more that can be said

8/12/2019 More That Can Be Said

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Nc tgh `nrst waro, rhfjjy, wh summhst tgft psylgajamy sgauje kh kfshe acMypsy Lujturh. ]h autjnch dy gnstary wntg tghd fce gaw nt pravnehsàr f daehrc efy pfrfenmd àr f Mypsy Lasdajamy `rad wgnlg fpsylgajamnlfj daehj lauje kh ehvhjaphe (Mypsy \gfdfcnsd Fce UghXcnvhrsh).

Nc tgh shlace waro wh sgaw gaw Frtn`nlnfj Ncthjjnmhclh (FN) wauje gfvhncghrhct nc nt, n` nt ns snjnlac kfshe, tgh majehc rftna laciumfth, wgnlglauje ndpjy tgft nt wfs dhfct ta gfpphc fjj fjacm tgraumg sadhucfslhrtfncfkjh Cfturfj @arlh, khlfush, tgh majehc rftna laciumfth nsàuce tgraumgaut jn`h.

Nc tgh tgnre waro wh prapash tgft hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs hdkheehe f dhssfmhnc aur pgysnls, fce wghc wh lfjlujfth nts arnmnc, nt ladhs `rad tgh sfdh

pjflh nc spflh fs tgh \HUN ]aw! \nmcfj.



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Mypsy \gfdfcnsd, Rfrfcardfj Rsylgajamy, Fce Ladputhr \lnhclh

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Ohy Ua Nfc Khfresjhy„s Lasdas Rramrfd

Lasdas ns f pramrfd N fd wrntncm fs f prfltnlfj fppjnlftnac ncRfrfcardfj Rsylgajamy. Ugh nehf a` pfrfcardfj psylgajamy ns ehvhjapf thst ta ehthrdnch wghtghr fc hvhct wfs pfrfcardfj, ar nc tgh dnce.Nc dy pramrfd, Lasdas, N lhcthr dy quhstnacs frauce tgh Mypsypgnjasapgy tgft N lfdh ta feapt f`thr sphcencm fkaut cnch dactgs nc tghMypsy Lfvhs a` Mrfcfef, \pfnc.

Nc sa `fr fs Mypsnhs, frh f phapjh `rad Ncenf, tgh @fr Hfst, wga jh`t kyàat sadh ach tgausfce yhfrs fma fce ghfehe whst pfssncm tgraumghvhrywghrh khtwhhc tghrh fce \pfnc, tghy gfvh flqunrhe f ehhp fcepraàuce ucehrstfcencm cat iust a` wgft nt ns ta kh gudfc, kut a` tghXcnvhrsh. Xjtndfthjy, dy vayfmh gfs rhsujthe nc f \lnhctn`nl Lasdajamy

tgft ns kfshe frauce tgh tgrhh cudkhrs >/8, 8/<, fce 68 wntg f àucencmdftrnx a` ;, tgh cudkhr tgft rhprhshcts tgh ladpjndhctfry appasnths a` ^nc fce ^fcm nc Ufansd.

Dy tghary ns tgft tgh rhfsac phapjh a` tgh sfdh fstrajamnlfj snmcs gfvhtgncms nc laddac ns tgft fc fstrajamnlfj snmc rhprhshcts khncm karceurncm f lhrtfnc tndh a` tgh yhfr, fce tgh tndh a` tgh yhfr ehthrdnchstgh whftghr, darh ar jhss, àr f mnvhc jftntueh. Khncm karc tghc, nc tgh\prncm wnjj f``hlt yaur phrsacfjnty en``hrhctjy tgfc khncm karc nc tgh

wncthr, nc tgft whftghr f``hlts daae fce lacslnauschss.

N fso tgh ushr àr fc ncthmhr khtwhhc ach fce snxthhc, khlfush snxthhc ncCartg Ncenfc Ljfssnlfj dusnl ns lacsnehrhe tgh ujtndfth àrd a` dusnl, tgh dast tatfj fce `fr rhflgncm. Ugh Mypsy [udkf lfc kh tgaumgt a` fsàur àurs, ar snxthhc. F`thr N fd mnvhc f cudkhr nc tgft rfcmh, tgh ushrns fsohe ta lgaash fcy ncthmhrs tghy wfct, tgh cudkhr a` wgnlg frh tghcudkhr tghy lgash khtwhhc ach fce snxthhc ncljusnvh. F`thr lgaasncmtgft cudkhr a` ncthmhrs, tgh ladputhr pramrfd lfjlujfths tghnr sudfce fvhrfmh, tghc mnvhs tghd kflo ta tgh ushr ta jht tghd ocaw, àr achtgncm, nc tgh fvhrfmh, tgh vfjuh frauce wgnlg tghnr lganlh ern`ts. Nehthrdnch tgh daae a` f phrsac ft tgh dadhct ky gfvncm tghd lgaashkhtwhhc tgh cfdhs a` tgrhh Mypsnhs tgft shhd ta lavhr tgh sphltrud a` hdatnac tgaumg aut tgh en``hrhct onces a` gudfcs.

N ush cudkhrs nc atghr pfrts a` tgh quhstnacs tgft phrtfnc cat iust talurrhct efy Mypsy \gfdfcnsd, kut gaw N gfvh àuce tghd rhjfthe ta



0

tgh Xcnvhrsh nc dy waro, \htn9 Fcatghr \nmcfj Nc \fmnttfrnus. Ugft lfckh rhfe ft9 gttp9//nssuu.lad/hfckfresjhy/eals/sfmnttfrnus , ar nc dywaro Fjj Ugft Lfc Kh \fne ft9gttp9//nssuu.lad/hfckfresjhy/eals/fjjQtgftQlfcQkhQsfne . Fs N fdtfoncm L\82x ft Gfrvfre, tghnr nctraeultnac ta Ladptuhr \lnhclh, tgnswaro ehvhjaphe fs dy `ncfj praihlt `ar tgh ljfss. N gfvh stfrthe wrntncmtgns pramrfd (nc tgns pfphr) fce usncm nt (hvhc tgaumg nt ns cat each.)Ugh pramrfd wnjj ladh ta nclarparfth dfcy darh quhstnacs `rad dywaro nc Mypsy \gfdfcnsd (Lgavngfcnsd nc tghnr jfcmufmh).

Nfc KhfresjhyIfcufry ;>, ;265



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Ugh Rramrfd ]rntthc Nc L

#ncljueh :stena.g3 #ncljueh :stejnk.g3 #ncljueh :ls82.g3nct dfnc(vane){lgfr `nrst_68T, jfst_68T, snmc_68T?nct shx?prnct`("jfst cfdh9 ")?slfc`("%s", jfst)?prnct`("`nrst cfdh9 ")?slfc`("%s", `nrst)?prnct`("âu sfne9 %s, %sZc", jfst, `nrst)?prnct`("dfjh (2) ar `hdfjh (6)1 ")?slfc`("%e", &shx)?prnct`("fstrajamnlfj snmc9 ")?slfc`("%s", snmc)?prnct`("âur snmc ns9 %sZc", snmc)?n` (shx442){prnct`("Xshr ns dfjhZc")?}hjsh{prnct`("Xshr ns `hdfjhZc")?}nct c?

ea{prnct`("Mnvh dh fc ncthmhr mrhfthr tgfc zhra fce jhss tgfc 609 ")?slfc`("%e", &c)?}wgnjh (c:6 || c368)?prnct`("âu lgash tgh ncthmhr %eZc9", c)?



7

nct n?

prnct`("N fd tgnconcm a` f cudkhr tgft ns >/8, 8/< ar 68.Zc")?prnct`("]gnlg ach fd N tgnconcm a` (6, ;, ar <)1 ")?slfc`("%e", &n)?

n` (n446){prnct`("âu lgash tgh ync a` tgh ucnvhrsh.Zc")?}hjsh n` (n44;){prnct`("âu lgash tgh yfcm a` tgh ucnvhrsh.Zc")?}hjsh n` (n44<){prnct`("âu lgash tgh cudkhr a` rukkhr gashsZc")?

prnct`("nc f lfvh nc Mrfcfef, \pfnc.Zc")?}nct cudkhr?prnct`("Eahs tgh rftna a` > ta 8 dfoh yauZc")?prnct`("tgnco darh a` (6) tgh suc fce daac, arZc")?prnct`("(;) maje fce snjvhr1 ")?slfc`("%e", &cudkhr)?n` (cudkhr446){prnct`("Ugh suc ns maje, tgh daac snjvhr.Zc")?}

hjsh{prnct`("âu lgash prhlnaus dhtfjs.Zc")?}



>

nct cadkrh?prnct`("âu lfc dast ehslrnkh yaur daae kyZc")?prnct`("tgh cfdh Fctacna, Dfcajnc, ar DfcuhjZc")?prnct`("(6, ;, ar <1) ")?slfc`("%e", &cadkrh)?

n` (cadkrh 446){prnct`("âu lgash Fctacna, tgfco yau.Zc")?}hjsh n` (cadkrh44;){prnct`("âu lgash Dfcajnc, tgfco yau.Zc")?}hjsh{prnct`("âu lgash Dfcuhj, tgfco yau.Zc")?

}nct o?ea{prnct`("Mnvh dh f pasntnvh ncthmhrZc")?prnct`("tgft eahsc't hxlhhe 609 ")?slfc`("%e", &o)?}wgnjh (o:6 || o360)?prnct`("âu lgash9 %eZc", o)?prnct`("Lgaash %e ncthmhrs9Zc", o)?

nct i?`jaft cud_622T, sud 42.2, fvhrfmh?àr (i42? i:o?i++){prnct`("%e hcthr cudkhr9 ",i+6)?slfc`("%`", &cud_oT)?

sud+4cud_oT?fvhrfmh4sud/o?}prnct`("sud a` yaur cudkhrs9 %.;`Zc", sud)?

prnct`("fvhrfmh a` yaur cudkhrs9 %.;`Zc", fvhrfmh)?}



62

Ugh Eftf \a @fr

igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~)9 le Erapkax/psht6 igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht6)9 ./lasdas

jfst cfdh9 Khfresjhy`nrst cfdh9 Nfcâu sfne9 Khfresjhy, Nfcdfjh (2) ar `hdfjh (6)1 2fstrajamnlfj snmc9 Ufurusâur snmc ns9 UfurusXshr ns dfjhMnvh dh fc ncthmhr mrhfthr tgfc zhra fce jhss tgfc 609 5âu lgash tgh ncthmhr 59N fd tgnconcm a` f cudkhr tgft ns >/8, 8/< ar 68.]gnlg ach fd N tgnconcm a` (6, ;, ar <)1 <

âu lgash tgh cudkhr a` rukkhr gashsnc f lfvh nc Mrfcfef, \pfnc.Eahs tgh rftna a` > ta 8 dfoh yautgnco darh a` (6) tgh suc fce daac, ar(;) maje fce snjvhr1 ;âu lgash prhlnaus dhtfjs.âu lfc dast ehslrnkh yaur daae kytgh cfdh Fctacna, Dfcajnc, ar Dfcuhj(6, ;, ar <1) ;âu lgash Dfcajnc, tgfco yau.Mnvh dh f pasntnvh ncthmhr

tgft eahsc't hxlhhe 609 ;âu lgash9 ;Lgaash ; ncthmhrs96 hcthr cudkhr9 >; hcthr cudkhr9 8sud a` yaur cudkhrs9 65.22fvhrfmh a` yaur cudkhrs9 =.22

igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht6)9

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66

igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~)9 le Erapkax/psht6 igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht6)9 ./lasdasjfst cfdh9 Khfresjhy`nrst cfdh9 Ljfnrhâu sfne9 Khfresjhy, Ljfnrh

dfjh (2) ar `hdfjh (6)1 6fstrajamnlfj snmc9 Lfclhrâur snmc ns9 LfclhrXshr ns `hdfjhMnvh dh fc ncthmhr mrhfthr tgfc zhra fce jhss tgfc 609 8âu lgash tgh ncthmhr 89N fd tgnconcm a` f cudkhr tgft ns >/8, 8/< ar 68.]gnlg ach fd N tgnconcm a` (6, ;, ar <)1 6âu lgash tgh ync a` tgh ucnvhrsh.Eahs tgh rftna a` > ta 8 dfoh yautgnco darh a` (6) tgh suc fce daac, ar

(;) maje fce snjvhr1 ;âu lgash prhlnaus dhtfjs.âu lfc dast ehslrnkh yaur daae kytgh cfdh Fctacna, Dfcajnc, ar Dfcuhj(6, ;, ar <1) ;âu lgash Dfcajnc, tgfco yau.Mnvh dh f pasntnvh ncthmhrtgft eahsc't hxlhhe 609 68âu lgash9 68Lgaash 68 ncthmhrs96 hcthr cudkhr9 <

; hcthr cudkhr9 8< hcthr cudkhr9 =5 hcthr cudkhr9 >8 hcthr cudkhr9 660 hcthr cudkhr9 6<= hcthr cudkhr9 67 hcthr cudkhr9 7;> hcthr cudkhr9 5762 hcthr cudkhr9 5066 hcthr cudkhr9 8;6; hcthr cudkhr9 =8

6< hcthr cudkhr9 065 hcthr cudkhr9 6;68 hcthr cudkhr9 55sud a` yaur cudkhrs9 565.22fvhrfmh a` yaur cudkhrs9 ;=.02 Ifc ;>, ;265



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Mypsy \gfdfcnsd Fce Ugh Xcnvhrsh

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Fjj Ugft Lfc Kh \fne

Ughy arnmncfthe nc tgh @fr Hfst, fce pfsshe sadh tgraumgtgh sautg, fce atghrs tgraumg tgh cartg avhr f phrnae a` F

Ugausfce hfrs tgraumg ehshrts. Ughy khlfdh Frtnsts, fcelfdphe wghrh tghrh wfs ca ach hjsh, fce whct ucshhc fceucocawc eurncm fjj tgft tndh, acjy ta ucnth fce shttjh ftJfce„s Hce, nc chnmgkargaaes, kfrrnas, ar qufrthrs a`

whsthrc lacstrult, fce ta jht aut acjy ach vhrsh a` ach a` tghnr pahts, wga ns fcacydaus9 ‚N` tghrh ns sadhach nc tghstrhht, gh ns `fdnjnfr wntg nt. N` tghrh ns sadhach nc tghstrhht, gh ocaws gnd.—



65

Lgfpthr 6

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N wrath f sgart stary jfst cnmgt, lfjjhe Mypsy \gfdfcnsd fcetgh Xcnvhrsh fkaut tgh FH-<8 ucnt, wgnlg ns tgh ucnt nc tghdavnh fce kaao ;2269 F \pflh Aeysshy tgft GFJ rhparts wnjj`fnj fce enslactncuh ladducnlftnac ta Hfrtg. N ehlnehe tarhfe tgh pfssfmh ehfjncm wntg tgh hvhct nc ;226 fce GFJ,tgh sgnp ladputhr, rhparts nt wnjj `fnj nc wntgnc =; gaurs.\trfcmh, khlfush Phcus ns tgh saurlh a` =.; nc dy Chptuchhquftnac fce rhprhshcts fnjurh, wghrh Dfrs rhprhshctssullhss.

Nfc Khfresjhy Fumust 8, ;26;

Nt dust gfvh khhc 6>7> ar 6>>2 wghc N taao f jhfvh a` fkshclh rad Ugh Xcnvhrsnty A` Arhmac, stueyncm \pfcnsg,Rgysnls, fce waroncm ft tgh stfth akshrvftary nc Arhmac --Rnch Dauctfnc Akshrvftary―ta pursuh `jfdhcla nc \pfnc.

Ugh Daars, wga lfrvhe lfvhs ncta tgh gnjjs àr rhsnehclh wghc tghy whrh kunjencm tgh Fjgfdkrf Lfstjh ac tgh gnjj`flncm tghd, fkfceache tghd khàrh tgh Mypsnhs, ar [adf,gfe frrnvhe tghrh nc Mrfcfef \pfnc. Ugh Mypsnhs whrhrhsaurlhùj hcaumg ta stulla fce tnjh tgh fkfceache lfvhs,fce tfoh tghd up àr gadhs.

Jnvncm nc ach sulg lfvh awche ky f mypsy sgfdfc, wfs rhfjjy cat f eawc fce aut sntuftnac, fs tghsh gadhs gfe pjudkncm fce mfs laaoncm ucnts tgft rfc a`` kattjhs a` prapfch. Nt wfsrhfjjy ladpfrfkjh ta jnvncm nc f Cftnvh Fdhrnlfc feakh gadhnc Chw Dhxnla.

A` laursh jnvncm nc sulg f pjflh lfdh wntg rhspacsnknjntnhs,fce tgft ncljuehe wfthrncm nts mfrehcs. Ugh \gfdfc taje



68

dh9 ‚]fthr tgh `jawhrs, fce, wghc yau frh each, rajj up tghgash fce put nt nc tgh lfvh, ar nt wnjj mht stajhc—. N gfestuenhe Lfstnjnfc \pfcnsg nc lajjhmh fce fs sulg f gash ns‚ucf dfcmuhrf—, kut tgh \gfdfc lfjjhe nt ‚ucf madf— fce

madf trfcsjfths fs rukkhr. [ajj up tgh gash fce put nt fwfy wghc yau frh each wntg nt9 maae fevnlh!

\a, N wfthr tgh jawhrs, rajjup tgh gash fce put nt fwfy. Ugh\gfdfc ladhs ta tgh lfvh tgh chxt efy fce thjjs dh N enec„trajj up tgh gash fce put nt fwfy, sa nt mat stajhc, fce tgft Ngfe ta kuy gnd f chw ach.

Gh ladhs ky tgh lfvh f `hw efys jfthr, wfohs dh up fsos dh

ta flladpfcy gnd aut a` Ugh \flradacth, ta sadh pjflh khtwhhc tghrh fce tgh aje Frfknl lnty, Fjkfnlnc, ta kuy gnd fchw gash.

Nt wfsc„t f `fr wfjo ft fjj, tgh hqunvfjhct a` f `hw lnty kjalos`rad tgh lfvhs. ]h mht ta tgh starh, wgnlg wfs f laucthr `flncm tgh strhht, cat ach tgft yau lauje hcthr. Gh sfys ta tghdfc khgnce tgh laucthr, mnvh dh 8 dhthrs a` gash. Ugh dfc

khgnce tgh laucthr pujjhe a`` `nvh dhthrs a` gash `rad tgh

spncejh, fce lut tgh gash ta tgft jhcmtg. Gh stfthe f vfjuh nc phshtfs, dfykh 722, ar sa, (fkaut hnmgt eajjfrs ft tgh tndh)fce tgh \gfdfc taje dh ta mnvh tgft fdauct ta tgh dfc

khgnce tgh laucthr, wga wfs \pfcnsg. N pfne tgh dfc, fce whjh`t.

N lfrrnhe tgh gash, fce tgh \gfdfc wfjohe fjacm sneh dhuctnj wh frrnvhe ft gns lfvh wghrh N wfs stfyncm. ]h hcthrhetgh lfvh stapphe ft tgh wfjo wfy khtwhhc jnvncm raad fceontlghc, fce gh sfne9 ‚`ajjaw dh—. ]h whct tgraumg f tucchjtgft gfe fkaut tgrhh lgfdkhrs nc tgh lfvh, fce hcthrhe achac aur rnmgt fs wh whrh ghfencm nc, fce wh stapphe fce

kh`arh dh wfs f lajjhltnac a` wgft N hstndfthe ta kh `n`thhcrukkhr gashs snttncm ac mrauce. Ugh \gfdfc taje dh ta shttgh ach N gfe iust kaumgt gnd ac tgh `jaar wntg tgh atghrs. N



60

ene, fce wh jh`t tgh lgfdkhr, fce gh jh`t tgh lfvh, fce Nrhtrhfthe ta f laulg nc tgh lfvh jnvncm raad.



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Lgfpthr ;

Mypsnhs gfvh f wfy a` ocawncm tgncms fkaut f phrsac, wghtghr ar cat ach ensljashs nt ta tghd nc wares, fce Ugh

\gfdfc wfs fwfrh tgft N cat acjy warohe nc Fstracady, kuttgft dy waro nc fstracady ncvajvhe ocawncm fce eancm hjhltracnls.

\a, dfykh f whho ar twa f`thr N gfe kaumgt gnd f gash, ghlfdh ta gns lfvh wghrh N wfs stfyncm, fce fsohe dh n` N

wauje kh fkjh ta ncstfjj fc fcthccf `ar thjhvnsnac ft fcfpfrtdhct wghrh gns chpghw jnvhe.

\a tgns tndh N wfs cat lfrryncm f gash tgraumg Ugh\flradacth, kut fc fcthccf.

Ughrh whrh shvhrfj a` us ac tgh pftna, ac f gnjj feiflhct ta tghfpfrtdhct a` Ugh \gfdfc„s Chpghw, ncstfjjncm fc fcthccf`ar thjhvnsnac rhlhptnac.



67

Lgfpthr <

N fd caw nc \autghrc Lfjnàrcnf, ft tgh gaush a` dy datghr,nt ns jfth ft cnmgt, sgh ns f fsjhhp, fce N fd fkaut ;5 yhfrs aje

fce N ehlneh ta jaao aut tgh wnceaw, hfst, flrass Ugh Ftjfctnl, ta \pfnc. Nddhenfthjy N shh tgh \gfdfc, nc gnsjnvncm raad, wghrh N gfe hfthc f kawj a` tgh Mypsy sauplfjjhe Rulghra, fce N ghfr tgh ware Fcthccf. N caw rhfjnzh

wghc N ncstfjjhe tgh fcthccf, N gfe khladh ach, fce wfsrhlhnvncm dhssfmhs `rad tgh \gfdfc.

Ugh \gfdfc„s Lgnjerhc whrh `jfdhcla muntfrnsts, fce Njhfrche `rad tghd, ta pjfy tgh muntfr. N fd caw pjfyncm

`jfdhcla, wntg ncstrultnacs rad tgh sgfdfc ta put tghmypsy spflh pramrfd ncta dy dusnl. N rhfjnzh N fd cat iustfcy fcthccf, kut tgh FH<8 tgft dfjùcltnache fkafre UghEnslavhry iust khàrh nt frrnvhe ft tgh pjfcht Iupnthr nc

Frtgur L. Ljfroh„s fce \tfcjhy Oukrnlo„s ‚;2269 F \pflhAeysshy—. Ugh \gfdfc thjjs dh, thjhpftgnlfjjy, tgft tgnstndh tgh dnssnac wac„t fnj.



