cells
3.2 Cell
The ceparametspecies the impspecies
At 4 °CThose oat the eregisterUnder 2hydrophrecordeCIP val
When bhighest 5 g/L awhereasand A. h100% fo
ls Inhibition
ells inhibititers (concepresent). S
pact of the astudied.
C when one sof A. hydropextract concred at the ex23 °C incubhila varied fed at the extrlue was regi
both cells sp(100%) CIP
and 40 g/L. s the higheshydrophila
for both cell
n Percentag
ion percententration of imilarly, thaqueous ex
species of cphila varied centration 1xtract concebation, the from 21.2 toract concentistered at 5g
pecies were P values forFor A. hyd
st (100%) wwere 74.48
ls species (F
ges (CIP)
tages (CIP)the aqueou
e percentagtract of the
ell was usedfrom 13.2 t g/L for E.
entration 10E. coli CIPo 97.8%. Fotration 1g/Lg/L whereas
simultaneor E. coli werdrophila, th
was recorded% and 73.8
Figure 2).
20
) have beeus extract, ge inhibitionese seeds on
d, the E. colto 96% (Fig coli and A
0 and 40 g/LP values varor E. coli, th
L and 30g/L s the highes
ously presenre recorded rhe lowest (9d at 40 g/L. A8% respectiv
J
en evaluateincubation
n cells (CIPn the abund
li CIP valueure 2). The
A. hydrophilL for E. coliried from 74he lowest anrespectivelyt was record
nt and at 4 °Crespectively93.9%) CIPAt 23 °C, thvely, all of
Journal of A
ed under vtemperatur
P) make it pdance data o
s varied fromlowest CIP
la. The highi and 15 g/L4.04 to 99.9nd the highey. For A. hydded at 15 g/
C, the lowesy at the extraP value washe lowest CIthem at 1g/
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various conre, number possible to of the two b
m 55.12 to value was r
hest CIP vaL for A. hyd9% and thoest CIP valudrophila, th/L (Figure 2
st (64.12%)act concentrs registered IP values fo/L. The high
echnology 2327-0640
7, No. 2
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nsidered of cells evaluate bacterial
99.84%. recorded alue was drophila. ose of A. ues were he lowest 2).
) and the ration of at 1g/L
or E. coli hest was
Figure 2(A) an
2. Cells inhind bispecies
cells incu
ibition percs cells incububation con
entages of Ebation condidition (C) a
21
E. coli cells ition (B), anand bispecie
J
in monospend of A. hydes cells incu
Journal of A
ecies cells indrophila celubation cond
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ncubation clls in monosdition (D)
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ondition species
3.3 Rela
Spearmwith a present hydrophconcomthe seedin incudecreasconcent
Table 1temperaconditio
Cells sand inc
Cells species
E. coli
A. hydroph
*: P ≤ 0
The Taconcentthe soluconsidewere in
ations Amon
man's correlasignificant and when t
hila cells amitant (P < 0ds extract (Tubation temse in the cetration 1g/L
1. Spearmanature at eachons after 6 h
species conscubation co
Cincucon
Monoc
Bispc
hila
Monoc
Bispc
0.05; df (deg
able 2 shotration signiutions whenered, the samncubated at 4
ng the Cons
ation test sh(P < 0.05)
the concentrare present 0.05) with tTable 1). W
mperature apells abundanL only, for A
n correlationh seeds extrhours
sidered ondition Cells ubation ndition ospecies cells pecies
cells -
ospecies cells pecies
cells -
gree of freed
ows that atificantly de
n cells are ome observa4 °C (Table
sidered Para
hows that adecrease inrations of sealone, the
the decreasehen the twoppears to bnces at con
A. hydrophila
n coefficienract concent
1
-0.000 -0
1.000*
-0
-0.091 -0
1.000* -0
dom) = 5 (n
t all incubecrease (P <of monospeation was m
2).
22
rameters
an increase n E. coli abeeds extractincrease in
e in cell abuo-cell speciebe significncentrationsla (Table 1).
nts betweentration, in m
Seeds e
5 1
0.909* -0.8
0.400
-0.