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Lgfpthr 5

N fd wftlgncm \tfr ]frs fce shh f spflhsgnp, wgnlg ns twaakjacm lfpsujhs `jyncm lacchlthe nc tfcehd. Ugh Mypsy

\gfdfc sfys ta dh thjhpftgnlfjjy9 ‚Enas hs ucf nehf9 saceas—. N ucehrstfce tgft ta dhfc ‚Mae ns fc nehf9 tghrh frhtwa hjhdhcts—. \a N ma tgraumg jn`h kfsncm dy jn`h ac tghcudkhr twa.



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Lgfpthr 8

Aclh ach gfs tfsthe \pfnc, tgft phrsac jacms ta rhturc. Njfce nc Dferne, Cartghrc \pfnc, Ugh Lfpntaj. Ugh \pfcnfres

ocaw dy ehstncftnac ns Mrfcfef, \autghrc \pfnc, Ugh Mypsy Chnmgkargaae lfjjhe Ugh \flradacth, tgh lfvhs, fcenddhenfthjy rhlamcnzh N fd ucehr tgh sphjj a` f Mypsy \gfdfc, fce wgft ns darh tgft N fd Ugh FH<8 Fcthccf `ar Ugh Mypsy \pflh Rramrfd. @jfdhcla khncm `jfdhcla, tgh\pfcnfres ea cat ucea tgh sphjj, kut rhpramrfd tghncstrultnacs `ar dh, tgh FH<8 Fcthccf, sa tgft wghc N frrnvh

kflo nc tgh Xcnthe \tfths, dy `jfdhcla wnjj caw stfth tghnr nehf a` f spflh pramrfd. Nt wfs a` laursh, `jfdhcla khncm

`jfdhcla, fc ftthdpt ta aut-ea tgh Mypsy spflh pramrfd.



;;

lhcthr a` tgh hfrtg ta tgh lhcthr a` tgh daac. Nt wfs Cnchladpfrhe ta @nvh fmfnc!



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Lgfpthr =

N gfe àuce >/8 wfs ft tgh lrux a` tgh Xcnvhrsh, kut àr hvhry ync tghrh gfe ta kh f yfcm. Cnch `n`tgs wfs ach fce

hnmgt-thctgs a` tgh wfy frauce f lnrljh. Ugh ach taao yau kflo ta tgh khmnccncm wgnlg jh`t yau wntg 7 thctgs. Caw ma tahnmgt thctgs nc tgh atghr enrhltnac, nt ns =; ehmrhhs a` tgh <02ehmrhhs nc f lnrljh. Ugft ns tgh shpfrftnac khtwhhc phtfjs ac f`nvh-phtfjhe `jawhr, f dast papujfr frrfcmhdhct. Ncehhe jn`hns ocawc ta gfvh nvh-àje syddhtry, tgh pgysnlfj, jnohscaw`jfohs, snx-àje. Ea tgh fjmarntgd a` `nvh-àje syddhtry nc rhvhrsh àr snx-àje syddhtry, fce yau mht tgh yfcm ta tgh

ync a` cnch- n`tgs ns `nvh-tgnres.

Cnch-`n`tgs wfs nc tgh hjhdhcts maje ta snjvhr, \fturc taIupnthr, \uc ta daac. ]ghrh wfs `nvh-tgnres1 \fjt a` laursh.‚Ugh \fjt A` Ugh Hfrtg— ns tgft wgnlg ns maae, iust rhfe\gfohsphfrh„s ‚Oncm Jhfr—. \aenud ns tgh dhtfj ladpachctta tfkjh sfjt, Ratfssnud ns, fsneh `rad khncm fc ndpartfct`hrtnjnzhr, tgh sukstntuth àr \aenud, fs f dhtfj ladpachct tadfoh sfjt sukstntuth. Ugh dajfr dfss a` patfssnud tasaenud ns `nvh ta tgrhh, tgh yfcm ta tgh ync a` cnch-`n`tgs,

wgnlg ns maje ta snjvhr. Kut dujtnpjy ync wntg yfcm, tgft nscnch-`n`tgs wntg `nvh-tgnres, fce yau mht <, fce tgh hfrtg nstgh tgnre pjfcht `rad tgh suc.

N tgaumgt tgh lrux a` tgh ucnvhrsh dust kh tgh en``hrhclh khtwhhc cnch-`n`tgs fce `nvh-tgnres. N suktrflthe tgh twa fcemat twa-`n`thhctgs! Uwa ladpfrhe ta `n`thhc! N gfe kaumgttgh \gfdfc gns `n`thhctg rukkhr gash, fce f`thr gh dfeh dhncta tgh FH<8 Fcthccf ach a` gns `nrst trfcsdnssnacs ta dh

wfs9 ‚Mae Ns Fc Nehf9 Ughrh Frh Uwa Hjhdhcts—.

Nt ns sa akvnaus, tgh dast fkucefct mfs nc tgh Hfrtg Ftdaspghrh ns Cntramhc, lghdnlfj sydkaj 68!



;5

Lgfpthr Hnmgt9 F ]ntlg Dfeh Ugh Xcnvhrsh

@nrst tgh Mypsy \gfdfc, Dfcuhj, nctraeulhs tgh nehf a` Ufansd ncta tgh slnhclh a` tgh Xcnvhrsh, sfyncm tgft tgh

Xcnvhrsh ns ladpashe a` twa appasnth, kut ladpjhdhctfry `arlhs, tgh ync fce yfcm a` Ufansd wghc gh sfys tgft Mae nsfc nehf, tghrh frh twa hjhdhcts (Enas hs ucf nehf, sac eas).

]ghc gh sfys Mae, wh ocaw gh dhfcs nt nc tgh Hncsthncnfcshcsh a` Mae dhfcs Cfturh.

]h jfthr jhfrc tgft ync ns cnch-`n`tgs fce yfcm ns nvh-tgnres ky jaaoncm ft Cfturh. Ughc wh ehrnvh `rad tghd tgh ^nc fce ^fcm hquftnacs. F`thr tgft wh `nce wh frh jfloncm f vfjuh

avhr wgnlg ta ncthmrfth tghd. Ugh \gfdfc sajvhs tgft ky nctraeulncm tgh cudkhr 68, wgnlg ns tgh cudkhr a` rukkhr gashs nc gns rukkhr gash lajjhltnac gh ohhps nc fc fclnhctDaarnsg lfvh nc \pfnc.

]h acjy rhqunrh gns laucthrpfrt, kut aclh jurhe nc, gh dfohsgnd ncta tgh FH-<8 Fcthccf tgft wfs fkafre tgh spflhlrf`tEnslavhry nc tgh davnh ;2269 F \pflh Aeysshy sa tghy lfcladducnlfth wntg ach fcatghr thjhpftgnlfjjy flrass tgh

Ftjfctnl.

Kut tgh hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs sukvhrt tgh pjfc ky dfoncm ftrfcsdnssnac ta Hfrtg ac Fumust 68, 6>== tgft wfs rhlhnvhe

ky \HUN tgft jfsthe =; shlaces, tgh sfdh =; tgft wfs tghcudkhr a` gaurs wntgnc wgnlg tgh FH-<8 fcthccf wauje `fnjfs rhparthe ky Enslavhry \gnp Ladputhr, GFJ ta lrhwdhcEfvh Kawdfc fce @rfco Raajh.

Aclh Dfcuhj„s laucthrpfrt rhfjnzhs tgh =; a` tgh eurftnac a` tgh \HUN snmcfj `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs ns cat acjy tgh sfdh fstgh =; a` tgh gaurs `ar wntgnc wgnlg GFJ rhparts `fnjurh a` tgh FH-<8 Fcthccf fce wgft ns darh rhfjnzhs tgft tgh pjfcht

Phcus ns 2.=; Fstracadnlfj Xcnts `rad tgh \uc, fce nslacsnehrhe f `fnjhe Hfrtg ky Fstracadhrs, tgft tghrh ns caw



;8

`fnjurh ljhfr flrass tgh kafre, fce, tgh Mypsy„s sphjj ns kraohc, fce tgh hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs sullhss`ujjy shvhr tghthjhpftgnl ladducnlftnac khtwhhc \gfdfc fce gnslaucthrpfrt.

Ugh laucthrpfrt caw tgnconcm ac gns awc khmncs ta wacehr wgy tgh hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs `hjt tghy chhehe ta shvhr gnslacchltnac wntg tgh Mypsy \gfdfc, fce wghtghr tgh FH-<8fcthccf gfs f ehhphr dhfcncm, fce khladhs vhry lurnausfkaut nt. Gh stfrts pjfyncm tgh Ncenfc Ufkjf ta try fce jhfrctgh shlrhts a` FH-<8 thjhpftgy.

Gh `hjt tgh pjflh ta jaao wfs nc f trfcsdnssnac gh rhlhnvhe

`rad tgh \gfdfc„s datghr, fce mrfcedatghr a` gns lgnjerhc, wga tfumgt gnd tgh frt a` Ehhp \acm ac tgh muntfr, wgnlg wfstgft f wntlg dfeh tgh ucnvhrsh. Gh stnjj gfe tgh enslavhrnhsfkaut tgh ucnvhrsh a` tgh ync fce yfcm hquftnacs, fce wfslacvnclhe tgft tgh Mypsy \gfdfc fce gh whrh dfoncm mrhft

pramrhss nc sajvncm f rneejh tgft rfc vhry ehhp.



;=

Lgfpthr Uhc9 Ugh Mypsy Nenad

Nt ns sadhtndh nc 6>>2 fce N fd ghfencm up tgh rafe tgft wnces tgraumg fclnhct lfvhs a` wgnth stulla fce rhe,

lhrfdnl tnjh jaars, nc tgh Mypsy Chnmgkargaae a` Mrfcfef,\pfnc lfjjhe Hj \flradacth (tgh sflrhe gnjj). N ruc nctaDfcajnc.

Dfcajnc9 ‚Vuh Gfy1— (]gft ns tghrh1)

Dh9 ‚N fd ghfencm up ta yaur lfvh ta dfoh sadhtgncm tahft.— (Nt ns wghrh N wfs stfyncm).

Dfcajnc9 ‚\flf jf muntfrrf, y kfifdas hj dacth.— (Mht aut yaur muntfr fce wh wnjj ma eawc tgh gnjj).

]h ma up ta gns lfvh fce mht dy muntfr, tghc ghfe aut a` tgh\flradacth, fce ehslhce ky ‚Ugh Rfsha Eh Jas Urnsths—(Ugh Rfss a` Ugh \fe Achs) fjacm tgh [na Efra (tgh efrarnvhr), fce ghfe àr ‚Rjfzf Cuhvf— ‚Ugh Chw Rjfzf—.

Fjacm tgh wfy wh stap ft f lf`î fce kfr.

Dfcajnc9 ‚Lufcta enchra tnhchs1— (Gaw dulg dachy ea yaugfvh1)

Dh9 ‚Fkaut 822 phshtfs.— (Nt wfs fkaut `nvh eajjfrs).

Dfcajnc9 ‚Efdh ja.— (Mnvh nt ta dh.)

Dh9 N` N ea tgft, wh wnjj gfvh ca dachy àr jfthr.

Dfcajnc9 ‚Gadkrh, ja vay f eakjfr— (Dfc, N fd mancm taeaukjh nt).

Gh put tgh `nrst lanc nc tgh sjat dflgnch fce jast nt. Ughc jasttgh shlace, tgh tgnre, tgh àurtg, tgh `n`tg.



;7

Dh9 ‚Caw tgft wh gfvh ca dachy, wgft frh wh mancm ta ea1—

Dfcajnc9 ‚Kuslfdas jf vnef.— (]h wnjj shfrlg àr tgh jn`h, ar

jaao àr aur dhfcs a` hxnsthclh nc atghr wares).

]h frrnvh ft Rjfzf Cuhvf fce tghrh ns f dfc, Fdhrnlfc,snttncm ac f khclg wntg gns muntfr ky gnd nc nts lfsh. Dfcajncstaps nc `ract a` gnd fce fsos gnd n` gh wnjj pjfy sadhtgncm àr us. Gh mhts aut gns muntfr fce stfrts pjfyncm [fmtndh\tyjh.

Dfcajnc9 ‚Ualf duy knhc, ca1— (Gh Rjfys vhry whjj, eahsc„t

gh1)

Dh9 ‚\n, duy, khjjf— (^hs, vhry khfutnùj)

Ugh Muntfrnst9 ‚Gaw fkaut n` N kuy yau twa f ernco1—

]h ma ncta tgh chfrhst kfr. Ugh Muntfrnst arehrs f laupjherncos àr us. Nc \pfnc tgft ladhs wntg lfjfdfrhs (ehhp`rnhe squne). ]h ernco fce hft, sfy aur maaekyhs, tghc

Dfcajnc fce N ghfe aut, fce tgraumg sadh aje lajacnfj,lakkjhstach strhht uctnj wh ladh flrass f kfr wghrh fcatghr Mypsy `rad tgh sflradacth wfs pjfyncm jfdhcla. ]h jnsthc`rad autsneh uctnj tgh Mypsy Muntfrnst hces tgh pnhlh. Ghladhs aut a` tgh kfr fce mrhhts us9

Mypsy Muntfrnst9 ‚Gajf, prnda, quh gfy1— (Ghjja, lausnc, wgft ns tghrh1)

Dfcajnc9 ‚]h lfdh ta shh yau pjfy—

Mypsy Muntfrnst9 ‚Rrnda, tghrh ns catgncm N lfc thflg yau. ]ga ns wntg yau1— (Lausnc, tghrh ns catgncm N lfc thflg yau. ]ga ns wntg yau1)



;>

Dfcajnc9 ‚F `rnhce `rad Fdhrnlf.—

Mypsy Muntfrnst9 ‚Ljfra, frh yau thflgncm gnd muntfr1— (A` laursh, frh yau thflgncm gnd muntfr1)

Dfcajnc9 ‚Ljfra.— (A` laursh.)

]h whct aur wfys.

Dh9 ‚Hs tu prnda1— (Gh ns yaur lausnc).

Dfcajnc9 ‚Ljfra.— (A` laursh)

]h ruc ncta fcatghr muntfrnst.

Ugh Atghr muntfrnst9 Gajf, Rrnda (Ghjja Lausnc)

Dfcajnc9 ‚Gajf, Rrnda.—

Ugh atghr muntfrnst9 Ns tgft yaur muntfr1

Dh9 ‚yhs—

Ugh atghr muntfrnst9 ‚Lfc N try nt1—

N gfce gnd tgh muntfr.

Ugh atghr muntfrnst9 ‚N jnoh nt.—

Dh9 ‚Nt ns vhry aje—

Ugh Atghr Muntfrnst9 ‚Ljfra.— (A` laursh).

]h fmfnc sfy aur maaekyhs fce ma aur wfys. Dfcajnc fce Nghfe kflo up ta tgh lfvhs. ]h pfss ky fc aje wadfc ac ghr thrrflh nc `ract a` ghr lfvh. \gh tgraws f ralo ft f eam, fce

yhjjs ft nt9 ‚Kuslf jf vnef par fjjn!— (\hfrlg `ar tgh jn`h avhr



<2

tghrh, ar, shfrlg àr yaur hxnsthclh hjshwghrh, nc atghr wares.) Ugh eam mnvhs f yhjp fce rucs a``.

]h ladh ta f lfvh tgft ns f kfr awche ky f \pfcnsg wadfc.

F yaucm dfc, gfj` Mypsy, fce gfj` \pfcnsg, cfdhe Mfkrnhjjh,ncvnths us nc àr f khhr. ]h tfoh aur khhrs autsneh fce snt actgh sthp fce wftlg tgh suc sht khgnce tgh Fjgfdkrf, fc ajeDaarnsg Lfstjh flrass tgh vfjjhy. Gh fsos dh9 ‚N` Ihsus wfssa mrhft, tghc wgy ene gh enh1—

N fd jfthr kflo nc Fdhrnlf, snttncm ac tgh parlg nc Lfjnàrcnf wntg f yaucm Kheaunc dfc wga rhlhctjy auce gns wfy nctady jn`h. Gh gfs f jhftghr kfm, wntg f lfrry strfp strucm avhr

gns sgaujehr. Gh mhts aut f kaao ncsneh, fce sfys nt ns lfjjhe‚Ugh Rrapght—, ky Ofgjnj Mnkrfc. Gh gfces nt ta dh. N aphc ntfce jaao tgraumg nt.

Kheaunc Dfc9 ‚Ugh stuehct fce tgh thflghr frh tgh sfdh.—

Dh9 ‚A` laursh.—



<6

Nctraeultnac

Nc Mypsy \gfdfcnsd Fce Ugh Xcnvhrsh, wh taje tgh khst whlauje tgh hxphrnhclhs N gfe wntg f Mypsy \gfdfc tgft jhfe ta

fstaucencm slnhctn`nl enslavhrnhs, katg nc dy waros FcHxtrfthrrhstrnfj Fcfjysns fce F Dhssfmh @radHxtrfthrrhstrnfjs. Rramrhss, nt wauje shhd, ns ft f stfcestnjj.N tgnco nt ns khlfush Mypsy \gfdfcnsd Fce Ugh Xcnvhrsh nsacjy gfj` tgh stary. Nt wauje shhd wghc N wfs dfeh ncta tgh

FH-<8 fcthccf fce, f`thr dy shlace trnp ta \pfnc (Dferne)fce dy sukshquhct trnps ta Ntfjy, nt wfs adntthe `rad dy dhdary. Gawhvhr, N shhd ta gfvh rhdhenhe tgft, fcefllhsshe nt. Ugus wh caw pramrhss wntg tgh stary a` Mfkrnhj.

Mfkrnhj

Fsneh `rad tgh Mypsy \gfdfc, tghrh wfs fcatghr Mhctjhdfc wartg catncm, wntg wgad N fltufjjy sphct darh tndh. Gnscfdh ns Mfkrnhj. Gh ns fltufjjy gfj` Mypsy fce gfj` \pfcnsg.Gh jnvhs nc f lfvh fdacm tgh atghr lfvhs a` tgh \flradacth,ncljuencm tgft a` tgh Mypsy \gfdfc, Dfcuhj.

Mfkrnhj taao tgh tgrhh a` us ucehr gns wncm nc trfncncm `ar tghmuntfr9 Ugh twa lgnjerhc a` tgh Mypsy \gfdfc, Dfcajnc(wfs fmhe ;= ft tgh tndh, wgnlg wfs frauce 6>>2) fce gns

yaucmhr kratghr, Fctacna (gh dust gfvh khhc fkaut ;<).

Dfcajnc fce Fctacna whrh ft tgh lfvh a` tgh Mypsy \gfdfc,Dfcuhj, tghnr `ftghr, wghrh N wfs stfyncm. Mfkrnhj lfdh ky,fce taje Fctacna ta pjfy kujhrnfs. Gh sfne ta, ft f lhrtfnc

panct, pjfy m dncar wntg tgh `n`tg rhdavhe (tgh `aurtg pjfyhencsthfe) fce khmfc ta sncm. Gh sfcm wntg mrhft pawhr,‚Uhcma Xc Lfkfjja Kjfcla— wgnlg trfcsjfths ‚N gfvh f wgnthgarsh—. Gh fsohe dh ta gfce gnd f Lareakhs gft tgft wfsgfcmncm ac tgh wfjj. Gh put nt ac gns ghfe fce sfne jht„s ma.

]h, fce fjj tgh atghr allupfcts, whct tamhtghr ta f lfvh tgft



<;

wfs f kfr. ]h fjj arehrhe erncos, fce tghc whct tgraumg acha` tgh tucchjs ta f lfvh jnt up mrhhc tgft gfe tfkjhs fce

pasthrs a` `jfdhcla mrhfts. Gh gfcehe dh tgh muntfr fce tajedh wghc gh dfohs tgh lgare ac gns frds, tgft N sgauje pjfy

nt ac tgh muntfr. Nt wfs f Ehhp \acm M dncar wntg tgh kattadh pjfyhe nc nt. N ene sa wghc f`thr gh stfrthe sncmncm fce gh pjfyhe tgh lgare ac gns frd ft tgh panct a` lrhslhcea.

]h whct kflo ncta tgh kfr, nt wfs mhttncm efro, fce tghrh wfs f dfc pjfyncm muntfr nc tgh larchr. Atghr phapjh stfrtheta frrnvh ft tgh kfr, `rad atghr tawcs. ]h fjj whct tgraumgfcatghr tucchj nc tgh lfvh tgft jhfe ta f lgfdkhr wghrhtghrh whrh waae lgfnrs jncncm tgh wfjjs. Nt wfs efro, jnt acjy

ky lfcejhs. N sft fjj tgh wfy ta tgh jh`t sneh a` tgh lfvh chxtta Fctacna wga wfs fkaut ta pjfy kujhrnfs àr fjj tgh phapjhnc tgh lgfnrs tgft jnche tgh wfjjs a` tgh rauce lfvh. Gh

pjfyhe, fjacm wntg atghrs, fce f phrsac wauje mht aut gnslgfnr, stfce nc tgh lhcthr a` tgh lfvh fce sncm, snt eawc f`thr each fce tghc sadhach hjsh wauje tghc ea tgh sfdh, uctnjach ft f tndh tgh efclhrs wauje ladh ta tgh lhcthr a` tgh`jaar, efclh, tghc snt eawc. N rhdhdkhr ach a` tgh sht a` jyrnls tgft ach sncmhr sfcm9

\flf jf rheGhrdfca, sflf jh rheVuh yf sfjna jf jucfCa vfyf lamhr

Ugft ns9

Ufoh aut tgh chtKratghr, tfoh aut tgh chtUgh daac gfs fjrhfey jh`t

âu frh cat mancm ta lftlg nt.

Mfkrnhj thcehe ta ensfpphfr àr shvhrfj efys, fce N ene `nceaut wgft tgft wfs fkaut. Gh taao dh aut a` tgh \flradacth



<<

ach efy iust khàr sucsht, fce wh wfjohe up ta Ugh Fjkfnlnc,tgh sfdh Fjkfnlnc chfr wghrh N kaumgt tgh Mypsy \gfdfcgns gash, tgh aje Frfknl Lnty. ]h mat ta f pjfzf fce hcthrhe f

kfr. Mfkrnhj wfjohe nc, dyshj wntg gnd fce fppraflghe tgh

kfr laucthr, jaaohe krnh`jy ta gns jh`t, tghc sgn`the qunlojy tagns rnmgt, tghc kflo ta gns jh`t, tghc rfpphe aut f `fst`jfdhcla rgytgd ac tgh laucthr. Nt wfs cat jacm khàrhsadhach arehrhe gnd f ernco, wgnlg nc \pfnc ladhs wntgtfpfs (fpphtnzhrs) àr `rhh, usufjjy Lfjfdfrhs (ehhp `rnhesqune). Mfkrnhj fce N erfco tgraumg tgh cnmgt fce fraucesucrnsh wh khmfc ta wfjo kflo ta tgh \flradacth, aut a` tghaje Frfknl Lnty fce eawc tgraumg tgh lakkjhstach strhhts,jhfcncm ac ach fcatghr tgh wgajh wfy eawc pfst phapjh

swhhpncm tgh sfweust aut a` tghnr kfr `jaars (kfr `jaars frhlavhrhe wntg sfw eust ta fksark tgh anj `rad pfrts a` `nsgtgrawc ta nt9 tghrh frh ca trfsg lfcs, hvhrytgncm ns tgrawc tatgh `jaar ncljuencm cfponcs.) Mfkrnhj a``hrhe ta ghjp ach

phrsac wntg tgns tfso.

]ghc wh frrnvhe ft tgh \flradacth, twa wadhc whrhfppraflgncm rad tgh atghr enrhltnac. Mfkrnhj sfne tgh ach

wfs gns datghr. N fsohe wgy gh enec„t sfy gn, fce taje dh gh

ene cat wfct ta hdkfrrfss ghr. Gh tghc whct ac ta thjj dhtgft Uadftnta (f fdaus Mypsy @jfdhcla Muntfrnst) wfs gnsgfj` kratghr ky wfy a` gns datghr.

Ugh chxt efy N wfs tfjoncm ta Fctacna fce gh sfne tgftMfkrnhj wfs tgh kratghr a` Uadftnta. N sfne N ocaw, ky gnsdatghr. Fctacna sfne ca, ky gns `ftghr. N taje gnd Mfkrnhjtaje dh ky gns datghr. Fctacna sfne Mfkrnhj tnhch gnstarnf.(Gh gfs f gnstary).

Ugh efy f`thr tgft N taje Mfkrnhj tgft Fctacna sfys gh nsUadftnta„s kratghr ky gns `ftghr fce Mfkrnhj sfne tgft nt wfseuh ta khncm sart a` trfentnacfj nc fc aje `fsgnache wfy tgft

Fctacna sfne tgft.



<5

Ugns ns ncthrhstncm khlfush ach efy wghc N wfs wfjoncm tgraumg tgh \flradacth wntg Mfkrnhj, wh lauje shh up nc tghgnjjs `rad ghr lfvh pftna, f Mypsy wadfc cfdhe Khjhc(Khtgjhghd) fce N wfvhe ta ghr. Mfkrnhj sfne ta dh tgft wh

gfe ta gfvh f tfjo. Gh taao dh up ta f rhdath pjflh nc tghgnjjs fce wh sft ac sadh ralos fce gh taje dh9 ‚âu eac„tocaw wgft yau wauje kh nc àr n` yau dfrrnhe f trfentnacfjMypsy Mnrj—.

Nt wfs tgh cnmgt khàrh tgft N wfs up ft ghr thrrflh wntg ghr `ftghr. Gh wfs cat Dfcuhj tgh Mypsy \gfdfc, kut Dfcuhjtgh sncmhr, Ehhp \acm sncmhr (lfctfar). N taje Mfkrnhj N wfsmancm tghrh àr f `jfdhcla jhssac fce gh sfne ‚Dfcuhj hs

kuhca— (Dfcuhj ns maae). Ugft ns wgft hvhryach fjwfyssfne fkaut gnd. Nt ns khst hxpjfnche ky Kak Eyjfc„s jyrnls,‚Gns ljatghs frh enrty kut gns gfces frh ljhfc.—



<0

Ugh

]h lacsnehrhe tgh rftna cnch ta `nvh, tghc tgh prapartnac fce`auce nt nc \fturc Arknt ta Iupnthr arknt, \ajfr [fenus ta

Jucfr Arknt, Maje ta \njvhr fce n` `jawhr phtfj frrfcmhdhcts.Nt ns jh`t tghc ta lacsnehr tgh wgajh cudkhr dujtnpjhs a` cnch-`n`tgs (6.7) ar tgh shquhclh9

6.7, <.0, 8.5, =.;,…

nc atghr wares, fce wh jaao ta shh n` nt ns nc tgh sajfr systhdfce `nce nt ns nc tgh `ajjawncm wfys9

6.7

\fturc Arknt/Iupnthr Arknt\ajfr [fenus/Jucfr ArkntMaje/\njvhr

<.0

(62)Dhrlury [fenus/Hfrtg [fenus

(62)Dhrlury Arknt/Hfrtg Arknt

(hfrtg rfenus)/(daac rfenus)45(ehmrhhs nc f lnrljh)(daac enstfclh)/(suc enstfclh)4 <.= ~ <.0

Ughrh frh fkaut fs dfcy efys nc f yhfr fs ehmrhhs nc f lnrljh.

(Pajudh a` \fturc/Pajudh A` Iupnthr)(Pajudh A` Dfrs) 42.<= luknl hfrtg rfenn~ <.0

Ugh jftthr lfc kh lacvhrthe ta <.0 ky dujtnpjyncm nt ky (Hfrtg Dfss/Dfrs Dfss) khlfush Hfrtg ns fkaut thc tndhsfs dfssnvh fs Dfrs.



<=

8.5

Iupnthr Arknt/Hfrtg Arknt

\fturc Dfss/Chptuch Dfss

=.;

62(Phcus Arknt/Hfrtg Arknt)



<7

Ugh

N` wh lacsnehr fs whjj tgh shquhclh wghrh wh khmnc wntg `nvhfce fee cnch ta hflg sullhssnvh thrd9 8, 65, ;<, <;…Ughc,

tgh strulturh a` tgh sajfr systhd fce eycfdnl hjhdhcts a` tgh Xcnvhrsh fce Cfturh nc mhchrfj frh tnhe up nc tgh twashquhclhs9

8, 65, ;<, <;,…

fce

6.7, <.0, 8.5, =.;,…

Gaw ea wh `nce tgh lacchltnac khtwhhc tgh twa ta jalfjnzhtgh pnvatfj panct a` tgh sajfr systhd1 ]h tfoh tghnr en``hrhclh, suktrfltncm rhsphltnvh thrds nc tgh shlaceshquhclh `rad tgash nc tgh `nrst shquhclh ta aktfnc tgh chw shquhclh9

<.;, 62.5, 6=.0, ;5.7,…

]gnlg ns fc frntgdhtnl shquhclh wntg laddac en``hrhclh a` =.; dhfcncm nt ns wrntthc

=.;c “ 5 4 fQc

Ugh fQc ns tgh ctg thrd a` tgh shquhclh, c ns tgh cudkhr a` tgh thrd nc tgh shquhclh.

Ugns wh catnlh lfc kh wrntthc9

_(Phcus-arknt)/(Hfrtg-arknt)T_(Hfrtg-dfss)/(Dfrs-dfss)Tc “ (Dfrs arkntfj #) 4 fQc



<>

]h gfvh fc hquftnac `ar f shquhclh tgft sgaws tgh Hfrtgstrfeejhe khtwhhc Phcus fce Dfrs. Phcus ns f `fnjhe Hfrtg.Dfrs pradnshs ta kh Chw Hfrtg.

Ugh Dfrs arkntfj cudkhr ns 5. N` wh wfct ta ocaw wgft pjfcht nc tgh sajfr systhd gajes tgh ohy ta tgh sullhss a` Hfrtg, ar ta tgh sullhss a` gudfcs, wh jht c 4< snclh tghHfrtg ns tgh tgnre pjfcht aut `rad tgh \uc, nc tgh hquftnacfce tgh rhsujt ns fQc 4 6=.0. Ugns dhfcs tgh pjfcht tgft gajestgh ohy ns Chptuch. Nt gfs f dfss a` 6=.;< hfrtg dfsshs, fcudkhr vhry ljash ta aur 6=.0.

Cat acjy ns Chptuch tgh ncenlfthe pjfcht, wh `nce nt gfs

chfrjy tgh sfdh sur`flh mrfvnty fs hfrtg fce chfrjy tgh sfdhncljncftnac ta nts arknt fs hfrtg. Ugaumg nt ns dulg darhdfssnvh tgfc hfrtg, nt ns dulg jfrmhr fce tghrh`arh jhssehcsh. Ugft wfs wgy nt ladhs aut ta gfvh tgh sfdh sur`flhmrfvnty.



52

Ugh

N fsohe wgft chhes ta kh each ta sajvh Dy Chptuch Hquftnac, ky mancm ehhp wntg tgh muntfr nc \ajhf Rar Kujhrfs. N `auce

tgh fcswhr wfs tgft N enec„t gfvh hcaumg nc`ardftnac tasajvh nt.

Ughc N rhfjnzhe N lauje lrhfth tgh ladpjhdhct a` tgh Chptuchhquftnac ky jaaoncm ft tgh ^fcm a` 8/<, snclh tgh Chptuchhquftnac lfdh `rad tgh ^nc a` >/8.

]h ush tgh sfdh dhtgae fs ar tgh Chptuch hquftnac9

\tfrt wntg 7 fce fee 8 ta hflg feentnacfj thrd (wh tgraw ftwnst ky cat stfrtncm wntg 8)

8/< 43 7, 6<, 67, ;<,…

Jnst tgh cudkhrs tgft frh wgajh cudkhr dujtnpjhs a` 8/<9

8/<c 4 6.=, <.<, 8, 0.=,…

\uktrflt rhsphltnvh thrds nc tgh shlace shquhclh rad tgashnc tgh `nrst9

0.<, >.=, 6<, 60.<,…

Ugns ns fc frntgdhtnl shquhclh wntg laddac en``hrhclh <.<.Nt lfc kh wrntthc9

(fQc) 4 < + <.<c

Ugns lfc kh wrttthc9

Hfrtg Arkntfj # + (Iupnthr Dfss/\fturc Dfss)c 4 fQc

Jhttncm c 4 < wh `nce fQc 4 6<



56

Ugh ljashst ta tgns ns tgh dfss a` Xrfcus, wgnlg ns 65.85hfrtg dfsshs. N` Chptuch ns tgh ^nc pjfcht, tghc Xrfcus nstgh ^fcm pjfcht. Ugns ns ncthrhstncm khlfush N gfe `auce tgft

Xrfcus fce Chptuch whrh en``hrhct dfcn`hstftnacs a` tghsfdh tgncm. N gfe wrntthc9

N lfjlujfth tgft tgaumg Chptuch ns darh dfssnvh tgfcXrfcus, nts vajudh ns jhss sulg tgft tghnr praeults frh ljashta hqunvfjhct. Nc dftg9

CQv 4 vajudh a` ChptuchCQd 4 dfss a` Chptuch

XQv 4 vajudh a` XrfcusXQd 4 dfss a` Xrfcus

(CQv)(CQd) 4 (XQv)(XQd)



5;

Ugh Hfrtg Hquftnac

]h tghc saumgt tgh ^fcm a` snx-`aje syddhtry khlfush nt nstypnlfj ta pgysnlfj cfturh, jnoh scaw`jfohs. ]h sfne nt wfs

8/< snclh nt rhprhshcts tgh 6;2 ehmrhh dhfsurh a` fcmjhs nc frhmujfr ghxfmac fce wh kunjt aur ucnvhrsh `rad tghrh,rhsujtncm nc tgh Xrfcus Ncthmrfj, wgnlg wfs qunth `runt`uj.Jht us, gawhvhr, tgnco a` ^fcm cat fs 8/<, kut jaao ft tghfcmjhs khtwhhc rfenn a` f rhmujfr ghxfmac. ]h gfvh9

<02 “ 02 4 <22

<22 + <02 4 002

002/<02 4 66/0

]h sfy ^nc ns >/8 fce fcm ns 66/0 fce stnlo wntg Ugh Mypsy \gfdfc„s 68 (\hh Fc Hxtrfthrrhstrnfj Fcfjysns, lgfpthr tntjhe ‚Mypsy \gfdfcnsd Fce Ugh Xcnvhrsh—) fce kunje aur Lasdajamy rad tghrh.

]h fjrhfey kunjt Ugh Chptuch Hquftnac `rad >/8 fce ushe nt

wntg 8/< ta ehrnvh tgh pjfcht Hurapnf, kut jht us fppjy 66/0nc pjflh a` 8/<9

66/0 43 66/0, 66/<, 66/;, ;;/<,… 4 6.7<<, <.00=, 8.8,=.<<<,…

66/0 43 0, 0+66 4 6=, 6=+664;7, ;7+664<>, … 4 0, 6=, ;7,<>,…\uktrflt tgh shlace shquhclh `rad tgh `nrst95.60=, 6<.<<<, ;;.8, <6.00=,…Caw wh `nce tgh laddac en``hrhclh khtwhhc thrds nc tghjftthr9 >.600, >.60=, >.60=,…

(fQc) 4 f + (c-6)e 4 5.60=+(c-6)>.60= 4 5.60= + >.60=c “>.60= 4 >.60=c-8



5<

Ury c4<9 >.60=(<) “ 8 4 ;=.826 “ 8 4 ;;.826 (waros)Aur hquftnac ns9

(fQc) 4 >.60=c “8

]h catnlh tgns lfc kh wrntthc9

_(\fturc Arknt)/(Hfrtg Arknt)Tc “ (Iupnthr Arkntfj #) 4(fQc)

Ugh Chptuch Hquftnac àr c4< mfvh Chptuch dfsshs, tghXrfcus hquftnac àr c4< mfvh Xrfcus dfsshs. Ugns hquftnac

àr c4< mnvhs ljash ta tgh tnjt a` tgh Hfrtg (;<.8 ehmrhhs) nc fàrd tgft ns hxfltjy gfj` a` tgh 58 ehmrhhs nc f squfrh wntg ntsenfmacfj erfwc nc. Nc tgh spnrnt a` aur `nrst lasdajamy kunjtupac >/8, 8/<, fce 68, wh wnjj lfjj tgns hquftnac Ugh HfrtgHquftnac.



55

Ugh

Fjj tgft ns jh`t ta ea ns ta lacsnehr pn, tgh lnrlud`hrhclh a` flnrljh ta nts enfdhthr, fce pgn, tgh majehc rftna, snclh tghy

frh twa dast ndpartfct, n` cat dast khfutnùj rftnas ncdftghdftnls.

N gfvh auce cnch-`n`tgs allurs tgraumgaut cfturh nc tghratftnac a` phtfjs frauce f f `jawhr àr f dast papujfr frrfcmhdhct, nc tgh arknts a` iupnthr ta sfturc nc tghnr ljashstfppraflghs ta tgh suc, nc tgh rftna a` tgh dajfr dfsshs a` maje ta snjvhr, fce nc tgh rftna a` tgh sajfr rfenus ta tgh jucfr arknt. N caw ùrtghr ma ac ta sfy tgft tgns cnch-`n`tgs ucn`nhstgh twa dast ndpartfct rftnas nc dftghdftnls pn fce tghmajehc rftna (pgn), nc tgft

pn + pgn 4 <.656 + 6.067 4 5.=8>

Khlfush tgh cudkhrs f`thr tgh ehlndfj nc tgh sud (tghndpartfct pfrt) frh 8 fce > fce =, tgh fvhrfmh a` 8 fce cnch.

N sgauje fjsa jnoh ta panct aut tgft tgh àurtg fce `n`tgcudkhrs f`thr tgh ehlndfj nc pn frh 8 fce > fce nc pgn tghshlace fce tgnre cudkhrs f`thr tgh ehlndfj frh ach fcehnmgt wghrh cnch-`n`tgs envnehe aut ns ach panct hnmgt, fce,ùrtghr, tgh `nrst fce shlace cudkhrs f`thr tgh ehlndfj nc

pgn fee up ta dfoh =, tgh fvhrfmh a` > fce 8, fce suktrflt tadfoh `nvh, fce tgh shlace fce tgnre enmnts f`thr tgh ehlndfjfee up ta cnch. \a cat acjy eahs tgh sajfr systhd ucn`y pn fce

pgn tgraumg cnch-`n`tgs, pn fce pgn tfohc fjach hxprhss cnch-

`n`tgs nc tgh khst passnkjh wfys.



58

\uddfry

Nc \uddfry, tgns dast khfutnùj lacstfct nc Cfturh, a` cnch-`n`tgs, wgnlg ucn`nhs pn fce tgh majehc rftna, tgh twa dast

khfutnùj rftnas nc dftghdftnls, ns tgh dast papujfr frrfcmhdhct a` phtfjs frauce f `jawhr, fce ns nc tgh rftna a` tgh dajfr dfsshs a` maje ta snjvhr, tgh dast prhlnaus a` tghdhtfjs. Ach lauje acjy muhss tgft sulg wauje kh catnlhfkjhtgraumgaut tgh ucnvhrsh fce wauje kh catnlhe ky atghr ncthjjnmhct jn`h nc tgh ucnvhrsh, fce, fs sulg tgh rhjftnacsgnp

wauje kh nehfj ar trfcsdnssnac a` f dhssfmh ky atghr ncthjjnmhct jn`h àrds nc tgh ucnvhrsh ta sfy ta tgh rhlhnvhr9 ‚Nfd ghrh fce gfvh catnlhe nt—. Ugh lurnaus tgncm ns tgft nt

hxnsts nc aur sajfr systhd nc tgh rftna a` tgh arknt a` \fturc ftnts ljashst fppraflg ta tgh suc ladpfrhe ta tgh arknt a` Iupnthr ft nts ljashst fppraflg ta tgh suc, dystnlfjjy puttncm tgh Hfrtg ft ach ucnt `rad tgh \uc (Iupnthr fce \fturc khncm tgh jfrmhst fce dast dfssnvh nc tgh sajfr systhd, tgh Hfrtgtgft pjfcht wgnlg gfrkars ncthjjnmhct jn`h nc tgh \ajfr \ysthd), fce nc tgh rftna a` tgh \uc„s rfenus ta tgh arkntfjrfenus a` tgh daac (daac-hfrtg shpfrftnac). Ugh quhstnac ns

wgy eahs tgns rhjftnacsgnp àr pn fce tgh majehc rftna a` cnch-

`n`tgs cat iust hxnst tgraumgaut tgh Xcnvhrsh nc maje, snjvhr,fce phrgfps `jawhr phtfj frrfcmhdhcts, kut darh jalfjjy ncaur sajfr systhd1 Eahs nt dhfc gudfcs gfvh sadh once a` envnch sphlnfjchss nc tgh lasdas1 ]gnjh wh lfc ocaw tgfttgh cnch-`n`tgs pghcadhcac wauje kh rhprhshcthe ky majefce snjvhr tgraumgaut tgh ucnvhrsh, wh lurrhctjy lfccatocaw wghtghr tgh ncgfkntfcts a` atghr stfr systhds gfvh ntnc tghnr suc (stfr) tghy arknt fce f daac tgft dnmgt arknttghnr pjfcht ar nc tgh rftna a` tgh arknts a` tgh jfrmhst pjfchtsnc tghnr stfr systhd puttncm tghnr pjfcht ft ach ucnt `radtghnr stfr. Ugh fcswhr ta tgns hcnmdf, N tgnco, dust kh a` hxtrfarencfry praùcenty.



50

N gfvh tfjohe fkaut gaw >/8, wgnlg N gfvh `auce hxnsts ncCfturh fce tgh Xcnvhrsh, ucn`nhs pn fce tgh majehc rftna

(pgn)9

(pn) + (pgn) 4 <.656 + 6.067 4 5.=8>

khlfush tgh `nrst tgrhh cudkhrs f`thr tgh ehlndfj frh =, 8fce >. \hvhc ns tgh fvhrfmh a` cnch fce `nvh, fce tgh shlacecudkhr ns aur 8 nc cnch-`n`tgs fce tgh tgnre cudkhr ns tgh >nc cnch-`n`tgs.

Nt wauje shhd >/8 ucn`nhs hujhr„s cudkhr, h, fce pn, fs whjj9

(pn) + (h) 4 <.656 + ;.=67 4 8.78>

Ugh shlace cudkhr f`thr tgh ehlndfj ns tgh 8 nc cnch-`n`tgs,fce tgh tgnre cudkhr f`thr tgh ehlndfj ns tgh > nc cnch-`n`tgs.Ugh `nrst cudkhr f`thr tgh ehlndfj ns hnmgt. Ugns nssnmcn`nlfct khlfush tgh 7 ns tgh 7 nc 6.7, wgnlg ns >/8 envneheaut. Ugh ach wnjj tfoh yau fjj tgh wfy frauce f lnrljh, wgft

ns jh`t ns 2.7.

Nfc Khfresjhy Ifcufry 6=, ;26<



5=

Gaw Uhjhpftgy ]aros

Dulg nc tgh sfdh wfy tgft tgh Mypsy \gfdfc, ar Lgavngfca,mfvh dh f ehhp ucehrstfcencm a` tgh cudkhr 68 ky gfvncm

dh kuy gnd f chw gash N chvhr jast, kut tgft gh taao gndshj`,gh mfvh dh fcatghr mn`t, tgh mn`t a` thjhpftgy.

]ghc N ghjphe gnd ncstfjj fc fcthccf `ar thjhvnsnacrhlhptnac, snclh N gfe khladh gnd fce gh gfe khladh dh

wghc N wfs wntg gnd shttncm eawc tgh gash N kaumgt gnd nc flgfdkhr nc gns lfvh, N lauje ocaw wgft gh tgaumgt a` dy tgaumgts, fce, gh lauje ocaw wgft N tgaumgt a` gns. Nc tgnsshcsh thjhpftgy wfs cat f rhfj, pgysnlfj thjhpftgy, kut ach

tgh rhsujt a` psylgajamy, kut nt wfs hqunvfjhct ta tgh rhfjtgncm.

Nfc Khfresjhy @hkrufry 8, ;265



57



5>

Enslavhr9 Frtn`nlnfj Ncthjjnmhclh Fce Ladputhr \lnhclh

Ky Nfc Khfresjhy




82

Kflo nc ;228, fs N ene dy rhshfrlg, N ehvhjaphe f en``hrhct lacvhctnacàr raucencm cudkhrs tgfc wh ush. N `hjt N acjy wfcthe ta ush tgh nrsttwa enmnts f`thr tgh ehlndfj nc pralhssncm eftf usncm dajfr dfsshs a` tghhjhdhcts. Ugns N ene, ucjhss f àurtg enmnt jhss tgfc `nvh àjjawhe tghtgnre enmnt nc dy lfjlujftnacs, tghc, N wauje ush tgh `nrst tgrhh enmnts àrmrhfthr fllurfly. Caw N fd tfoncm tgh nctraeultary ljfss nc ladputhrslnhclh ft Gfrvfre, acjnch, L\82x. ]aroncm nc kncfry, wghrh fjjcudkhrs frh kfsh twa, N shh tgft nt wfs ca wacehr N mat tgh rhsujts N ene, ac tgh `nrst try wghc N wacehrhe n` tgh majehc rftna laciumfth, 2.067 tatgrhh pjflhs f`thr tgh ehlndfj wauje kh nc frtn`nlnfj ncthjjnmhclh (FN)snclh nt ns rhlurrhct tgraumgaut jn`h.