0.455 -0.8
0.400 -0.
number of o
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nd the seeds and bispec
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acterial speced at 4 °Ctrations 10
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also noted concentrati when the chydrophila
neously pr5) from one
4. The “P” vrison of the in monospec
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cteria decay, green alte
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en shown tond outer meat stronger
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M. oleifera hemicals. Werived antibes both the sthe possibil
cies were C significan0 and 40 red (P≥0.05Table 3).
that the reon to anothcells presen
a (Table 4)esent, the extract con
values indiccells abundcies and bis
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Cells inc
MonBi
MonBi
gree of freed
y curves obernative forseed extract tein, comm
o cause bactembranes (S
concentratdent on these or a stron
extract inhWorking onbacterial pesedimentatility that the
present simntly differeg/L of see
5) between
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ncentration t
cating the ddances regisspecies cells
incubation c
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nospecies ceispecies cell
dom) =19 (n
tained showr effectivenwould be d
monly knownterial cell daShebek et altions facili
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hibitory effen the structuptide, Suaron of suspetwo activiti
24
multaneousled (P≥0.05eds extractthe two tem
undances of), at the incuto a single sother hand
s of the reto another (
degree of sigstered amons incubation
condition
ondition
ells ls
ells ls
number of o
w that the Mness water due to the pn as the Moamage throul., 2015). Thitate higherload, and
ntration of th
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J
ly, the abu5) from tht. The A. mperatures
f E. coli siubation temspecies. Thd, when thecorded cel(Table 4).
gnificance ong the seedsn conditions
In
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0.0040,06
0.0050.07
observation
Moringa oletreatment.
presence of aoringa oleifugh rapid fhis protein r bactericidincreased bhe seed extr
bacterial n character008) noted rial cells ane related. In
Journal of A
undances ofose recordhydrophila
only at con
ignificantly mperature of
e same obshe two bacls do not
of the differs extract cons, at 4 °C an
cubation tem
C
4* 60
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eifera extracThe antiba
a short, catifera cationiflocculation would inhib
dal propertibacterial coract.
cell wouldization andthat one o
nd a direct bn addition, S
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f the E. coded at 23 a cells abuncentrations
differed frf 4 ° C as wservation wcterial specdiffer sign
rence relatencentration
nd 23 °C
mperatures
23 °C
0.0040.067
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oli cells °C and undance s 30 and
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as made cies are ificantly
ed to the ns after 6
C
4* 7
4* 0
used as a tivity of n within MOCP),
n of their l growth ver, this n would
d to the ion of a peptides activity, l. (2015)
indicateimportafusion.
Temperindirectof their cellularextract tempera
It is obsseeds exmagnes(Hans &in the bpresencand whomolecuto bind inhibitio
Jahn (19200 g/Lbacteriahydrophbacteriaconstitucontent
The antbenzyl part ofpolypepcell dea
Chuangfungus.and theseed crpreviou1998; CbilayersSubsequ
It has bbispecie
ed that a caant antibacteIts activity
rature is ontly influenceenvironme
r inhibition.of Moring
ature (Maug
served that axtract inhibisium, phosp& Bindandabacterial cece of α-L-rhose antibactles are solubto cation pron (Theviss
988) reporteL of extract tal inhibitionhila. This sa or other auents and ot
of chemica
timicrobial isothiocynaf the antimptides. Accoaths.
g et al., (20 The result
e intercellulrude extracus studies oChen et al.,s in membruently, wate
been noted tes cells incu
ationic proteerial activityincludes ad
ne of the ees bacterial nt. In this s. The incub
ga oleifera guin et al., 2
an increase itory activit
phorus, coppa, 2003). Thell walls anhamnosyloxterial and anble and are proteins negasen et al., 19
ed that wateto have a ge
ns varying frsuggest thatabiotic propther parts ofal componen
activity of ate derivativmicrobial aording to Za
007) has stuts showed thlar componct. Howeveof cell lysis, 2003), thiranes leadiner dips in to
that incubatubation con
ein isolatedy. Its domindsorption, st
explanatory productivittudy, tempebation tempseeds, the
2004).
in the concty (Table 2).per, vitaminhese differennd become y benzyl isontifongic prpositively catively char996).
er disinfectioermicidal efrom 55.12%t the enviroperties of thf the plant (nts varies w
f Moringa eves (Eilert eactivity of asloff (2002
udied the mhat the cyto
nents were ser, the inters pathways s indicated ng to the seo the cell, w
tion temperndition, the
25
d from the snant mechantalk formati
parametersty by modiferature appeperature incinhibition
centration of. The seeds
ns (A, B andnt secondartoxic. Bactothiocyanatroperties hacharged. Therged on the
on by Morinffect. In this
% to 99.9% fonment, as he water us(roots and flwith Moring
extracts waset al., 1981)
Moringa s2), they act
mode of attaoplasmic mseriously drcellular coof antimicthat extrac
eparation owhich causes
rature relativhigh percen
J
seeds of thenism of antimon, and fusi
s of changefying the phears as an imcreases the being cons
f seeds extrahave been i
d E), and arry metabolitteria inhibitte moleculeave been desey can easilcells memb
nga seeds res study, fromfor E. coli, awell as theed, could alowers). It h
ga species (J
s previously. Suarez et seeds extraby forming
ack of Mormembrane o
amaged aftomponents robial peptcted compoof the two ms cell to swe
vely impactntages of in
Journal of A
e Moringa omicrobial acion between
es in bacterhysical and cmportant fac
effectivenesiderable at
acts significndicated as e also rich ites in excestion could s which arescribed (Cacy cross the bbrane surfac
equires relatm 1 g/L to 40and from 13e genetic chaffect the achas also beeJahn, 1988).