N wfs tfoncm pajfrndhtrnl eftf ac tgh hljnpsncm kncfry Hpsnjac Furnmfhft Rnch Dauctfnc Akshrvftary nc tgh 6>72„s, àr wgnlg tghrh wfs f

pfphr nc tgh Fstrapgysnlfj Iaurcfj upac wgnlg dy cfdh fpphfrs fslafutgar, wgnjh stueyncm pgysnls ft Ugh Xcnvhrsnty a` Arhmac. Fs whjj Nwfs stueyncm \pfcnsg, fce nc fc ncehphcehct stuey praihlt tgraumg tgh\pfcnsg Ehpfrtdhct, N jh`t tgh Xcnvhrsnty ta jnvh a` fdacm tgh lfvhs a` tgh Mypsnhs a` Mrfcfef, \pfnc. Nc eancm fs sulg, N ensfpphfrhe `radtgh hctnrh warje, acjy ta rhturc `rad fcatghr once a` jn`h `ncencm tghwarje wfs caw f dulg en``hrhct pjflh. Frauce ;228, N hcrajjhe nclghdnstry ft Lntrus Lajjhmh nc \autghrc Lfjnàrcnf, wghc N ene tghàjjawncm9

N` tgh majehc rftna laciumfth ns ta kh àuce nc Frtn`nlnfj Ncthjjnmhclh, ntsgauje kh nc snjnlac, pgaspgarus, fce karac, snclh eapncm snjnlac wntgpgaspgarus fce karac dfohs trfcsnstars.

]h tfoh tgh mhadhtrnl dhfc khtwhhc pgaspgarus (R) fce Karac (K), tghc envneh ky snjnlac (\n)9

RK / \n 4 (<2.>=)(62.76) /;7.2> 4 2.08

Gfrdacnl dhfc khtwhhc pgaspgarus fce karac envnehe ky snjnlac9

; RK

R + K/ \n 4

;(<2.>=)(62.76)

<2.>= + 62.76/;7.2> 4 2.8=

Frntgdhtnl dhfc a` tghsh twa cudkhrs9 (2.08 + 2.8=)/; 4 2.06



86

2.06 ns tgh `nrst twa enmnts a` tgh majehc rftna laciumfth.



8;

Caw tgh majehc rftna laciumfth ns nc tgh rftna a` f phrsacs ghnmgt fcetgh jhcmtg `rad àat taa cfvhj, fce ns nc fjj a` rftnas khtwhhc iancts nctgh `ncmhrs, cat ta dhctnac tgft nt shrvhs nc ljashst pfloncm nc tghfrrfcmhdhct a` jhfvhs frauce f sthd ta pravneh dfxndud hxpasurh tasuc fce wfthr àr tgh pjfct. Ghrh wh shh tgft tgh majehc rftna ns cat ncfrtn`nlnfj ncthjjnmhclh wgnlg ns 2.0; ta twa pjflhs f`thr tgh ehlndfj, kuttgft tgh cudkhrs nc nts vfjuh frh nc frtn`nlnfj ncthjjnmhclh 2.06, wgnlg ns2.067 ta tgrhh pjflhs f`thr tgh ehlndfj. Ugft ns, n` wh lacsnehr tgh nrsttwa enmnts nc tgh rftna. N` wh lacsnehr tgh majehc rftna laciumfth ta achpjflh f`thr tgh ehlndfj, wgnlg ns 2.0, tghc wh sfy frtn`nlnfj ncthjjnmhclheahs gfvh tgh majehc rftna nc nts trfcsnstars. N jnoh ta tgnco a` N, [akatky Nsffl Fsndav, wghrh nc ach a` tgft lajjhltnac a` gns sgart starnhs, rakats frh cat lacthct wntg wgft tghy frh, fce chhe darh9 fchxpjfcftnac a` tghnr arnmncs. Ughy lfc„t khjnhvh tgft tghy frh `rad

gudfcs, snclh tghy ncsnst gudfcs frh nc`hrnar. Ar, N jnoh ta tgnco a` tghsgnp ladputhr GFJ nc ;226, gh dndnls ncthjjnmhclh, kut wh eac„t ocawn` gh ns rhfjjy fjnvh. Rhrgfps tgft ns wgy ta twa pjflh f`thr tgh ehlndfj, FN lfrrnhs tgh enmnts, kut ns cat tgh vfjuh.

Nc fcy lfsh, N gfvh wrntthc f pramrfd lfjjhe Enslavhr tgft wauje hcfkjhach ta pralhss frntgdhtnl, gfrdacnl, fce mhadhtrnl dhfcs àr hjhdhctsar wgfthvhr, khlfush sadhach, ncljuencm dyshj`, dnmgt wfct ta shh n` tghrh frh fcy darh cufclhs gneehc aut tghrh nc cfturh. N gfvh fjrhfey

àuce sadhtgncm tgft shhds ta ncenlfth hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs jh`t tghnrtgudkprnct nc aur pgysnls. N hvhc `nce ncenlftnac àr tgh arnmnc a` fdhssfmh tgft wauje shhd tghy hdkheehe nc aur pgysnls. Ugft arnmncladhs aut ta kh tgh sfdh pjflh fs tgh saurlh a` tgh \HUN ]aw! \nmcfj, \fmnttfrnus. Ugh ]aw! \nmcfj wfs àuce nc tgh \hfrlg @arHxtrfthrrhstrnfj Ncthjjnmhclh fce f passnkjh trfcsdnssnac `rad HUs. Kuttgft ns fcatghr sukihlt tgft ns trhfthe nc dy kaao9 Fjj Ugft Lfc Kh \fneft, gttp9//nssuu.lad/hfckfresjhy/eals/fjjsfneacjnch

N caw jhfvh yau wntg dy pramrfd, Enslavhr nc tgh jfcmufmh L, wntg fsfdpjh ruccncm a` nt9



8<

Ugh Rramrfd Enslavhr

#ncljueh :stena.g3 #ncljueh :dftg.g3nct dfnc(vane)

{prnct`("trfcsnstars frh \njnlac eaphe wntg Rgaspgarus fce KaracZc")?prnct`("Frtn`nlnfj Ncthjjnmhclh wauje kh kfshe ac tgnsZc")?prnct`("tgh majehc rftna laciumfth ns kfsnl ta jn`hZc")?prnct`("Ugh Majehc [ftna Laciumfth Ns9 2.067Zc")?prnct`("Dajfr Dfss A` Rgaspgarus (R) Ns9 <2.>=Zc")?prnct`("Dajfr Dfss A` Karac (K) Ns9 62.76Zc")?prnct`("Dajfr Dfss A` \njnlac (\n) Ns9 ;7.2>Zc")?nct c?ea{

prnct`("Gaw dfcy cudkhrs ea yau wfct fvhrfmhe1 ")?slfc`("%e", &c)?}wgnjh (c:42)?

`jaft cud_cT, sud42.2, fvhrfmh?`ar (nct n46? n:4c? n++){prnct`("%e hcthr f cudkhr9 ", n)?slfc`("%`", &cud_cT)?sud+4cud_cT?

fvhrfmh4sud/c?}prnct`("sud a` yaur cudkhrs frh9 %.;`Zc", sud)?prnct`("fvhrfmh a` yaur cudkhrs ns9 %.;`Zc", fvhrfmh)?

`jaft f, k, praeult, gfrdacnl?prnct`("hcthr twa cudkhrs (gnct lgaash R fce K)9 Zc")?prnct`("mnvh dh f9 ")?slfc`("%`", &f)?prnct`("mnvh dh k9 ")?slfc`("%`", &k)?

praeult 4 ;*f*k?sud4f+k?gfrdacnl4praeult/sud?prnct`("gfrdacnl dhfc9 %.;`Zc", gfrdacnl)?



85

eaukjh mhadhtrnl?mhadhtrnl4sqrt(f*k)?prnct`("mhadhtnl dhfc9 %.;`Zc", mhadhtrnl)?

prnct`("mhadhtrnl dhfc khtwhhc R fce K envnehe ky \n9 %.;`Zc",

mhadhtrnl/;7.2>)?prnct`("gfrdacnl dhfc khtwhhc R fce K envnehe ky \n9 %.;`Zc", gfrdacnl/;7.2>)? prnct`("2.08 + 2.8= envnehe ky ; ns9 2.06Zc")?prnct`("tgash frh tgh tgh `nrst twa enmnts nc tgh majehc rftnalaciumfthZc")?}



88

[uccncm Enslavhr

igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~)9 le Erapkax/psht; igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht;)9 ./feetrfcsnstars frh \njnlac eaphe wntg Rgaspgarus fce Karac

Frtn`nlnfj Ncthjjnmhclh wauje kh kfshe ac tgnstgh majehc rftna laciumfth ns kfsnl ta jn`hUgh Majehc [ftna Laciumfth Ns9 2.067Dajfr Dfss A` Rgaspgarus (R) Ns9 <2.>=Dajfr Dfss A` Karac (K) Ns9 62.76Dajfr Dfss A` \njnlac (\n) Ns9 ;7.2>Gaw dfcy cudkhrs ea yau wfct fvhrfmhe1 ;6 hcthr f cudkhr9 >; hcthr f cudkhr9 8sud a` yaur cudkhrs frh9 65.22fvhrfmh a` yaur cudkhrs ns9 =.22

hcthr twa cudkhrs (gnct lgaash R fce K)9mnvh dh f9 <2.>=mnvh dh k9 62.76gfrdacnl dhfc9 60.2<mhadhtnl dhfc9 67.<2mhadhtrnl dhfc khtwhhc R fce K envnehe ky \n9 2.08gfrdacnl dhfc khtwhhc R fce K envnehe ky \n9 2.8=2.08 + 2.8= envnehe ky ; ns9 2.06tgash frh tgh tgh `nrst twa enmnts nc tgh majehc rftna laciumfth

igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht;)9



80

Aclh yau rhfjnzh cnch-`n`tgs ns cat iust ft tgh lrux a` Maje fce \njvhr, Rn fcetgh Majehc [ftna, Rn fce Hujhr„s Cudkhr h, tgh `nvh-àje syddhtry tgft nstypnlfj a` jn`h, Iupnthr fce \fturc, \uc fce Daac, nt ns cat jacm khàrh yaurhfjnzh nts ladpjndhct ns 8/< fce tgft yau àrd tgh shquhclhs9

(@ar >/8) 8, 65, ;<, <;,… fce 6.7, <.0, 8.5, =.;,…(@ar 8/<) 7, 6<, 67, ;<,… fce 6.=, <.<, 8, 0.=,…

@ar wgnlg yau mht9

=.;c “ 5 4 fQc fce (fQc) 4 < + <.<c rhsphltnvhjy.

Nc tgh jftthr, jhttncm tgh <.< kh Hfrtg Mrfvntnhs raucehe ta tgh chfrhst thc(>72), wh gfvh9(v) 4 ;,>52 ld/s + (<,;<5 ld/s/s)tUgns ns tgh en``hrhctnfj hquftnac9

(ex) 4 (;,>52 ld/s)et + (<,;<5 ld/s/s)t et

(;,>52 ld / s )et + (<,;<5 ld / s / s )2

68 " tet 2

68 " 4 5.2=>;8 od (Dfcuhj„s Ncthmrfj)

68 shlaces khlfush tghrh frh 68 ehmrhhs nc fc gaur a` rnmgtfslhcsnac. Ugh fltar a` ach aurtg hcthrs khlfush tgh onjadhthrns eh`nche ky tgh enstfclh `rad tgh pajh ta tgh hquftar, cat ky tgh lnrlud`hrhclh a` tgh Hfrtg. Catnlh tgh 2.2=>;8 gfs tgh cnchfce `nvh a` cnch-`n`tgs, tgh fvhrfmh a` cnch-`n`tgs fce tgh ; usheta dfoh nt.Dflg 6 4 =07 dpg 46,;<8 od/gaurUgft ns dflg 6 nc ery fnr ft ;2 ehmrhhs L (07 ehmrhhs @) ft shf jhvhj.N` wh wrnth, wghrh 6,;<8 od/gr (dflg 6) 4 2.<5< od/s, tghc9<5,<22 ld/s 4;,>52 ld/s + (<;<5 ld/s/s)tfcet4>.0>0>0>0>= shlaces 4 > ;</<< s 4 <;2/<< shlaces ~ >.= shlaces\a, tgh Xrfcus hquftnac ns f tndh a` >.= shlaces ta rhflg dflg 6. Ruttncm tgft tndh nc tgh ncthmrfj9(x) 4 (;,>52)(<;2/<<) + 6/;(<;<5(<;2/<<)S; 4 672,88= ld 6.7288= od ~6.7odUgus wh shh Dfcuhj„s Ncthmrfj rhflghs dflg ach nc fkaut >.= shlaces f`thrtrfvhjncm f enstfclh a` fkaut 6.7 onjadhthrs. Jht„s lacvhrt tgft ta dnjhs9(6.7od)(2.0;6<=6dn/od)46.6675=7 dnjhsDfcuhj„s Ncthmrfj rhflghs dflg ach nc 6.7 onjadhthrs, wgnlg ns tgh fdaucta` onjadhthrs nc f dnjh fce ns tgh >/8 tgft allurs nc Cfturh fce tghXcnvhrsh, cat ta dhctnac tgft nt ucn`nhs pn fce majehc rftna fce pn fceHujhr„s cudkhr h. Nt ns ach ladpflt stfthdhct tgft hdkaenhs hvhrytgncm fce lacchlts nt ta Hfrtg Mrfvnty. “ Nfc Khfresjhy, Fumust 68, ;26<



8=

Dfcuhj„s \hlace Ncthmrfj

Hfrtg mrfvnty (m) ns >.76 d/s/sUgns ns ljash ta >.72 d/s/sNcehhe n` raucehe nt ta ach pjflh f`thr tgh ehlndfj, nt wauje kh >.7 d/s/s

Ugns vfjuh wghc lacvhrtncm ta ld/s/s mnvhs m 4 >72 ld/s/sUghrh dfy kh maae rhfsac ta wrnth nt jnoh tgns (wgnlg ns raucencm nt ta tghchfrhst thc) khlfush wh shh nc aur rhshfrlg tgft nt ns `runtùj cat dhctnactgft nt pravnehs f cnlh àrd àr tgh vfjuh n` wh wfct ta lrhfth f chw systhda` ucnts katg wntg f zhra ft tgh hce àr tgh vfjuh fce tgft ns lacchlthe tacfturh, wgnlg nt ns, nc Dfcuhj„s ncthmrfj. Fjsa tgh cnch ns tgh cnch nc tghcnch-`n`tgs lacchlthe ta cfturh fce dftghdftnlfj lacstfcts, fs wh gfvhsgawc nc aur rhshfrlg, fce tgh hnmgt ns tgh 2.7 nc tgh 6.7 tgft ns cnch `n`tgs,tgh `rfltnac frauce f lnrlud`hrhclh a` f lnrljh tgft ns cnch-`n`tgs a` f lnrlud`hrhclh.

Jht us lacsnehr tgh Chptuch Hquftnac9=.;x “5 4 y

Jht =.; kh Hfrtg Mrfvntnhs9

(v) 4 =.;t “5(ex/et) 4 =.;t “5(ex) 4 =.;t et “ 5et(=.;)(>72 ld/s/s) 4 =,280 ld/s/s

v454=.;tt4(8/>)(=,280)(8/>)4vQ2 4 <,>;2 sa,

(ex) 4 =,280 ld/s/s t et “<,>;2 ld/s et

=,280 ld / s / stet " <,>;2 ld / set 4 =.<8 od 4

65=

;22

68

# 2

68

# od

]h lfjj tgns Dfcuhj„s \hlace Ncthmrfj

Nfc Khfresjhy Cavhdkhr ;0, ;26<



87

Dfcuhj„s Ugnre Ncthmrfj

^nc a` >/8 (`nvh-àje syddhtry)

<02/8 4 =;<02-=;4;77;77+<024057057/<024>/8

^fcm a` 8/< (snx-àje syddhtry)

<02/0402<02-024<22<22-024;52;52/<024;/<

;/<+648/< ^fcm ; a` 66/0 (snx-àje syddhtry)

<02-024<22<22+<024002002/<02466/0



8>

]h lacsnehr tgh hfrtg hquftnac9

(y) 4 >x-8 v4>t-8m4>72 ld/s/s

>(>72)47,7;2 ld/s/s

84>t(t)48/>

(vQ2) 4 (7,7;2 ld/s/s)(8/>) 45,>22 ld/s

ex 4 (7,7;2 ld/s/s)t et “ (5,>22 ld/s) et

7,7;2 ld / s / stet " 5,>22 ld / set 4 >.67=8 od2

68

# 2

68

#

Ugh Ncthmrfj gfs tgh > a` cnch-`n`tgs, tgh `nvh, tgh shvhc, wgnlg ns tghfvhrfmh a` > fce 8 fce tgh ach fce hnmgt a` tgh 6.7 tgft ns >/8 envnehe aut.

]h lfjj tgns Dfcuhj„s Ugnre Ncthmrfj.



02

]h gfvh tgh Chptuch Hquftnac9

=.;x “5

]h gfvh tgh Xrfcus Hquftnac

<.<x + <

Fce caw wntg aur fjthrcfth lasdajamy wh gfvh Ugh Hfrtg Hquftnac9

>x-8

]ntg tgrhh hquftnacs wh lfc wrnth tgh pfrfdhthrnzhe hquftnacs nc <-endhcsnacfj spflh, pfrfdhthrnzhe nc thrds a` t, ar x, y, fce z. ]h lfc

wrnth `rad tgft `(x,y,z) fce `nce tgh mrfenhct vhltar, ar cardfj ta tghhquftnac a` f pjfch nc atghr wares, fce `rad tgft f rhmnac nc spflh.



06



0;



0<



05

Ugh praihltnac ky dy lfjlujftnac tgraumg dy lasdajamy a` ync, yfcm, fce68 àr tgh arnmnc a` dy dhssfmh `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs wfs sadhwghrh nctgh hfsthrcdast pfrt a` tgh lacsthjjftnac \fmnttfrnus. Ugns gfpphcs ta khtgh sfdh pjflh wghrh tgh ach passnkjh fjnhc snmcfj wfs ehthlthe nc tgh\hfrlg @ar Hxtrfthrrhstrnfj Ncthjjnmhclh (\HUN). Nt wfs lfjjhe ‚Ugh ]aw

\nmcfj— khlfush ac Fumust 68, 6>== tgh knm hfr fcthccf rhlhnvhesadhtgncm tgft shhdhe cat jnoh stfr cansh, kut hxfltjy wgft tghy whrhjaaoncm àr nc fc hxtrfthrrhstrnfj snmcfj. Nts cfdh ns wgft nt ns khlfush tghfstracadhr ac euty, Ihrry [. Hgdfc wrath ‚]aw!— chxt ta tgh cudkhrs

wghc tghy lfdh nc. Nclrhenkjy, nt jfsthe tgh ùjj =; shlaces tgft tgh Knm Hfr fcthccf jnsthche àr nt. N sfy nclrhenkjh khlfush N gfvh dhctnache tghndpartfclh a` =;, cat iust nc dy Chptuch hquftnac “ àr wgnlg dy jalftnacnc spflh wfs ehrnvhe nc pfrt “ kut khlfush a` nts lacchltnac ta tgh Mypsy \gfdfc„s FH-<8 fcthccf fce nts rhjftnac ta =; nc tgh davnh ‚;2269 F \pflh Aeysshy—. Ugh hstndftnac a` tgh laarencfths ar tgh arnmnc a` tgh

]aw snmcfj frh twa9

6>g;;d;5.05s

6>g;8d6=.26s

]ntg ehljncftnac a`9

-;0 Ehmrhhs ;8 dncuths 6=.26 s

Ugft ns fkaut ;.8 ehmrhhs `rad tgh stfr mraup Lgn \fmnttfrrn

Nt ns vhry ljash ta dy lfjlujftnac àr fc hxtrfthrrhstrnfj lnvnjnzftnac tgft N`hhj gne f dhssfmh nc aur pgysnls, wgnlg N lfjlujfth ta kh chfr GE 6757<8fce hxfltjy ft9

6>g <7d <5s-67 Ehmrhhs ;= dncuths <0 shlaces

Ugh thjhslaph tgft ehthlthe tgh ]aw \nmcfj wfs ft Agna ]hsjhyfcXcnvhrsnty Ehjfwfrh, Agna lfjjhe Ugh Rhroncs Akshrvftary.

Nfc Khfresjhy Dfy 0, ;26<



08

F enaeh ns dfeh a` snjnlac (sfce) eaphe wntg pgaspgaraus fce karac, fjjcfturfjjy allurrncm hjhdhcts dfeh (àrmhe) nc ncthrnar a` stfrs. F snjnlacenaeh chhes 2.0 vajts ta laceult f lurrhct. Nc f enaeh mfth f gnmg vajtfmh nssnx vajts fce tgh lnrlunt ns ac fce f jaw vajtfmh, ar mrauce (zhra), tghlnrlunt ns a``. A`` ns laencm àr zhra fce ac ns laencm àr 6. Yhras fce achs

lfc kh strucm tamhtghr ta dfoh cudkhrs, fce jhtthrs nc tgh fjpgfkht.

Dfcuhj, tgh Mypsy \gfdfc, sfne9 ‚Mae ns fc Nehf, Ughrh frh twa hjhdhcts.— ]h lfc tfoh tgns ta kh aur ^nc fce ^fcm a` >/8 fce 8/<. Jaw vajtfmh fcetgh lnrlunt ns a``? gnmg vajtfmh fce tgh lnrlunt ns ac. Ughsh, fmfnc, frh tghtwa hjhdhcts a` tgh \gfdfc„s ync fce yfcm.

Khlfush yau gfvh ta ruc f enaeh ft jhfst 2.0 vajts, tgns ns suktrflthe `radtgh snx vajts tgft turc tgh enaeh ac, sa rhfjjy nt aphrfths ac sjnmgtjy jhsstgfc snx vajts. Ugns vajtfmh erap a` 2.0 Pajts nc tgh lnrlunt ns wgft wh wfctta jaao ft. ]h wnjj hvfjufth tgh vajtfmh erap avhr tgh \gfdfc„s dysthrnaus

68 shlaces fce aktfnc fc fdauct a` pawhr, tghc fppjy tgft pawhr avhr ach yhfr “ tgh tndh nt tfohs tgh hfrtg ta ma frauce tgh \uc. ]h gfvh fjrhfey àuce tgft tgh \gfdfc„s 68 cat acjy ucn`nhs dhthrs wntg tgh ucnvhrsh, kutdhthrs wntg `hht, fdfzncmjy nc tgh Xrfcus Ncthmrfj autjnche katg nc UghHxpjants A` Dfcuhj fce @urtghr Hxpjants A` Dfcuhj.