y attributedal. (2003) s
act may stg essential e
inga oleiferf the fungater treatmendid not le
ides on bacunds interamembranesell more and
ts the seedsnhibition ob
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oleifera treectivity is men membrane
erial abundachemical prctor involveess of the t the psych
cantly impro containing in organic e
ss could accalso be du
e found in thaceres, 1991bacterial mece and supp
atively high 0 g/L of ext.2% to 97.8
haracteristicctivity of then indicated.
d to plant-pshowed thattem from enzymes, le
ra seeds exal cell was rnt with M. eak out. Bcteria (Chaacted with ts (outer andd leads to de
s extract actbserved at 4
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7, No. 2
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e has an embrane es.
ances. It roperties ed in the aqueous
hrophilic
oved the calcium,
elements cumulate ue to the he seeds ). These embrane
port their
doses of tract, the % for A.
cs of the he seeds
d that the
produced t at least Flo-like ading to
xtract on ruptured oleifera ased on
an et al., the lipid d inner). eath.
tivity. In 4 °C and
23 °C ibacteriasuggestmesophconcentunderlythemselal., 200
In monosometimof whicseeds exto the rsome obispeciemetaboIn this fand enmention(JorgennutrientorganiccontribuThis wo
4. ConcThis stuMoringwith ansometimwell as recordeinhibitio
AcknowWe exteof CentClermo
Referen
Adrianaefficacycommer-838220
in the preseal metabolisted that lowhilic bacteritrations of
ying cellulalves largely4).
ospecies ceme noted. Itch may be nxtract activirelease into
of these enees cell inculism of the form of assergy for thned betwee
nsen et al., 2ts and allow compoundute to a rapiould lead to
clusion udy showedga oleifera on increased mes noted. W
those of Aed at 23 °Con.
wledgemenend our thatre Pasteur
ont Auvergn
nces
a, B., Almoy of Curcrcial mouth0070003000
ent study msm, with to
w temperaturia is very snutrients a
ar metaboly influenced
ell incubatiot is known tnutritious (Hity, the cell
o the mediuergetic consubation concells of botociation, thhe other (Men Enteroba2004). In a
w the cell reds (Ferreira id depletion
o the slight a
d a significanon the two seeds extra
When cells A. hydrophilC. The seed
nt anks to the aof Cameroo
ne (France),
odovar, A. Numa zedoa
h rinses. Bra011
may be exploxic producres can leadslow, the toare only veism depen
d by the env
on conditionthat bacteriaHolt et al., 2inhibition f
um of cellulstituents of ndition, theth species. T
he catabolismMcInerney acteriaceae addition, somegrowth, as& Janick, 1
n of nutrientaspect of the
nt effect of bacteria sp
act concentrbelonging t
la were somds extract c
authorities oon, the Univfor their log
N. M., Perearia extracazilian J. M
26
lained by thcts being md to better soxic producery slowly nd on the vironmental
n as well asal cells are 2000; Mainfollowed bylar compouthese comp
ese slight cThis phenom products et al., 200bacteria anme molecu
s it was ind1996). The dt moleculese cells regro
bacterial inpecies studiration. Howto one spec
metimes relconcentratio
of the Laboversity of Ygistic and m
eira, C. T., &ct assessed
Microbiol, 38
J
he fact that metabolized.
urvival by tcts present metabolizeactivities temperatur
s in bispeciemade up of
nil, 2005; My the degradunds. Survivpounds for
cells regrowmenon is uof one wou
08). This fnd lactic ac
ules from thicated that doubling ofs and an accowth noted.
nhibition of tied. Cell abwever, a maies were usatively lowons also pl
oratory of MYaounde1 (Cmaterial con
& Mariangld by linear8, 440-445.
Journal of A
these tempLessard an
the fact thatat the samd. The bioof the enze (Regnault
es, a slight f a variety o
McInerney etdation of somving cells w
the time owth could asually knowuld become form of mucid bacteriahe extracts a seed of M
f the bactericumulation o
the aqueousbundances darked regrowed, E. coli c
wer at 4 °C ays an imp
MicrobiologyCameroon)
ntributions.
a, T. A. (20r regressiohttps://doi.
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ome cells cowould probaof their survalso be duewn as a syn a source o
mutualism ha by other can be a so
M. oleifera ial populatioof metaboli
s extract of decreases g
owth of E. ccells abundcompared
portant role
gy and Envirand the Un
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