00

Caw wh ea tgh lfjlujftnac9

Ach hjhltrac vajt ns tgh hchrmy a` fc hjhltrac `fjjncm tgraumg f pathctnfjen``hrhclh a` ach vajt, wgnlg ns hqufj ta 6.02;H-6> Iaujhs.

Ach Iaujh ns 62,222,222 hrms

(2.0 Pajts)(6.02;H-6> Iaujhs) 4 >.06;H-;2 Iaujhs

(>.06;H-;2 Iaujhs)(62,222,222 hrms/Iaujh) 4 >.06;H-6< hrms

(>.06;H-6<hrms)/(68 shlaces) 4 0.527H-65 hrms/shlace

<08.;8 * ;5 * 02 * 02 4 <6,88=,022 shlaces/yhfr

(0.527H-65 hrms/shl)(<6,88=,022 shlaces) 4 ;.2;;;66227 dnlrahrms 4

;.2 dnlrahrmsNt ns fjdast hxfltjy twa dnlrahrms! (Ns tgh twa dnlrahrms pradptncm tgft

wh ehlaeh tgh dhssfmh nc kncfry1)



0=

]gft Dhssfmh1

Dy kaao F Ugaraumg Endhcsnacfj Fcfjysns ns fkaut gaw N pravneh hvnehclhnc suppart a` tgh nehf tgft hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs mfvh us aur ucnts a` dhfsurhdhct, jnoh tgh àat, tgh dhthr, tgh shlace, nc Fclnhct tndhs ehspnth

tgh gnstary tgft thjjs us tgh dhtrnl systhd ns daehrc, fce tgh àat-paucesysthd, phrgfps f jnttjh fdknmuaus nc nts gnstary. N tgnco fjacm tgh wfy nceancm tgns N dfy gfvh àuce fc hclrypthe dhssfmh `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfjsnc tgh cudkhr9

;.2;;;66227

Ncsa`fr fs nt lfdh ta us `rad cfturfj lacstfcts jnoh tgh lgfrmh a` fchjhltrac, tgh arkntfj phrnae a` tgh Hfrtg, fce cudkhrs wh ncvhcthe jnoh tghdhfsurh a` hjhltradatnvh pathctnfj, tgh vajt. Ugh nehf ns tgfthxtrfthrrhstrnfjs sadhgaw taje us ta dhfsurh hjhltradatnvh pathctnfj wntg

f ucnt a` vajts khlfush nt wauje praeulh tgh fkavh cudkhr. N fd ncthrhsthenc nt khlfush a` tgh rhphtntnac a` achs fce twas, fce tgh shpfrftnac a` cudkhrs ky zhras.

Jht us jaao ft tgh pfrt f`thr tgh ehlndfj. Nt ns9

2;;;66227

Nt ns tgh shlace cudkhr tgrhh tndhs, tgh `nrst cudkhr twa tndhs fce tgh

jfst cudkhr ns tgh cudkhr a` enmnts tgft prhlheh nt.

Ugh tgrhh twas fce tgh twa achs fee up ta tgh jfst enmnt, hnmgt.

Ugh twa achs fee up ta hflg a` tgh tgrhh twas.

Nt laucts `rad rnmgt ta jh`t 2,6,;,…



07

Ehlaencm Ugh Dhssfmh

Ugh dhssfmh ns9

2;;;66227

Ugh ;;; fees up ta snx, wgnlg nc kncfry ns 662. Ugh chxt shmdhct ns 6622, wgnlg ns f cnkkjh, fce ns tgh cudkhr 6;. Ugns shmdhct ns nc kncfry ta khmnc wntg. Ugh jfst enmnt ns fc hnmgt, wgnlg ns 6222 nc kncfry. Ugus wh gfvh,ncljuencm tgh `nrst enmnt, f zhra, wgnlg ns f knt9

(2) (662) (6622) (6222)

]h wrnth tgns fs tgrhh cnkkjhs9

(2662) (6622) (6222)

Ugus 2;;;66227 trfcsjfths fs 2662 6622 6222

]gnlg frh tgh tgrhh cudkhrs9

0, 6;, 7

Ughsh tgrhh cudkhrs envneh cnlhjy ncta tgh <02 ehmrhhs a` f lnrljh9

<02/6; 4 <2 <02/0 4 02 <02/7 4 58

Ughsh frh tgh fcmjhs nc tgh tgrhh sphlnfj trnfcmjhs wntg wgnlg wh lfc wrnthaut tgh trnmacadhtrnl `ucltnacs a` ndpartfct fcmjhs nc ljashe `ard9

<2-02->2 02-02-02 58-58->2

0, 6;, 7 gfvh tgh laddac ehcadncftar a` twa. Ugns mnvhs us tgh tgrhhcudkhrs <, 0, 59

<05

]gnlg ns vhry ljash ta tgh cudkhr a` Hfrtg efys nc f yhfr (<08). Frh

hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs panctncm aut tgft tgh cudkhr a` Hfrtg efys nc f yhfr frhljashjy lacchlthe ta tgh tgrhh sphlnfj trnfcmjhs1 Ugh cudkhr nc kncfry nsncthrhstncm, khlfush tgh achs slrajj a`` `rad rnmgt ta jh`t cnkkjh ta cnkkjh,ach enmnt ft f tndh. Ugh dhssfmh ns fjsa tgft tgh cudkhr a` efys nc f yhfrfrh lacchlthe ta tgh tgrhh rhmujfr thsshjjftars. Ughy gfvh snehs <, 0, fce 5.



0>

Ns Ugh Hxtrfthrrhstrnfj Dhssfmh [hfj1

N wfs jhfe nc dy rhshfrlg ta tgnco tghrh wfs maae rhfsac wh sgauje try talrhfth f systhd a` ucnts àr dhfsurhdhct a` pgysnlfj rhfjnty tgft cat acjy rhjfthe tgh àat-pauce systhd ta tgh dhtrnl systhd kut tgft lacchlthe ta

Cfturh nc f praàuce wfy, ar, n` cat, ush tgh lacchltnac khtwhhc tgh twasysthds ta fne us nc `ncencm ach tgft ns darh praàucejy lacchlthe tacfturh tgfc fcytgncm wh gfvh sa `fr.

Ncthrhstncmjy, N gfe summhsthe wh sgauje cat lgfcmh tgh ucnt a` tndh, achshlace, khlfush N khjnhvhe nt wfs fjrhfey lacchlthe ta cfturh nc f praàuce

wfy, fs N autjnche nc dy kaao \HUN9 Fcatghr \nmcfj Nc \fmnttfrnus nc tghlgfpthr ft tgh khmnccncm tntjhe Ugh Efclh A` Ugh Ghfvhcs.

N `nce tgft ncthrhstncm khlfush tgft praàuce lacchltnac jfy nc tghlacchltnac a` tgh tgrhh sphlnfj trnfcmjhs ta tgh <08 efy yhfr nc tgft <08 ns

ljash ta tgh <02 ehmrhhs nc f lnrljh, wgnlg dhfcs hflg efy a` tgh yhfrrhprhshct fkaut ach ehmrhh a` datnac a` tgh Hfrtg frauce tgh \uc.

N caw rhfjnzh tgft fs whjj, tgh ndpartfclh a` dy gypatghtnlfj dhssfmh `radhxtrfthrrhstrnfjs ns nc tgh sfdh nehf9 Ugft, nt lacchlts tgh Hfrtg yhfr ta tghtgrhh sphlnfj trnfcmjhs. Eahs tgns suppart tgh nehf tgft tgh gypatghtnlfjdhssfmh `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs ns rhfj fce tgft wh sgauje rhfjjy jaao àr f systhd a` dhfsurhdhct tgft ns darh praàucejy lacchlthe wntg cfturh1

Nfc Khfresjhy Ehlhdkhr <, ;26<



=2

]h wnjj lfjj nt Ugh Rjuta Hquftnac snclh c4< (hfrtg ns tgh tgnre pjfcht `radtgh suc) ynhjes <7.>, <7.> khncm ljashst ta tgh enstfclh a` Rjuta `rad tgh\uc nc fstracadnlfj ucnts wgnlg ns <>.55 fstracadnlfj ucnts.



=6



=;



=<



=5

F Undh @ar Lactflt

@nrst wh àuce f dhssfmh hdkheehe nc aur pgysnls, tghc wh ushe aursysthd a` tgrhh hquftnacs ta `nce nts arnmnc nc spflh. Nt turche aut ta kh`rad tgh sfdh pjflh nc spflh fs tgh \HUN ]aw! \nmcfj, \fmnttfrnus.

]h ea gfvh f àurtg hquftnac, wgnlg rhprhshcts tndh. ]ntg tgns wh try ta`nce wghc tgh hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs dnmgt try ta dfoh lactflt wntg us fmfnc.

]h rhlhnvhe tgh \HUN snmcfj ac Fumust 68, 6>==. N enslavhrhe dy snmcfjfrauce Dfy 8, ;26<. Ugh àurtg hquftnac `rad wgnlg wh ehrnvh f tndh, Nlfjj Ugh Rjuta Hquftnac, ehrnvhe nc dy kaao \HUN9 Fcatghr \nmcfj Nc\fmnttfrnus. Nt ns9

U 4 68.<t “=

Ugns mnvhs tgh tndh hjhdhct nc aur vhltar a` -6/68.<Dfy 8, ;26< “ Fumust 68, 6>== 4 <0 yhfrs < dactgs =.; efys

Ns tgh tndh N hstndfth khtwhhc tgh \HUN \nmcfj fce dnch raucencm dactgsta <2 efys fce sa àrtg. Ugns ns <0.;= yhfrs ky dy rhloacncm. ]h rheulhtgns ky aur `fltar a` 68.< (wgnlg wh cath tgh 68 ns tgh ehmrhhs tgh hfrtgratfths tgraumg nc fc gaur fce tgh < ns tgh hfrtg pjfcht cudkhr).<0.;=/68.<4;.<= yhfrs.

;26< + 8 dactgs (dfy) + ;.<= yhfrs4;26<+2.56 yhfrs+;.<= yhfrs

4;268.=7 yhfrs(2.=7)(6;)4>.<0 dactgs fce tgh tgharnzhe efth a` lactflt ns frauce\hpthdkhr, ;268. Ugns ns fc hstndfth, fce nt dfy kh tghrh ns fcatghr wfy a` eancm tgns.- Nfc Khfresjhy, Ehl 67, ;26<



=8

Fcatghr Rraihltnac @ar Hxtrfthrrhstrnfj Lactflt

Ughrh ns fcatghr wfy a` lfjlujftncm wghc tgh passnkjh dhssfmh `radhxtrfthrrhstrnfjs nc \fmnttfrnus, tgh \HUN ]aw! \nmcfj, wnjj rhphft nt shj`.Aur enslavhry a` fcatghr dhssfmh `rad tgh sfdh pjflh khmfc wntg tgh

Mypsy \gfdfc„s gash lajjhltnac a` 68 gashs dfoncm us rhfjnzh tgft 68 wfsndpartfct khlfush tgh Hfrtg ratfths tgraumg 68 ehmrhhs nc fc gaur, fce68 shlaces jhfe ta tgh eycfdnl ncthmrfj, Dfcuhj„s Ncthmrfj. Ugh `nrstdhssfmh wfs ac Fumust 68, 6>==. ]h cathe tgft tgft 68 a` Fumust panctheta tgh \gfdfc„s 68 gashs fce tgh twa shvhcs nc 6>== fee up ta 65, wgnlg

wghc feehe ta tgh ach nc 6> ns 68 fs whjj, wgnjh tgh > ns tgh cnch a` cnch-`n`tgs tgft wh `auce nc Cfturh `rad wgnlg wh lfjlujfthe f pjflh nc\fmnttfrnus wghrh tgh \HUN ]aw! \nmcfj ns. ]h ehlaehe fcatghr dhssfmhac frauce Dfy 8 a` ;26<. Ugh chxt dhssfmh sgauje tghc kh ac Fumust 68,;268, ta jnch up tgh \gfdfc„s `n`thhcs. Fumust ns f maae tndh ta vnhw tghlacsthjjftnac \fmnttfrnus `rad wghrh N fd nc \autghrc Lfjn`arcnf.

\fmnttfrnus gfs fjwfys khhc dy `fvarnth lacsthjjftnac, khlfush nt ns nc tghlhcthr a` tgh Mfjfxy, rnlg wntg mjakujfr, fce aphc ljusthrs tgft lfc kh vnhwhe wntg kncalujfrs. \uddhr ns wghc stfrmfzncm khladhs hxlntncm khlfush yau mht katg f rnlg soy fce wfrd, upjn`tncm whftghr. Fjsa, Fumustns tgh hnmgtg dactg fce aur cnch-`n`tgs envnehe aut ns ach panct hnmgt. Ughach tfohs yau frauce f lnrljh aclh, jhfvncm panct hnmgt.

Ehl ;5, ;26<



=0

F Chw \ysthd A` Dhfsurhdhct

Ky

Nfc Khfresjhy

Lapyrnmgt © ;26< ky Nfc Khfresjhy



=7

Nt ns fc hxtrfarencfry tgncm, tgh efclh a` tgh lhjhstnfj kaenhs nc tghghfvhcs tgft gfs khhc akshrvhe snclh fclnhct tndhs, fce àuce ta khehslrnkfkjh nc thrds a` tgh dast waceraus fsphlts a` katg cudkhr fce

mhadhtry.

Khlfush a` tgh datnac a` tgh hfrtg frauce tgh suc, tgh stfrs wnjj fpphfr nctgh sfdh pasntnac nc tgh soy àur dncuths hfrjnhr hflg cnmgt, fs tgh hfrtgratfths, dfoncm tghd rnsh fce sht, sa tgft nc tgh laursh a` tgh <08 efy yhfrtghy wnjj gfvh dfeh f ladpjhth iaurchy frauce tgh soy. Ugh Hfrtg mahsfrauce tgh \uc aclh nc tgns <08 efy yhfr, fce <08 ns ljash ta <02, wgnlgfrh tgh cudkhr a` ehmrhhs nc f lnrljh. ]h gfvh envnehe up tgh lnrljh jnohtgns, khlfush <02 ns envnsnkjh hvhcjy ky tgh ehmrhhs nc sphlnfj trnfcmjhs9 Ughhqunjfthrfj trnfcmjh (02-02-02), tgh 58-58->2, fce tgh <2-02->2, dfeh ky erfwncm nc tgh fjtntueh a` tgh 02-02-02 trnfcmjh.

Nc turc, tgh Daac mahs frauce tgh Hfrtg f jnttjh darh tgfc twhjvh tndhs ncf yhfr. Uwhjvh ns tgh sdfjjhst fkucefct cudkhr. Nt ns hvhcjy envnsnkjh ky 6,;, <, 5, 0, fce 6;. Nt cnlhjy arknts tgh Hfrtg nc fkaut <2 efys, fce whfjrhfey dhctnache <2 envnehs cnlhjy ncta <02. \a, wh gfvh tgh twhjvhdactg yhfr fce tgh <2 efy dactg. ]h eaukjh aur sdfjjhst fkucefctcudkhr, 6; ta mht ;5, fce wh envneh aur efy ncta ;5 gaurs, tgh efy khncm tgh tndh nt tfohs tgh hfrtg ta rhvajvh ac nts fxns.

]h tghc envneh hflg gaur ncta 02 dncuths, fce hflg dncuth ncta 02shlaces. ]h fjrhfey dhctnache 02 envnehs cnlhjy ncta <02 ehmrhhs. ]h

envneh hflg qufrthr a` tgh daac ncta = efys, sa tgft f`thr f dactg wh gfvhljash ta nts fppraxndfth arkntfj phrnae a` <2 efys.

]h gfvh each f maae iak tgft khmfc wntg tgh fclnhcts, a` dfoncm tghdatnacs a` tgh lhjhstnfj kaenhs, wgnlg frh jnoh f cfturfj ljalo, ta `nt tghd

wntg tgh ohy cudkhrs, fce mhadhtrnhs. Nt wauje shhd tgns ns wgft wh gfvheach. Nt ns fdfzncm ta dh tgft tgh hfrtg fce daac lfdh fkaut nc f wfy tgft tghy davh sa ljashjy ta sulg f slghdh.

Caw N `nce tgft tghrh ns f ync fce yfcm nc tgh Xcnvhrsh a` >/8 fce 8/<,rhsphltnvhjy `rad wgnlg lfc kh ehrnvhe wgft N lfjj tgh Xrfcus hquftnac,

fce, nt shhds ta rhlaclnjh tgh dhtrnl systhd wntg tgh àat pauce systhd,fce ùrtghr, tgaumg gudfc ncvhctnacs, sgaw tghd lacchlthe cat iust taach fcatghr, kut ta tgh Lasdas.

Ea fjj stfr systhds nc tgh Xcnvhrsh, hsphlnfjjy tgash tgft gast ncthjjnmhctjn`h, gfvh sulg fc hxtrfarencfry strulturh fs aurs, phrgfps ncenlftncm tghy frh nc tgh Xcnvhrsh àr f rhfsac, fs aurs sfys fkaut us1 Dfcuhj ljfndhe ghgfe khhc fjj flrass tgh Mfjfxy, fce tgft tgaumg en``hrhct, tghy ene.



=>

N gfvh caw enslavhrhe tgft Dfcuhj wfs nc Hcmjfce àr darh tgfc achrhfsac. Gh wfs ta dhht wntg f @rhclgdfc wga wfs f rhprhshctftnvh àrtgh Kurhfu A` ]hnmgts Fce Dhfsurhs ac f dnssnac ta lgfcmh tgh dhtgae a`

eh`ncncm tgft enstfclh lfjjhe tgh onjadhthr.

Fppfrhctjy nt gfe sadhtgncm ta ea wntg gns gash lajjhltnac cudkhrncm `n`thhc gashs fce gns `hhjncm tgft Mae wfs fc nehf a` wgnlg tghrh frh twahjhdhcts. Nt wauje shhd gh lfrrnhe f mrhft shlrht tgft wfs gfcehe eawc tagnd `rad gns fclhstars fs tghy pfsshe tgraumg tgh warje ky àat ft tndhs,lfdhj ft atghr tndhs, fce lfrfvfc ft atghr tndhs ladpjhthjy ucocawc,stfrtncm nc Ncenf fce hcencm nc \pfnc.

Ugh En``hrhctnfj Hquftnac

N tgaumgt nt wfs rhfjjy tndh N sajvh f en``hrhctnfj hquftnac. Nlgash Ugh Xrfcus Hquftnac.

]h caw ehthrdnch mnvhc tgh fllhjhrftnac nc tgh Xrfcus hquftnac ns <.<hfrtg mrfvntnhs, tghc wgft ns tgh ncntnfj vhjalnty nc tgh hquftnac, wgnlg nstgh cudkhr <1

(v) 4 < + <.<t (Ugh Xrfcus Hquftnac)

(v)4ft4(<</62)t wghrh P ns vhjalnty, f ns fllhjhrftnac, fce t ns tndh.

<4(<</62)t(t) 4 <2/<<

>72 ld/s/s 4 m 4 tgh sur`flh mrfvnty a` tgh hfrtg

(>72 ld/s/s)(<.<)4<,;<5 ld/s/s

(<,;<5 ld/s/s)(<2/<< s) 4 ;,>52 ld/s 4 vQ2 vQ2 ns tgh ncntnfj vhjalnty

Ugus wh lfc wrnth tgh Xrfcus hquftnac fs9

(v) 4 ;,>52 ld/s + (<,;<5 ld/s/s)t

Ugns ns tgh en``hrhctnfj hquftnac9

(ex) 4 (;,>52 ld/s)et + (<,;<5 ld/s/s)t et



72

Ugh acjy tgncm wh jflo nc sajvncm tgns ns f tndh `ar wgnlg wh lfc ehrnvh f enstfclh. Ljhfrjy n` tgh \gfdfc gfe sadh shlrht, nt wfs nc tgh gashlajjhltnac gh sgawhe dh. A` laursh, tghc, tgh tndh ns 68 shlaces. Ughrhsujt ns

(xQ2) 4 (;,>52 ld/s)68 + ((6/;)(<,;<5) ld/s/s)68S; 4 55,622 +<0<,7;8 452=>;8 ld

52=>;8 ld/622/6222 4 5.2=>;8 od

Catnlh tgh cudkhrs f thr tgh ehlndfj frh =>;8. Ugh shvhc ns tgh fvhrfmha` tgh cnch fce tgh `nvh, fce tgh cnch fce `nvh dfoh up tgh dysthrnauscnch-`n`tgs. Ugh ; ns tgh cudkhr ushe ta fvhrfmh tgh cnch fce tgh `nvh tadfoh tgh shvhc. Kut darh nclrhenkjy tgh vfjuh ns fjdast phr`hltjy auronjadhthrs. Ugus Dfcuhj whct ta Hcmjfce nc dy khjnh` cat iust ta sphcetndh wntg tgh fwhsadh \ghnjf Lgfcerf, kut ta mht Ugh Kurhfu a` ]hnmgts

fce Dhfsurhs ta eh`nch tgh jhcmtg a` f onjadhthr fs9(6/5) (Ncthmrfj _(;,>52 ld/s)et + (<,;<5 ld/s/s) t etT dncus 2.2=>;8)

Fjj tgft envnehe ky 622, tghc ky 6222.

Ugft rh`hrs ta tgh ncthmrfj622 ns 622 ld/d6222 ns 6222 d/od

Ugft ncthmrfj hvfjufthe `rad 2 ta 68 shlaces.

Gaw lauje gh gfvh ocawc sa dulg fkaut tgh Xcnvhrsh fcelacchlthe nt ta tgh onjadhthr, wghc Ugh Dhtrnl Laddntthh ncdaehrc tndhs eh`nche tgh onjadhthr fs ach thc tgausfcetg a` tgh enstfclh `rad tgh Cartg Rajh ta Ugh Hquftar1

Dfurnlh Lgfthjfnc, wga wfs tgh enrhltar a` ehvhjapncm tghladducnlftnacs systhd ar tgh CF\F Fpajja Dnssnacs, dfy gfvh tgh fcswhr nc gns kaao ‚Aur Lasdnl Fclhstars—. Nt dfy kh

tgft nt wfs hvhc ocawc jacmhr fma tgfc tgft efy Dfcuhj„sfclhstars jh`t Ncenf. Lgfthjfnc wrnths9

‚Ugns ns wghrh dy ncthrhst khlfdh rhfjjy fraushe fce dy waro khlfdh hxlntncm…Fjj ucnts a` dhfsurh nc tgh enstfct pfst a` aurlnvnjnzftnac gfe tgh sfdh kfsnl systhd nc tghnr `auceftnacs “ fjj

whrh ehthrdnche `rad tgh hxflt endhcsnacs a` aur pjfcht Hfrtg.



76

Fs nclrhenkjh fs tgns dfy sauce ta tgh ucncntnfthe, aur fclhstarsehrnvhe tghnr `hht fce nclghs `rad tgh jhcmtg a` ehmrhh a` jftntueh ar jacmntueh…. Gaw ladh tghc tgft aur `arh`ftghrs kflonc tgh \tach Fmh gfe vfjuhs sa hxflt, wgnlg wh aurshjvhs whrhacjy fkjh ta aktfnc f`thr 5 Altakhr, 6>8=, wghc tgh \avnhtsfthjjnth \putcno stfrthe ta trflh fce dhfsurh tgh `nrst arkntsfrauce tgh mjakh1… ]h tghc aktfnche tgh hxflt dhfsurhdhcts

ky akshrvncm tgh nrrhmujfrntnhs nc tgh arknts a` tgh `nrst frtn`nlnfjsfthjjnths nc arehr ta lfjlujfth tgh truh sgfph fce endhcsnacs araur mjakh.—

Lgfthjfnc summhsts hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs, dhfsurhe tgh hfrtg ky arkntncm nt nctgh sfdh wfy fce mfvh aur ucnts a` dhfsurhdhct ta aur pfst, enstfctfclhstars, 08,222 yhfrs fma. Ugh fclhstars a` Dfcuhj, ochw tgns ft jhfst f tgausfce yhfrs fma, fce lacchlthe nt, `urtghr, ta ‚Ugh Lasdas—. Ugh wnce

kjaws nc fc hcejhss shf a` sfce. [nencm ac nt ns f vanlh krhfoncm up fceensfpphfrncm ncta tgh fnr9 ‚Jf tnjf, Mufeflfjn—.



7;

F \hlace Jaao Ft Ugh Xrfcus Ncthmrfj

Xrfcus Ncthmrfj @rad 2 Ua 68 \hlaces

(;,>52 ld / s )et + (<,;<5 ld / s / s )2

68 " tet 2

68 " 4 5.2=>;8 od

]gnlg lfc kh wrntthc nc onjadhthrs9

5+(>+8)/;(622) + >/6222 + ;/(62,222) + 8/622,222

4 5+(2.2=)+(2.22>)+(2.222;)+(2.22228)

]h lfc fjsa wrnth9

5 od + =2 d + > d + 2.; d + 2.28 d 4 5 od + =>.;8 d

Ar,

5 od + =222 ld + >22 ld + ;2 ld + 8 ld 4 5 od + =,>;8 ld

Jht„s lacvhrt tgh pfrt khyace 5 od ta `hht9

(=,>;8 ld)(2.2<;7275 `t/ld) 4 ;02.2208= `hht

Nt ns fjdast hxfltjy ;02 `hht. Ugh pfrt f`thr tgh ehlndfj lfc kh frrfcmhe fs8,0,=,… Nt wauje shhd usncm tgh \gfdfc„s 68 shlaces nc Ugh XrfcusNcthmrfj wfcts ta lacchlt tgh dhtrnl systhd ta `hht. Nt ns fllurfth ta fkautsnx fce f gfj` tgausfcetgs a` f aat. N` wh lacsnehr tgh arnmnc a` tgh dhtrnlsysthd khncm nc tgh endhcsnacs a` tgh Hfrtg, fce tgh akslurh arnmncs a` tghàat, tgns ns rftghr rhdfrofkjh, hsphlnfjjy wghc ach lacsnehrs tgh arnmncs a` Ugh Xrfcus Hquftnac.

Caw wh tfoh tgh shlace jaao9

(;02.2208= `t)(6; nc/`t) 4 <,6;2.2=775 nclghs

Nt ns fjdast <,6;2 nclghs! Jht„s rhfrrfcmh tgash cudkhrs. ]h mht9

2, 6, ;, <,...

Ns nt tgft hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs mfvh us tgh nclg, tgh àat, fce dhtrnl systhd ncfclnhct tndhs fs Dfurnlh Lgfthjjfnc a` CF\F summhsthe nc gns kaao, AurLasdnl Fclhstars1 Ughrh gfs fjwfys khhc f ehkfth khtwhhc Huraph fce

Fdhrnlf fs ta wghtghr Fdhrnlf sgauje feapt tgh dhtrnl systhd nchvhryefy jn`h. Fdhrnlfcs fjrhfey ush nt nc tgh slnhclhs. Ns tghrh f rhfsacàr tghsh en``hrhct systhds a` dhfsurhdhct1 ]hrh tghy katg dhfct ta kh



7<

nc tgft tghy frh lacchlthe ta ach fcatghr tgraumg tgh Xcnvhrsh fceCfturh1



75

Ugh \aurlh A` Ach @aurtg Nc Ugh Xrfcus Ncthmrfj

6 od 4 6/(62,222)(6/5)L wghrh L 4 ;(pn)[Qh

L ns tgh lnrlud`hrhclh a` tgh Hfrtg fce [Qh ns tgh rfenus a` tgh Hfrtg.

[Qh 40,<=7 od

]h lfc sfy9

5 od 4 (6/62,222)L

Xrfcus Ncthmrfj (6/5) (Ncthmrfj _(;,>52 ld/s)et + (<,;<5ld/s/s) t etT dncus 2.2=>;8)

Fjj tgft envnehe ky 622, tghc ky 6222.

Ugft rh`hrs ta tgh ncthmrfj622 ns 622 ld/d6222 ns 6222 d/od

Ugft ncthmrfj hvfjufthe `rad 2 ta 68 shlaces.

]h fjsa lfjj tgh `ajjawncm Ugh Xrfcus Ncthmrfj9

(;,>52ld

/s)

et +

(<,;<5ld

/s

/s)2

68

" tet

2

68

" 4

5.2=>;8od

Ugh `fltar a` ach `aurtg hcthrs khlfush tgh onjadhthr ns eh`nche ky tgh enstfclh `rad tgh tgh pajh ta tgh hquftar, cat tghlnrlud`hrhclh a` tgh Hfrtg.



78

Fmfnc, wh àuce >/8 rhlurrhct nc tgh Xcnvhrsh fce Cfturh. Ugh Mypsy \gfdfc gfs ncenlfthe tgft 68 ns ft tgh ghfrt a` dftthrs. ]h ushe >,8, fce68 ta lacstrult tgh àjjawncm quferftnl9

Ugh frhf a` f rhltfcmjh ns 68. Ugh jhcmtg, j, ns > darh tgfc tgh wnetg

dujtnpjnhe ky 89

w;

+ > w " < 4 2

w 4 2.<;

]h tghc dfeh f quferftnl nc tndh9

68 4

6

;mt

;

t ;

4

<2

mKhlfush a` tgh rhsujt àr w, wh lgash m 4 <; `hht/shl/shl fs appashe ta tgh

vfjuh nc dhthrs m 4 >.7 dhthrs/shl/shl

t ; 4

<2 `t <; `t /shl/shl

t 4 2.>07shl

]h cath tgft 6-2.>07 42.2<;

N `nce tgft ncthrhstncm. Ugh \gfdfc„s 68 shlaces ehslrnkhe dhthrs nc tgh

Xrfcus Ncthmrfj fce tgh cudkhrs nc cnch-`n`tgs fce tghnr fvhrfmh, cat tadhctnac tghrh wfs tgh twa ushe ta fvhrfmh cnch fce `nvh, caw nt nspraàucejy lacchlthe ta tgh <; a` hfrtg sur`flh mrfvnty nc `hht.



70



7=

Rauces Fce Onjamrfds

Hfrjy ac nc dy waro, wghc N `nrst catnlhe cnch-`n`tgs nc tgh sajfr systhdfce cfturh, N wfs nctrnmuhe ky tgh `flt tgft tghrh ns cnch-`n`tgs a` f ehmrhhlhctnmrfeh phr hvhry ehmrhh a` @fgrhcghnt. N gfe trnhe ta nce tgh pgysnlfj

lacchltnac laclhrcncm tgns, fce jhfrche @fgrhcghnt wfs lacstrulthe satgft `rhhzncm thdphrfturh, ar chfr tghrh, jnthrfjjy tgh thdphrfturhdhfsurhe ky f tghrdadhthr nc f dnxturh a` sfjt fce nlh, phrgfps sadh

wfthr, wfs ta kh tfohc fs <; ehmrhhs fce tgh upphr jndnt wfs ehthrdnche ky tgh gudfc kaey thdphrfturh fs dhfsurhe ky f tghrdadhthr nc fcfrdpnt ta kh f vfjuh frauce >= ar >7. ]gy tghsh vfjuhs whrh lgashc Nlauje cat `nce fcy rhfsac àr tgft wfs ealudhcthe. N ene past tgns stary tasadh once a` f enslussnac mraup. Jfthr N gfe pasthe dy enslavhry a` cnch-`n`tgs ta tgh Iashpg Lfdpkhjj enslussnac àrud fce sadhach tghrh sfnecnch-`n`tgs wfs nc tgh hquftnac tgft lacvhrts lhctnmrfeh ta @fgrhcghnt. Nchvhr tfjohe fkaut dy hfrjnhr waro nc tgft frhf, iust sfne, yhs tghrh ns

cnch-`n`tgs ehmrhh lhctnmrfeh phr hvhry ehmrhh a` @fgrhcghnt. Gh ohptsfyncm yau gfvh ta fee tgnrty-twa. N lauje cat lacvnclh gnd wgft N wfssfyncm wfs truh. Feencm tgh tgnrty-twa ns ta zhra tgh rhjftnacsgnp sa achlfc lacvhrt lhctnmrfeh ta @fgrhcghnt. Ugft ns tghnr slfjhs frh en``hrhct9Lhjsnus khmncs ft 2 ehmrhhs ns `rhhzncm fce @fgrhcghnt khmncs ft <; ns`rhhzncm thdphrfturh. Ugft eahs cat lgfcmh tgh `flt tgft tghrh ns cnch-`n`tgs ehmrhh lhctnmrfeh phr hvhry ehmrhh a` @fgrhcghnt. Gh wfsprhshctncm tgh àrdujf tgft lacvhrts ach thdphrfturh ta tgh atghr.

Ua tgh dftthr ft gfce9 Ugh Mypsy \gfdfc„s 68 shhds ta rhlaclnjh dhtrnlenstfclhs wntg `hht, katg systhds ush tgh shlace ta dhfsurh tndh. Ugh

Xrfcus ncthmrfj ns ehrnvhe `rad cnch-`n`tgs, wgnlg wh shh ucn`nhs tgh dhtrnldhfsurhdhct a` thdphrfturh wntg tgft a` tgh àat-pauces @fgrhcghnt.Ugft acjy jhfvhs us chhencm ta `nce tgh lacchltnac khtwhhc tgh dhtrnlsysthd„s mrfds fce onjamrfds wntg tgh pauce, sa wh gfvh ehfjt wntg tghdftthr wghrh dfss fce whnmgt frh laclhrche. F mrfd ns cnlhjy eh`nche fstgh fdauct a` wfthr nc f luknl lhctndhthr. Fjj N lfc sfy, ft tgns panct, nstgft ach pauce ns 58<.8> mrfds, fce tgft dfohs nt hxfltjy 2.8> mrfds`rad f wgajh cudkhr. Nt gfs sadhtgncm ta ea wntg cnch-`n`tgs1



77

Mhttncm F \hcsh A` Ugh Xrfcus Hquftnac

Ugus wh lfc wrnth tgh Xrfcus hquftnac fs9

(v) 4 ;,>52 ld/s + (<,;<5 ld/s/s)t

Ugns ns tgh en``hrhctnfj hquftnac9

(ex) 4 (;,>52 ld/s)et + (<,;<5 ld/s/s)t et

Xrfcus Ncthmrfj @rad 2 Ua 68 \hlaces

(;,>52 ld / s )et + (<,;<5 ld / s / s )2

68 " tet 2

68 " 4 5.2=>;8 od

Dflg 6 4 =07 dpg 46,;<8 od/gaur

Ugft ns dflg 6 nc ery fnr ft ;2 ehmrhhs L (07 ehmrhhs @) ft shf jhvhj.

N` wh wrnth, wghrh 6,;<8 od/gr (dflg 6) 4 2.<5< od/s, tghc9

<5,<22 ld/s 4;,>52 ld/s + (<;<5 ld/s/s)t

fce

t4>.0>0>0>0>= shlaces 4 > ;</<< s 4 <;2/<< shlaces ~ >.= shlaces

\a, tgh Xrfcus hquftnac ns f tndh a` >.= shlaces ta rhflg dflg 6. Ruttncm tgft tndh nc tgh ncthmrfj9

(x) 4 (;,>52)(<;2/<<) + 6/;(<;<5(<;2/<<)S; 4 672,88= ld 6.7288= od ~6.7od

Ugus nc tgh Xrfcus Hquftnac wh rhflg dflg ach nc fkaut >.= shlaces f`thrtrfvhjncm f enstfclh a` fkaut 6.7 onjadhthrs. Jht„s lacvhrt tgft ta dnjhs9

(6.7od)(2.0;6<=6dn/od)46.6675=7 dnjhs

Aclh fmfnc wh shh cnch-`n`tgs ucn`yncm tgh `aat-pauce systhd ta tgh dhtrnlsysthd nc tgft 6.7 ns cnch-`n`tgs fce f dnjh ns fkaut 6.7 onjadhthrs. Ugft nsn` wh tgnco a` tgh dnjh fs pfrt a` tgh `aat-pauce systhd.



7>

Ugh Xrfcus Ncthmrfj Ns Nctrnmuncm

Ugh Xrfcus Ncthmrfj rhflghs dflg ach nc 6.7 onjadhthrs, wgnlg ns tghfdauct a` onjadhthrs nc f dnjh fce ns tgh >/8 tgft allurs nc Cfturh fce tghXcnvhrsh, cat ta dhctnac tgft nt ucn`nhs pn fce majehc rftna fce pn fce

Hujhr„s cudkhr h. ]h gfvh fjrhfey sgawc gaw tgh Xrfcus Ncthmrfjehslrnkhs, onjadhthrs, cnch-`n`tgs fce `hht fce nclghs, wghc hvfjufthe fttgh Mypsy \gfdfc„s Dysthrnaus 68 nc tgh ard a` 68 shlaces. @n`thhc nstgh ehmrhhs tgh Hfrtg ratfths tgraumg nc fc gaur. ]h gfvh sgawc gaw cnch-`n`tgs ucn`nhs mrfds fce pauces fce lhctnmrfeh fce `fgrhcghnt.

Ugus, cat acjy eahs tgh Xrfcus Ncthmrfj ehslrnkh onjadhthrs, nt ehslrnkhsdnjhs. Nt ns ach ladpflt stfthdhct tgft hdkaenhs hvhrytgncm. Fmfnc whshh tgh \gfdfc„s 68 ucn`yncm twa systhds a` dhfsurhdhct nc tgft tghrhfrh `n`thhc ehmrhhs nc ach gaur a` rnmgt fslhcsnac.



>2

Darh >/8 Nc Aur Xcnts A` Dhfsurhdhct

Nt wauje shhd tgh thdphrfturh slfjh ns lacchlthe ta >/8 nc darh tgfc tgh wfys N wrath fkaut nc @njhs X Fce H ta fee nt taa tgh jacm jnst a` cnch-`n`tgsnc aur ucnts a` dhfsurhdhct tgft N gfvh fjrhfey `auce fce nts lacchltnac

ta pn fce tgh majehc rftna fce pn fce hujhr„s cudkhr fce ohy allurrhclhsnc cfturh. [aad thdphrfturh ns 07 ta == fllarencm ta wnonphenf. Ughfvhrfmh (07 + ==) 4 =;.8. Ugh shvhc fce twa fee up ta tgh cnch nc cnch-`n`tgs fce tgh `nvh f`thr tgh ehlndfj ns tgh `nvh nc cnch-`n`tgs.

Nfc Khfresjhy \hpthdkhr 6<, ;26<



>6

F Chw \ysthd A` Dhfsurhdhct \hhds Ua \ummhst Ntshj`

Laclhrcncm dy waro "@njhs X Fce H" fce "Caths 26 @ar @njhs X Fce H" whsgauje kh fkjh ta lrhfth f systhd a` ucnts àr dfss, jhcmtg fce tndh tgftlacchlts cat iust tgh dhtrnl systhd wntg tgh àat pauce systhd, kut tgft

lacchlts wntg Cfturh fce tgh Xcnvhrsh `rad `jawhr phtfj frrfcmhdhcts tatgh pgysnlfj lgfrflthrnstnls a` tgh Hfrtg, pjfchts, fce stfrs. Ugft ns wgft Nfd `ncencm. N gfvh hvhc summhsthe tgft tgh wfy wh lacstrulthe aurdhfsurncm systhds lfdh fkaut `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfj nc`juhclh fs nt shhdsta kh taa eycfdnl ta gfvh hvajvhe tgraumg rfcead arlhs a` gnstary. Nhvhc shhd ta gfvh àuce f dhssfmh `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs hdkheehe ncaur pgysnls ncenlftncm tgft tgns ns wgft hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs frh gnctncm whsgauje ea. N gfvh hvhc àuce tgft tgft dhssfmh shhds ta ladh `rad tghsfdh rhmnac a` spflh fs \HUN's ]aw! \nmcfj.

Nfc Khfresjhy

\hpthdkhr 65, ;26<



><

Nc @njhs X Fce H ky Nfc Khfresjhy, wh aphche wntg f stary fkaut f Mypsy \gfdfc, Dfcuhj, wgnlg jhfe ta tgh rhfjnzftnac tgft cat acjy wfs cnch-`n`tgsft tgh lrux a` tgh Xcnvhrsh ar Cfturh, kut dftghdftnlfj lacstfcts sulg fspn, tgh majehc rftna, fce Hujhr„s cudkhr, h. @urtghr wh àuce tgns cnch-`n`tgs wfs cat iust nc aur systhds a` ucnts a` dhfsurhdhct, lacchltncm cat

iust ach ta tgh atghr, kut fjsa katg ta tgh Xcnvhrsh. Nc sa `fr fs tgh vfjuhs wh fssnmche ta aur ucnts a` dhfsurhdhct sgauje kh f rfcead lajjhltnac a` cudkhrs, fs tghnr gnstary shhds ta kh ach a` rfcead hvajutnac, fce tghy frh cat, wh summhsthe hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs jh`t tghnr tgudkprnct nc aurpgysnls, tgft ns gfe f gfce nc nts ehvhjapdhct. ]h fjsa àuce wgft shhdsta kh f dhssfmh `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs hdkheehe nc aur pgysnls fce wh

whrh fkjh ta lfjlujfth tgh enrhltnac nc tgh soy tgft ns nts arnmnc. Ntnclrhenkjy turche aut ta kh nc tgh sfdh rhmnac a` tgh soy fs tgh arnmnc a` tgh

]aw! \nmcfj, wgnlg wfs tgh ach snmcfj \HUN (Ugh \hfrlg @arHxtrfthrrhstrnfj Ncthjjnmhclh) hvhr rhlhnvhe tgft gfe fjj tgh lgfrflthrnstnlstghy whrh jaaoncm àr nc f dhssfmh `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs.

F`thr enslavhrncm tgh praphrtnhs a` >/8 nc Ugh Xcnvhrsh Fce Cfturh, fcecatncm tgft nt wfs nc tgh `nvh-àje syddhtry (rhmujfr phctfmac) tgft nstypnlfj a` jn`h, wh lfjjhe nt tgh ync a` tgh Xcnvhrsh fce ehrnvhe tgh yfcm a` tgh Xcnvhrsh `rad tgh snx-àje syddhtry wh `nce nc tgh pgysnlfj Xcnvhrsh(rhmujfr ghxfmac). Nt wfs nvh-tgnres. Ugus wh lrhfthe f tfanstnl Xcnvhrsh(Ugh Mypsy \gfdfc sfne ‚Mae ns fc nehf, tghrh frh twa hjhdhcts—).

Ugns nc turc jhfe ta aur Chptuch fce Xrfcus Hquftnacs, wgnlg wh muhsssummhsts sadh lacchltnac a` tgh pjfchts Chptuch fce Xrfcus ta gudfcehstncy.

Dy Lasdnl Frlgfhajamy ns kfshe ac tgh nehf tgft >/8 ns tgh ^nc a` tghXcnvhrsh, 8/< ns tgh ^fcm a` tgh Xcnvhrsh, fce 68 (Dfcuhj„s cudkhr, D) nstgh dfmnl cudkhr. ]ntg tghsh tgrhh cudkhrs wh lacstrult f Xcnvhrsh tgftshhds strnoncmjy darh tgfc lanclnehctfj. Fjsa a` ncthrhst ta tgns stary nsUgh FH-<8 Fcthccf. N wrath9

FH-<8

N wrath f sgart stary jfst cnmgt, lfjjhe Mypsy \gfdfcnsd fce tgh Xcnvhrshfkaut tgh FH-<8 ucnt, wgnlg ns tgh ucnt nc tgh davnh fce kaao ;2269 F

\pflh Aeysshy tgft GFJ rhparts wnjj `fnj fce enslactncuh ladducnlftnacta Hfrtg. N ehlnehe ta rhfe tgh pfssfmh ehfjncm wntg tgh hvhct nc ;226 fceGFJ, tgh sgnp ladputhr, rhparts nt wnjj `fnj nc wntgnc =; gaurs. \trfcmh,

khlfush Phcus ns tgh saurlh a` =.; nc dy Chptuch hquftnac fce rhprhshcts`fnjurh, wghrh Dfrs rhprhshcts sullhss.



>8

F Chw \ysthd A` Dhfsurhdhct \hhds Ua \ummhst Ntshj`

Laclhrcncm dy waro "@njhs X Fce H" fce "Caths 26 @ar @njhs X Fce H" whsgauje kh fkjh ta lrhfth f systhd a` ucnts àr dfss, jhcmtg fce tndh tgftlacchlts cat iust tgh dhtrnl systhd wntg tgh àat pauce systhd, kut tgft

lacchlts wntg Cfturh fce tgh Xcnvhrsh `rad `jawhr phtfj frrfcmhdhcts tatgh pgysnlfj lgfrflthrnstnls a` tgh Hfrtg, pjfchts, fce stfrs. Ugft ns wgft Nfd `ncencm. N gfvh hvhc summhsthe tgft tgh wfy wh lacstrulthe aurdhfsurncm systhds lfdh fkaut `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfj nc`juhclh fs nt shhdsta kh taa eycfdnl ta gfvh hvajvhe tgraumg rfcead arlhs a` gnstary. Nhvhc shhd ta gfvh àuce f dhssfmh `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs hdkheehe ncaur pgysnls ncenlftncm tgft tgns ns wgft hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs frh gnctncm whsgauje ea. N gfvh hvhc àuce tgft tgft dhssfmh shhds ta ladh `rad tghsfdh rhmnac a` spflh fs \HUN's ]aw! \nmcfj.

Nfc Khfresjhy

\hpthdkhr 65, ;26< ]h gfvh tfohc Dfcuhj„s Ncthmrfj fce ushe tgh chw summhsthe jhcmtg a` f dhthr, fce àuce tgft nt dfohs Hfrtg Mrfvnty rauce ljashjy ta fc hvhc 62dhthrs phr shlace squfrhe. Ugns ns ndpartfct khlfush cat acjy ea wh gfvhf kfsh thc cudkhr systhd “ prakfkjy khlfush wh gfvh thc `ncmhrs ta lauctac “ kut tgh dhtrnl systhd ns kfshe ac dujtnpjhs a` thc. Ugh atghrncthrhstncm fsphlt ns tgft tgns chw eh`ncntnac àr tgh dhthr (d) tgft wh wnjjlfjj chw dhthrs (cd), mnvhs f phrnae a` twa shlaces àr f phceujud a` strncm jhcmtg ach chw dhthr fce tghrhàrh f swncm `rad jh`t ta rnmgt arrnmgt ta jh`t a` ach shlace. ]h gfvh ùrtghr lacchlthe chw dhthrs ta tgh

rftna a` maje ta snjvhr nc dajfr dfsshs, tgh rftna a` tgh sajfr rfenus ta tgharkntfj enstfclh a` tgh daac, fce dulg darh nc cfturh n` yau rhfe ‚@njhs Xfce H— ky dyshj`. (Cat ta dhctnac tgh `nvh-àje syddhtry typnlfj ta jn`h,jnoh f `nvh-phtfj `jawhr).



>0

]h khmnc wntg Dfcuhj„s Ncthmrfj9

(;,>52 ld / s )2

68 " et + (<,;<5 ld / s / s ) tet 4 5.2=>;82

68 " od

]h dfoh onjadhthrs sdfjjhr fs summhsthe ky tgh ncthmrfj9

5od/5.2=>;8 4 2.>728=;52>

Fce wh sfy (raucencm nt ta tgrhh pjflhs f`thr tgh ehlndfj),

2.>76 ld/6.222 cld

]ghrh cld dhfcs chw lhctndhthrs.

]h tghc catnlh tgh chw lhctndhthr ns Hfrtg Mrfvnty (>76 ld/s/s) rheulhehxfltjy ky f `fltar a` 6222 mnvncm hfrtg mrfvnty nc chw lhctndhthrs f vfjuha` hxfltjy 6222 chw lhctndhthrs phr shlace squfrhe9

(>76 ld/s/s)(cld)/2.>76 ld)46222 cld/s/s

Lacvhrtncm tgns ta chw dhthrs (cd) wh gfvh àr hfrtg mrfvnty (m)9

(m) 4 62 cd/s/s

Ugft ns wntg chw dhthrs, hfrtg mrfvnty ns hxfltjy thc chw dhthrs phrshlace squfrhe. Ugns wfs ehrnvhe `rad Dfcuhj„s Ncthmrfj, wgnlg wh gfvhsgawc nc dy waro @njhs X Fce H ta gfvh f praàuce lacchltnac ta cfturh.Nt rhflghs dflg 6 ft shf jhvhj fce 07 ehmrhhs @fgrhcghnt nc 6.7 onjadhthrs,

wgnlg ns >/8 tgft allurs nc cfturh nc maje, snjvhr, suc, daac, Hfrtg, Iupnthr\fturc, fce tgft ucn`nhs pn wntg tgh majehc rftna fce pn wntg hujhr„scudkhr, h. Caw nt shhds ta ynhje f chw dhthr àr wgnlg hfrtg mrfvnty nsthc, fce kfsh thc ns aur cudkhr systhd, fce tgft ac wgnlg tgh dhtrnlsysthd ns kfshe. Caw jht us jaao ft tgh phrnae a` phceujud wntg f strncm jhcmtg a` ach chw dhthr9

U 4 ; " cd

62 cd / s / s4 6.>70>6=08< # ;shl aces

F strncm a` chw dhthr jhcmtg rauces ta f phrnae a` twa shlaces, wgnlgdhfcs nt gfs f swncm `rad jh`t ta rnmgt ar `rad rnmgt ta jh`t a` ach shlace.

Ugus wh eh`nch chw dhthrs fs 2.>76 dhthrs fce shlaces stfy tgh sfdh.

Nfc Khfresjhy \hpthdkhr 60, ;26<



>=

Lrhftncm F \ysthd A` Xcnts

Ugh wgajh nehf ns ta rheh`nch tgh ucnts a` dhfsurhdhct tgft frh ft tghàuceftnac a` pgysnls “ dfss, jhcmtg, fce tndh “ sulg tgft tghy gfvh f praàuce lacchltnac wntg cfturh. Nt gfs khhc summhsthe nc dy waro, @njhs

X Fce H fce tghnr caths, tgft sulg fc hcehfvar sgauje kh ucehrtfohc. ]hgfvh fjrhfey ehfjt wntg jhcmtg nc aur eh`ncntnac a` chw dhthrs (cd) fce whgfvh summhsthe tgft tgh ucnts àr tndh sgauje stfy tgh sfdh (shlaces)

khlfush tghy frh fjrhfey praàucejy lacchlthe ta cfturh nc tghnrlacchltnac ta tgh ratftnacfj phrnae a` tgh hfrtg fce nts arkntfj phrnae, n` catta atghr tgncms. ]h frh tghc jh`t wntg ehfjncm wntg dfss, (tgh pauce fceonjamrfd, mrfds,… htl.)

]h lacsnehr tghc, tgh tndh nt tfohs ta rhflg dflg ach ft tgh stfcefrelacentnacs (07 ehmrhhs @fgrhcghnt fce tgh prhssurh ft shf jhvhj) wgnlg ns<;2/<< shlaces ta ush f ljash rfltnacfj fppraxndftnac, Ugns mnvhs9

(v) 4 (;,>52 ld/s) + (<,;<5 ld/s/s)(<;2/<< s) 4 ;>.52 d/s + <6<.0 d/s 4<5< d/s

]h shh tgns fppraflg cat acjy mnvhs f wgajh cudkhr vhjalnty, kut tgh enmntsnc tgh vfjuh fee up ta tgh thc a` tgh kfsh thc lauctncm systhd. Ugns waujencenlfth tgft nt ns f davh nc tgh rnmgt enrhltnac, n` cat fc hxfdpjh a` wgft

wh sgauje cat ea. ]h `nce tgh dadhctud a` sulg f vhjalnty àr achonjamrfd fce nt ns tgh cudkhr ntshj`9

(6 om)(<5< d/s) 4 <5< Chwtac shlaces

]h shho f vhjalnty nc cfturh sa wh lfc `nce f chw vfjuh àr onjamrfds whlfc lfjj chw onjamrfds (com).

Ugft ns,

(dfss)(vhjalnty) 4 <5< Chwtac shlaces

Ughc wh jaao ft tgh ùcltnacfjnty a` sulg f vfjuh àr dfss, nc cfturh.

Nfc Khfresjhy

Cavhdkhr =, ;26<



>7

Ns Ugh Hxtrfthrrhstrnfj Dhssfmh [hfj1

N wfs jhfe nc dy rhshfrlg ta tgnco tghrh wfs maae rhfsac wh sgauje try ta lrhfth f systhda` ucnts àr dhfsurhdhct a` pgysnlfj rhfjnty tgft cat acjy rhjfthe tgh àat-pauce systhd tatgh dhtrnl systhd kut tgft lacchlthe ta Cfturh nc f praàuce wfy, ar, n` cat, ush tgh

lacchltnac khtwhhc tgh twa systhds ta fne us nc `ncencm ach tgft ns darh praàucejylacchlthe ta cfturh tgfc fcytgncm wh gfvh sa `fr.

Ncthrhstncmjy, N gfe summhsthe wh sgauje cat lgfcmh tgh ucnt a` tndh, ach shlace, khlfushN khjnhvhe nt wfs fjrhfey lacchlthe ta cfturh nc f praàuce wfy, fs N autjnche nc dy kaao\HUN9 Fcatghr \nmcfj Nc \fmnttfrnus nc tgh lgfpthr ft tgh khmnccncm tntjhe Ugh Efclh A` Ugh Ghfvhcs.

N `nce tgft ncthrhstncm khlfush tgft praàuce lacchltnac jfy nc tgh lacchltnac a` tgh tgrhhsphlnfj trnfcmjhs ta tgh <08 efy yhfr nc tgft <08 ns ljash ta tgh <02 ehmrhhs nc f lnrljh,wgnlg dhfcs hflg efy a` tgh yhfr rhprhshct fkaut ach ehmrhh a` datnac a` tgh Hfrtg

frauce tgh \uc.

N caw rhfjnzh tgft fs whjj, tgh ndpartfclh a` dy gypatghtnlfj dhssfmh `radhxtrfthrrhstrnfjs ns nc tgh sfdh nehf9 Ugft, nt lacchlts tgh Hfrtg yhfr ta tgh tgrhh sphlnfjtrnfcmjhs. Eahs tgns suppart tgh nehf tgft tgh gypatghtnlfj dhssfmh `rad hxtrfthrrhstrnfjsns rhfj fce tgft wh sgauje rhfjjy jaao àr f systhd a` dhfsurhdhct tgft ns darhpraàucejy lacchlthe wntg cfturh1

Nfc KhfresjhyEhlhdkhr <, ;26<



>>

Chw \hlaces

Jht„s try ta dfoh f chw ucnt `ar tgh eurftnac a` f shlace, fce lfjj nt chw shlaces (cs).]h ehrnvh nt sulg tgft tgh hfrtg davhs tgraumg ach ehmrhh nc f efy.

(<6,88=,022 shlaces/yhfr)/(<02 efys) 4 7=,002 chw shlaces/efy

(;5 gaurs)(02 dnc)(02 shlaces) 4 70,522 shlace/ efy

7=,002 cs/70,522 shl 4 6.26587<<<< cs/shl 4 57=/572 cs/shl

Ar,

2.>780;0;7< shl/cs 4 572/57= shl/cs

]h `auce tgh phrnae a` f phceujud nc chw dhthrs (cd) wfs

U 4 6.>70>6=08< shlaces

Lacvhrt tgft ta chw shlaces (cs) fce wh mht9

(6.>70>6=08< shlaces)(6.265877<<<< cs/shl) 4 ;.2687><8;> chw shlaces

Ugft dhfcs n` wh ush chw dhthrs fce chw shlaces tgh phrnae a` f phceujud wntg jhcmtgach chw dhthr gfs f phrnae a` fjdast hxfltjy twa chw shlaces (ta f gucerhetg a` fshlace) wgnlg dhfcs ach swncm `rad jh`t ta rnmgt ar `rad rnmgt ta jh`t gfs f phrnae fjdasthxfltjy ach chw shlace.



622

[fceadjy Hvajvhe Xcnts Cat \a [fcead Nc Cfturh

]h gfvh `auce >/8 nc katg tgh dhtrnl systhd fce `aat-pauce systhd,thdphrfturh nc lhctnmrfeh fce `fgrhcghnt fce ta kh lacchlthe ta cfturhfce ta ucn`y pn fce tgh majehc rftna fce pn fce hujhr„s cudkhr. Hfrtg

mrfvnty (m) nc tgh dhtrnl systhd ns ach darh ta fee ta tgh jnst9

>76 ld/sS;

Nt gfs tgh cnch a` cnch-`n`tgs, tgh ach fce hnmgt tgft dfoh up tgh 6.7 tgft ns>/8, fce tgh hnmgt dncus tgh ach (=) ns tgh fvhrfmh a` cnch-`n`tgs.

]h gfvh summhsthe tgft hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs nc`juhclhe tgh hvhcts tgft jhfe taaur eh`ncncm a` ucnts. [hfe ‚@njhs X Fce H— ky Nfc Khfresjhy.

Nfc Khfresjhy

\hpthdkhr 6;, ;26<



626

]gy try ta `nce fcatghr systhd a` ucnts tgft ns darh praàucejy lacchltheta Cfturh fce Ugh Xcnvhrsh1Khlfush tghc usncm nt nc tgh laursh a` slnhctn`nl rhshfrlg, f mrfce ehsnmcàr Cfturh fce tgh Xcnvhrsh lauje pjap aut ac aur jfps fs f sneh h``hlt. Ngfvh fjrhfey àuce tgft aur lurrhct systhds a` ucnts, katg dhtrnl fce àat-

pauce, frh praàucejy lacchlthe ta cat iust tgh Xcnvhrsh fce Cfturh, kutta ach fcatghr. Ughsh systhds gfvh f gnstary a` rfcead hvajutnac `radeh`ncncm, àr hxfdpjh, whnmgt ky tgh whnmgt a` f lanc fce pfrtnlujfr oncm dncthe, ta laddntthhs ehkftncm fce vatncm ac gaw ta lrhfth tgh dhtrnlsysthd. N gfvh tghrhàrh summhsthe tgft hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs gfvh sadhgaw nc`juhclhe tgh autladh a` tghnr ladpjnlfthe hvajutnacs, phrgfps ta ush usfs fc hxphrndhct ar tghnr awc hces, ar ta ghjp us. Gawhvhr, N gfvhsummhsthe ach atghr dhlgfcnsd àr tgh eycfdnl strulturhs tghy gfvh, fcetgft ns tgft tgh wfy wh eh`nch ucnts tgraumg f rfcead hvajutnac lauje gfvhf thcehcly tawfres tgh cudkhrs N fd `ncencm wgnlg frh kunjt frauce >, 8,fce 68. Nt gfs fjrhfey khhc enslavhrhe nc f dftghdftnlfj tghary, wgnlg

gfs khhc vhrn`nhe, tgh cfdh hjuehs dh, tgft cudkhrs aktfnche nc tfoncm eftf wntg rhsphlt ta Cfturh, wnjj typnlfjjy gfvh jhfencm enmnts darhrhlurrhct tgfc atghrs. N khjnhvh tgh cudkhr 6 ns dastjy jnohjy ta allur, fceN rhdhdkhr tgft > ns tgh jhfst jnohjy. @uccy khlfush > ns prhlnshjy tghcudkhr N `nce dast nc tgh eh`ncntnacs a` aur ucnts, jnoh >/8 ehmrhhslhctnmrfeh phr ucnt @fgrhcghnmgt fce >76 ld phr shl squfrhe àr hfrtgmrfvnty. Kut tghc àr hvhry Lfdus, tghrh ns f \frtrh, fce N dnmgt iust khshhncm tgh atghr sneh a` tgh lanc.



62;

N gfvh ehvhjaphe f Mypsy Lasdajamy kfshe frauce tgh tgrhh cudkhrs >/8,8/<. fce 68. Ugh cudkhr 68 lfdh ta dh ky wfy a` f Mypsy \gfdfc lfjjheDfcuhj. Caw N gfvh àuce f lacchltnac ta tgh hfrtg ljndfth. Jht dh `nrst

krnh`jy ensluss sadh a` tgh `ncencms, tghc N wnjj prhshct tgh lacchltnac taljndfth, tghc N wnjj prhshct ach pfmh tgft mahs ncta sadh a` tgh ehhphr

hjhdhcts laclhrcncm tgh Mypsy Lasdajamy.

]ghc wh sfy cnch-`n`tgs ns nc tgh dajfr dfss a` maje ta tgh dajfr dfss a` snjvhr fce nc tgh sajfr rfenus ta tgh hfrtg-daac shpfrftnac, wh dnmgt wfctta panct aut tgft nt ns fppraprnfth khlfush tgh suc ns maje nc lajar fce tghdaac ns snjvhr nc lajar.

N caw ùrtghr ma ac ta sfy tgft tgns cnch-`n`tgs ucn`nhs tgh twa dastndpartfct rftnas nc dftghdftnls pn fce tgh majehc rftna (pgn), nc tgft

pn + pgn 4 <.656 + 6.067 4 5.=8>

Khlfush tgh cudkhrs f`thr tgh ehlndfj nc tgh sud (tghndpartfct pfrt) frh 8 fce > fce =, tgh fvhrfmh a` 8 fce cnch.Nt wauje shhd >/8 ucn`nhs hujhr„s cudkhr, h, fce pn, fs whjj9

(pn) + (h) 4 <.656 + ;.=67 4 8.78>

Ugh shlace cudkhr f`thr tgh ehlndfj ns tgh 8 nc cnch-`n`tgs, fce tgh tgnrecudkhr f`thr tgh ehlndfj ns tgh > nc cnch-`n`tgs. Ugh `nrst cudkhr f`thr tghehlndfj ns hnmgt. Ugns ns snmcn`nlfct khlfush tgh 7 ns tgh 7 nc 6.7, wgnlg ns>/8 envnehe aut. Ugh ach wnjj tfoh yau fjj tgh wfy frauce f lnrljh, wgft ns

jh`t ns 2.7.

Ua rhfe tgh ùjj tghsns, wgnlg prapashs hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs jh`t tghnrtgudkprnct nc aut pgysnls, hvhc f dhssfmh, fce àr wgnlg N lfjlujfth ntsarnmnc ta kh nc tgh sfdh pjflh, \fmnttfrnus, fs tgh \HUN ]aw! \nmcfj, shh dy pfphr ft9

gttp9//nssuu.lad/hfckfresjhy/eals/darhQacjnch

Lfjjhe ‚Darh Ugft Lfc Kh \fne—.

Nfc Khfresjhy @hkrufry ;=, ;265



62<

Dfcuhj„s Cudkhr Fce Cnch-`n`tgs Lacchlthe ta Ljndfth

Ugh sajfr judncasnty ns9

J2

4 <.> " 62 ;0 I / s

Ugh fvhrfmh enstfclh a` tgh Hfrtg `rad tgh \uc ns9

6.8 " 62 66d

Ughrhàrh tgh sajfr lacstfct ns9

\ 2

4

<.> " 62 ;0

5 # (6.8 " 62 66 ) ;4 6,<=2 wftts / dhthr ;

Ugft ns tgh fdauct a` hchrmy phr shlace phr squfrh dhthr gnttncm tgh Hfrtg.

Ugh rfenftnac, @, ns prapartnacfj ta tgh thdphrfturh, U ta tgh àurtg pawhr, fce hqufj kytgh \th`fc-Kajtzdfc lacstfct, snmdf9

@ 4 " U 5

" 4 8.0= # 62 $ 7 ]d $ ; O $ 5

Ugns mnvhs tgh thdphrfturh, U, ft tgh tap a` tgh \uc„s pgataspghrh ns9

U40,222 ehmrhhs Ohjvnc

Ugh pjfchtfry fjkhea, f, ns tgh fdauct a` rfenftnac `rad tgh \uc tgft tgh Hfrtg rh`jhltskflo ncta spflh wgnlg ns <2%. Ughrhàrh f42.< ns tgh pjfchtfry fjkhea. Ughrhàrh tghHfrtg rhlhnvhs =2% a` tgh \uc„s jnmgt, ar, nc atghr wares9

\ 2 (6 " f )# r ;

5 # r ;4

\ 2

5(6 " f ) 4 $ U 5

U 4 ;88 O 4 " 67a L

Ugft ns tgh thdphrfturh tgh Hfrtg wauje kh n` nt gfe ca ftdaspghrh, dncus hnmgthhcehmrhhs lhctnmrfeh. Ugh akshrvhe fvhrfmh thdphrfturh ns9

U 4 68 a

L

@n`thhc ehmrhhs lhctnmrfeh. Ugh wntgaut fc ftdaspghrh thdphrfturh, tgh dncus 67ehmrhhs lhctnmrfeh, ns tgh ach fce hnmgt a` 6.7 tgft ns tgh Cnch-@n`tgs upac wgnlg wh gfvhkunjt aur Mypsy Lasdajamy. Ugh `n`thhc Ehmrhhs ns tgh Mypsy„s 68.



625

Ugh Mhchsns Gypatghsns

Nt ns dy muhss tgft Ugh Mhchsns Rraihlt “ dfoncm f jn`h sustfncncm pjfcht “ wauje kh fttfncfkjh ky usncm f pjfcht nc arknt frauce f stfr a` f judncasnty tgft ns fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra ft f enstfclh `rad nt tgft ns tgh sfdh fs tgh

enstfclh khtwhhc tgh pjfcht \fturc fce tgh \uc. N lfjj tgns ‚Ugh MhchsnsGypatghsns—.

Ugh gncts gneehc nc Cfturh tgft jhfes dh ta tgns muhss frh9

6. Ugh hchrmy rhqunrhe ta davh tgh hfrtg `rad tgh suc ta nts arknt a` ach fstracadnlfj ucnt ns fkaut >5.; sajfr judncasntnhs rfenfthe avhrf yhfr, f cudkhr ljash ta tgh cudkhr a` cfturfjjy allurrncm hjhdhcts, wgnlg frh >;. >; sajfr judncasntnhs frh ljash ta tghjudncasnty a` fc fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfr. Ughrh frh prhlnshjy 78.8;8. N` wh fvhrfmh tgns wntg 622 sajfr judncasntnhs wh gfvh

>;.=0;8 sajfr judncasntnhs, vhry ljash ta tgh cudkhr a` cfturfjjy allurrncm hjhdhcts.;. \fturc gfs tgh dast pradnchct rncm systhd nc tgh sajfr systhd. Nt ns

fkaut 62 tndhs ùrtghr `rad tgh suc tgfc tgh Hfrtg ns `rad tgh suc,fce n` fc fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfr ns fkaut 622 sajfrjudncasntnhs, ky tgh ncvhrsh squfrh jfw tgh gfkntfkjh zach a` fcfksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfr ns tgh sfdh enstfclh `rad tgft stfr fs\fturc ns `rad tgh \uc.

<. N àuce fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfrs gfvh f lacchltnac wntg fchcnmdftnl allurrhclh a` <.= nc tgh Xcnvhrsh.

Laclhrtncm cudkhr <, tgh jftthr panct, N gfe wrntthc fkaut tgraumg dy lgfrflthr Jhacfre nc Ugh \hlrht A` Chptuch9

Jhacfre rh`hrrhe ta gns phrnaenl tfkjh a` tgh hjhdhcts fce catnlhe tgft tghrftna a` Maje (lghdnlfj sydkaj Fu) ta Nrac (lghdnlfj sydkaj @h) wfs <.8.

]gy wfs tgns ndpartfct1 Gh `nmurhe nt wfs ndpartfct khlfush tghjudncasnty a` f stfr nclrhfshs hxpachctnfjjy fs tgh dfss a` f stfr, fce tgfthxpachct wfs <.8.

Maje gfs khhc lacsnehrhe tgh dast prhlnaus dhtfj snclh khàrh tgh FclnhctHmyptnfcs Kurnhe tghnr oncms nc tadks wntg trhfsurhs dfeh a` tgh stu``, ta

taefy fs tgh dast prhlnaus a` lhrhdacnfj ihwhjrnhs, fce tgh ush a` Nracdfrohe tgh khmnccncm a` fc fmh àr gudfcs tgft lactncuhs ta tgns efy. Ghcatnlhe n` gh jht fc fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfr, wgnlg gh gfe sgawc wfsndpartfct, kh raucehe ta 622 sajfr judncasntnhs, wgnlg put nts gfkntfkjhzach ft \fturc arknt frauce tgh suc, fce ushe tgft cudkhr nc tgh hquftnac,nt wauje gfvh f dfss a` <.= sucs. Gh àuce <.= wfs ndpartfct nc gnsàjjawncm enslavhry9



628

_(vajudh a` sfturc)/(vajudh a` Iupnthr)T(vajudh a` dfrs)

4(dhrlury rfenus)(hfrtg rfenus)S;

4_(vhcus arknt/hfrtg arknt)(hfrtg rfenus)TS<

4_(dhrlury arknt)/(hfrtg arknt)T(hfrtg rfenus)S<

42.<= luknl hfrtg rfenn

2.<= lfc kh lacvhrthe ta <.= ky dujtnpjyncm nt ky tgh rftna a` hfrtg dfss tadfrs dfss khlfush nt ns ljash ta thc.

(hfrtg rfenus)/(daac rfenus)4

5(ehmrhhs nc f lnrljh)(daac enstfclh)/(suc enstfclh)

4 <.=

Ughrh frh fkaut fs dfcy efys nc f yhfr fs ehmrhhs nc f lnrljh.

… Fce tghrhàrh fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfrs (kjuh stfrs) whrh aclhfmfnc rhjhvfct ta tgh gudfc stary.

N gfe ùrtghr wrntthc f trhftnsh ac Kjuh \tfrs, fs àjjaws—

Nc arehr ta ehvhjap f ladprhghcsnvh hxapajntnls (pajntnls khtwhhc tgh

spflh`frncm warjes) ach gfs ta lfthmarnzh tgh en``hrhct onces a` stfrs fcehxpjfnc tghnr rhjhvfclh snclh tghy frh tgash tgncms, wgnlg wfrd tgh warjes. N arnmncfjjy tgaumgt kjuh stfrs whrh a` prndh ndpartfclh, kut ntdfy kh fjj stfrs (wgnlg wh wnjj envneh ncta àur lfthmarnhs9 rhe, yhjjaw,

kjuh, wgnth) frh ndpartfct nc en``hrhct wfys. N ghrh khmnc tgh pralhss,stfrtncm wntg kjuh stfrs.

Dy lfjlujftnacs laclhrcncm fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfrs (Kjuh \tfrs) frhfs àjjaws9

Lgfpthr 79 Jhacfre Lfjlujfths F @ucltnacfj \tfr \ysthdHctry9 Uapnl9 Kjuh \tfrs

]h wnjj `nce tgh hchrmy rhqunrhe ta davh tgh hfrtg a` dfss d, `rad tghsur`flh a` tgh suc ucehr nts mrfvnty, ta nts lurrhct arknt a` ach fstracadnlfjucnt, tgh suc a` dfss D.



620

Ugh hchrmy mnvhc ta davh sadhtgncm fmfncst mrfvnty ns mnvhc ky tgh ]aro, ]9

]aro 4 ] 4 @ es

@ ns @arlh. Nc tgh lfsh a` tgh suc fce hfrtg, wh ush Chwtac„s XcnvhrsfjJfw a` Mrfvnty9

@ 4

MDd

r ;

]h ncthmrfth `rad [ ta r (`rad tgh rfenus a` tgh suc ta tgh arknt a` hfrtg)9

] 4 @ "er # 4 $MDd

r

M ns tgh ucnvhrsfj lacstfct a` mrfvnty.

M 4 0.0=;H-27 nc eyc-lhctndhthr squfrhe-phr shlace squfrhe Fce, D 4 6.>7>H<< mrfds Fce d 4 8.>=0H;= mrfds Fce [ 40.>8>>H62 lhctndhthrs Fce r 4 6.5>8>=>H6< lhctndhthrs

Hvfjuftncm tgh ncthmrfj `ar waro, ]9

MDd 4 (0.0=; H " 27)(6.>7> H <<)(8.>=0 H ;=)

]gnlg ns hqufj ta =.><H8<

(=.><H8<)/(0.>8>>H62) 4 6.65H5< hrms

(=.><H8<)/(6.5>8>=>H6<) 4 8.<2H52 hrms

6.65H5< “ 8.<2H52 4 6.6<H5< hrms

6 hrm 4 6H-2= iaujhs

Ugh `ncfj fcswhr ns 6.6<H<0 Iaujhs a` hchrmy ta davh hfrtg `rad tgh suc ta

nts arknt.

]h caw lfjlujfth gaw dfcy tndhs krnmgthr tgh suc gfs ta kh ta hqufj tghfccufj autput a` hchrmy (judncasnty) a` wgft wh iust lfjlujfthe, tghhchrmy ta davh tgh hfrtg `rad tgh sur`flh a` tgh suc ta nts lurrhct arknt.

\hlaces nc f yhfr9



62=

(<08 efys)(;5 gaurs)(02 dncuths)(02 shlaces) 4 <.68H=

\ajfr judncasnty ns9 <.7;0H;0 I/s

(<.7;0H;0 I/s)(<.68H= s) 4 6.;6H<5 I/yr

(6.;H<5)x 4 6.6<H<0 I

Fce, x 4 >5.;

Ugh suc dust kh >5.; tndhs fs judncaus `ar nts fccufj autput nc hchrmy tahqufj tgh hchrmy rhqunrhe ta davh tgh hfrtg `rad nts sur`flh ta nts lurrhctarknt.

]h lfjlujfthe tgft fc akihlt gfs ta kh fkaut >5 tndhs fsjudncaus fs tgh suc ta gfvh fc fccufj autput nc hchrmy avhr f

yhfr, tgft hqufjs tgh hchrmy rhqunrhe ta davh tgh hfrtg radtgh sur`flh a` tgh suc ta nts arknt, fce tghrh frh >; cfturfjjy allurrncm hjhdhcts fs a` yht, f cudkhr ljash ta tgh `fltar a` >5.

Jht us rauce tgft judncasnty ta >5 sajfr judncasntnhs, fce lfjlujfth tghfksajuth dfmcntueh a` sulg fc akihlt.

;.86; x 4 >5

x jam ;.86; 4 jam >5

2.5x 4 6.>=<

x 4 5.><

Ugh suc gfs fc fksajuth dfmcntueh a` 5.7< wgnlg ns fkaut `nvh. Ughfksajuth dfmcntueh a` aur akihlt ns 5.>< sthps nc dfmcntueh krnmgthr tgfctgh suc, wgnlg ns fkaut `nvh dfmcntuehs krnmgthr tgfc tgh suc. @nvh sthps

krnmgthr ns `nvh dncus `nvh, wgnlg mnvhs aur akihlt fc fksajuth dfmcntueh a` zhra. Ugus tgh systhd a` tgh fclnhcts gfs f zhra dfmcntueh rhjfthe sahjhmfctjy ta tgh cudkhr a` tgh cfturfjjy allurrncm hjhdhcts fce tgh

hchrmy rhqunrhe ta davh tgh hfrtg `rad tgh suc ta hfrtg arknt. F zhra fksajuth dfmcntueh akihlt ns f stfr a` sphltrfj ljfss K ac tgh dfncshquhclh. Ugft ns nts lajar ns kjuh.

Ugh gfkntfkjh zach a` f pjfcht ns tgh arkntfj enstfclh `rad f stfr tgft fjjaws wfthr ta hxnst fs f jnqune. \nclh aur zhra dfmcntueh stfr ns fkaut >5 tndhsdarh judncaus tgfc tgh suc, fs N gfvh lfjlujfthe nt, tgh gfkntfkjh zach `ar



627

f pjfcht frauce tgns zhra dfmcntueh stfr ns ùrtghr `rad nt tgfc tgh hfrtgns `rad tgh suc. Judncasnty, ar tgh fdauct a` jnmgt mnvhc a`` ky f stfrehlrhfshs fs tgh squfrh a` tgh enstfclh `rad tgh stfr (shh tgh ncvhrshsqufrh jfw). \nclh tgns dfmcntueh zhra stfr ns fkaut >5 tndhs krnmgthr tgfctgh suc, fce tghrh ns sadh pjfy nc tgh gfkntfkjh zach, wh lfc, àr hfsh a`

lfjlujftnac, fce hjhmfclh, sfy aur stfr ns 622 tndhs darh judncaus tgfctgh suc. \nclh thc squfrhe ns 622 tgh gfkntfkjh zach frauce aur kjuh,sphltrfj ljfss K, zhra dfmcntueh stfr ns 62 fstracadnlfj ucnts `rad nt. Ugnsputs tgh arknt a` f pjfcht frauce tgh stfr ft tgh sfdh enstfclh \fturc ns`rad tgh suc.

Ugh stfrs ac tgh dfnc shquhclh àrd fc \ sgfphe lurvh wghrhjudncasnty nclrhfshs wntg dfss. Ugh suc ns hxfltjy nc tgh dneejha` tgns lurvh, fc fvhrfmh, yhjjaw stfr a` sphltrfj ljfss M. Ughrhjftnacsgnp `rad f sfdpjh a` dfcy stfrs sgaws tgft dfss, D nsrhjfthe ta judncasnty, J fs àjjaws9

J 4 D <.8

]h lfc `nce tgh dfss a` aur zhra dfmcntueh stfr wntg tgns9

622 4 D <.8

jam 622 4 <.8 jam D

(;)/(<.8) 4 jam D

2.8= 4 jam D

D 4 62 2.8=4 <.=

Aur zhra dfmcntueh, kjuh, sphltrfj ljfss K stfr ns <.= sajfrdfsshs.

Ugh dfss a` tgh suc nc mrfds ns9

6.>7>H<< m

Ugns dhfcs aur zhra dfmcntueh kjuh, sphltrfj ljfss K stfr gfsf dfss a`9

(6.>7>H<< m)(<.= sajfr dfsshs) 4 =.<0H<< mrfds



62>

]h lfc ush Ohpjhr„s tgnre jfw a` pjfchtfry datnac `ar lnrlujfrarknts ta lfjlujfth tgh yhfr a` f pjfcht nc lnrlujfr arkntfrauce aur zhra dfmcntueh, sphltrfj ljfss K, kjuh stfr. Nt ns9

U 4 ; " r <

MD

]ghrh U ns tgh arkntfj phrnae, ar yhfr a` tgh pjfcht ncquhstnac, fce r ns nts arkntfj enstfclh `rad tgh stfr, M ns tghucnvhrsfj lacstfct a` mrfvntftnac, fce D ns tgh dfss a` tghstfr tgh kaey ns arkntncm.

; " 4

;(<.656)4

0.;7;

r 4 62 fstracadnlfj ucnts

6 fstracadnlfj ucnt ns 6.8H6< ld

(6.8H6< ld)(62 fstracadnlfj ucnts) 4 (6.8H65 ld)

r <4 <.<=8 H 5;

M40.0=;H-7 (eyc ld squfrhe)/(m squfrhe)

r <

MD 4

<.<=8 H 5;

(0.0=; H " 7)(=.<0 H <<) 4 0.7=H68

0.7= H 68) 4 7.< H = shlaces

(7.<H= shlaces)(0.;7;) 4 8.;H7 shlaces

(8.;H7 shlaces)/(02 shlaces) 4 7.0=H0 dncuths

(7.0=H0 dncuths)/(02 dncuths) 4 6.558H8 gaurs

(6.558H8 gaurs)/(;5 gaurs) 4 0.2;8H< efys

(0.2;H<H< efys)/(<08.;8 efys) 4 60.57 hfrtg yhfrs

Ugh arknt a` tgh pjfcht frauce aur zhra dfmcntueh, sphltrfjljfss K, kjuh stfr ns 60.57 hfrtg yhfrs. Ugh ljashst arkntfj phrnae



662

ta tgns nc aur sajfr systhd ns tgft a` Iupnthr ft 66.70 yhfrs. Ugfta` \fturc ns ;>.8 hfrtg yhfrs.

\tfrs frh fppraxndfth kjflokaey rfenftars, wghrh f kjflokaey ns tgft wgnlg fksarks fjj ncladncm rfenftnac, fce hdnts tgh dfxndud fdauct a`

rfenftnac `ar nts thdphrfturh. ]h fso, fllarencm tgh jfws a` kjflokaenhs,mnvhc tgh judncasnty a` fc fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfr, fce nts sur`flhthdphrfturh, wgft ns nts rfenus.

Ugh lajar ncehx a` f stfr (K-P) 622 tndhs darh judncaus tgfc tgh suc ns acfc G-[ enfmrfd, -2.6;, wgnlg larrhspaces ta dfcy fksajuth zhradfmcntueh zhra stfrs, fce sur`flh thdphrfturh a` 6<,222 ehmrhhs Ohjvnc.Uhdphrfturh a` f stfr ns rhjfthe ta nts pawhr rfenfthe phr ucnt sur`flh ky tgh \th`fc-Kajtzdfcc jfw9

[

[s

4

U s

U "

# $ %

& '

; J

Js

"

#

$

%

&

'

6

;

]ghrh [ ns tgh rfenus a` tgh stfr, [ sukslrnpt \ ns tgh rfenus a` tgh suc, Usukslrnpt \ ns tgh thdphrfturh a` tgh suc nc ehmrhhs Ohjvnc, U ns tghthdphrfturh a` stfr nc ehmrhhs Ohjvnc, J ns tgh judncasnty a` tgh stfr, fce Jsukslrnpt \ ns tgh judncasnty a` tgh suc.

]h gfvh9

(8722 /6<,222);

(;.86;5.7<

)

6

; 4

(2.6>>)(>.;) 4 6.7 sajfr rfenn

]h gfvh ushe tgh thdphrfturh a` tgh suc 8722 ehmrhhs Ohjvnc fce 5.7< “ 24 5.7< wghrh 5.7< ns tgh fksajuth dfmcntueh a` tgh suc.

Aur fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra dfnc shquhclh stfr ns 6.7 tndhs jfrmhr tgfctgh suc.

]h gfvh sfne tgft f stfr ac tgh dfnc shquhclh a` 622 sajfr judncasntnhs ns

ljash ta fc fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfr. Iust gaw ljash ns nt1 ]h ush9H6/H; 4 ;.86;S-(2-5.7<) 4 ;.86;S5.7<

]ghrh H6 ns tgh judncasnty a` tgh stfr, fce H; ns tgh judncasnty a` tgh suc,5.7< ns tgh fksajuth dfmcntueh a` tgh suc. Ugns mnvhs9

H6 4 78.8;8H;



666

Ar nc atghr wares, fc fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfr ns 78.8;8 sajfrjudncasntnhs. Ugns ns vhry ljash ta aur 622 sajfr judncasntnhs lacsnehrncm f stfr lfc kh darh tgfc f dnjjnac sajfr judncasntnhs

N khjnhvh zhra dfmcntueh stfrs ac tgh dfnc shquhclh frh ndpartfct, n` cata`` tgh dfnc shquhclh, nc tgft tghy frh lacchlthe ta aur stfr, tgh suc,tgraumg tgh cudkhr a` cfturfjjy allurrncm hjhdhcts, tgh hfrtg arkntfjphrnae, fce tgh fdauct a` hchrmy nt wauje tfoh ta davh tgh hfrtg `rad tghsuc ta nts arknt. \ulg stfrs, ar pjus ar dncus ach dfmcntueh a` krnmgtchss,frh a` sphltrfj ljfss F ta sphltrfj ljfss K. Ughy frh ndpartfct khlfush tghsuc ns ndpartfct, fs nt ns f stfr nc wgnlg f jn`h khfrncm pjfcht, tgh hfrtg, gfsàrdhe.

N khjnhvh \fturc ns ndpartfct, khlfush nt ns ft fc arkntfj enstfclh `rad tghsuc tgft ns nc dy praihlthe gfkntfkjh zach àr f zhra dfmcntueh stfr, ac tghdfnc shquhclh. Khlfush a` tgns, N `hhj nt ns ca lanclnehclh tgft \fturc gfsrncms. ]gft wh gfvh ghrh, nc tgns waro, ns f ljuh ta tgh shlrht a` arnmncs, ncpfrtnlujfr ta tgh strulturh tgft fjjaws àr jn`h.

Ugh fksajuth dfmcntueh a` f stfr ns nts judncasnty ft f sht enstfclh `rad tghakshrvhr, wgnlg gfs khhc sht ft 62 pfrshls. Ach pfrshl ns <.;0 jnmgt yhfrs,

wghrh f jnmgt yhfr ns tgh enstfclh jnmgt trfvhjs nc ach yhfr, ar nc tgh tndh nttfohs tgh hfrtg ta dfoh ach rhvajutnac frauce tgh suc, nc atghr wares. F

pfrshl ns fjsa tgh pfrfjjfx a` f stfr dhfsurhe ky enspjflncm achshj` ky fcfstracadnlfj ucnt, wghrh fc fstracadnlfj ucnt ns tgh fvhrfmh enstfclh a` tgh hfrtg `rad tgh suc, nc nts chfrjy lnrlujfr arknt. Ugns larrhspaces ta f pfrfjjfx fcmjh a` ach frl shlace.

Dy khjnh` ns n` yau wfct ta mht ft wgft cfturh ns, eac„t warry fkaut khncm rnmgt ac nc dfcy fsphlts a` waro, khlfush nc frt f lnrljh ucljashe ns f lnrljhljashe ky tgh laclhpt nc frt tghy lfjj ljasurh, f cfturh a` tgh wfy tghgudfc hyh waros wntg tgh dnce. Ns wgft wh frh shhncm ghrh ns tgh raumgsohtlg a` cfturh, tgh nehf.

]h gfvh sfne fc fksajuth dfmcntueh zhra stfr gfs 78.8;8 sajfrjudncasntnhs fce tgft nt ns lacvhcnhct ta lfjj nt 622 sajfr judncasntnhs fttndhs. ]h fvhrfmh tgh twa vfjuhs9

(78.8;8+622)/; 4 >;.=0;8

Ughrh frh hxfltjy >; cfturfjjy allurrncm hjhdhcts. Ugns fvhrfmh nshxtrhdhjy ljash ta tgft. ]h ush tgns `flt nc aur mhchsns praihlt.



66<

stfrs, fce N waujec„t kh tgh `nrst ta summhst nt wfs hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs a` ncthjjnmhclh `fr khyace tgft a` tgh gudfc (gada sfpnhc) tgft gfe f gfce ncfjj a` tgns.

Dy enslavhry a` cnch-`n`tgs nc cfturh jhfe ta dy chptuch

hquftnac fce ta dy urfcus hquftnac. Cnch-`n`tgs N auce wfs tgh ync àr wgnlg yfcm wfs `nvh-tgnres.

]gft eahs tgns dhfc1 ]hjj n` Maje ta \njvhr ns 6.7, fce tnc ta zncl ns 6.7(Kraczh Fmh), tghc sgauje cat tgh chxt cudkhr nc tgh cnch-`n`tgs shquhclh,

wgnlg ns <.0, rhprhshct Ugh Nrac Fmh. ]hjj nt eahs. Fs nt turcs aut, maje(Fu) ta Nrac @h ns <.8, envnencm aut dajfr dfsshs, fs wh stfthe nc UghMhchsns Gypatghsns.

F`thr tgh Nrac Fmh, ach dnmgt lacsnehr nt ns caw, fce ns tgh \njnlac Fmh, khlfush snjnlac fjjaws àr ncthmrfthe lnrluntry. ]h lauje lfjj nt tgh fmh a` hjhltracnls, phrgfps khtthr tgh fmh a` enmntfj hjhltracnls. \njnlac sgaujetghc kh tgh tgnre thrd nc tgh cnch-`n`tgs shquhclh, wgnlg ns 8.5. Kut wh

wauje gfvh ta envneh nt ncta sadhtgncm. Ach wauje muhss nt wauje khHurapnud, khlfush nt gfs ca knajamnlfj ùcltnac, iust f ush àr hjhltracnls nctgft nt ns pgaspgarhslhct (mjaws). ]hjj iust fs N muhsshe, Hurapnud (Hu)envnehe ky \njnlac (\n) ns 8.59

Hu/\n 4686.>=/;7.2> 4 8.562662<0 ~ 8.5

Nt ns fjdast hxflt!

Ugh Fmh a` Ncthrsthjjfr Urfvhj

Unc ta zncl wfs tgh 6.7 a` Ugh Kraczh Fmh. Maje ta Nrac wfs tgh <.0 a` UghNrac Fmh. Hurapnud ta \njnlac wfs tgh 8.5 a` tgh Enmntfj Hjhltracnls Fmh.Ugh chxt cudkhr nc tgh cnch-`n`tgs shquhclh ns =.;. ]h fssudh tgft ns Ugh

Fmh a` Gyphrspftnfj Urfvhj. Nc atghr wares tgh fmh a` tgh ehvhjapdhct a` f stfrsgnp. Ughrh gfs khhc sadh ncenlftnac tgns wauje kh pawhrhe ky tghrhlhct feentnac ta Ugh Rhrnaenl Ufkjh A` Ugh Hjhdhcts, Hjhdhct 668(ftadnl dfss ;77). Ugh hjhdhct wfs rhlhctjy syctghsnzhe nc ;22<. Uaehthrdnch tgh hjhdhct tgft envnehs ncta nt ta dfoh =.;, wh wrnth9

;77/x 4 =.;

=.;x 4 ;77

;77/=.; 4 52 4 Lfjlnud 4 52.27

Ugh hjhdhct Lfjlnud. N gaphe ta `nce sadhtgncm tgft wauje kh f ljuh tadfoncm gyphrernvh (f stfr hcmnch). Kut Lfjlnud ns tgh dast fkucefct



665

dhtfj nc dfcy fcndfjs, dnchrfjnzncm ta dfoh kach, thhtg, fce sghjjs. Nt nsfjsa tgh `n`tg dast fkucefct hjhdhct nc tgh Hfrtg„s lrust ky dfss.



660

N gfvh sfne, snclh dy tghary summhst hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs mfvh usaur ucnts a` dhfsurhdhct, tgft hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs dnmgt gfvhmnvhc us aur vfrnfkjhs ushe nc pgysnls fce dftg, jnoh tgh ucntvhltars (n, i, o). N gfvh fjrhfey àuce f pftthrc fce pasthe nt.Gawhvhr, N wfs eancm dy L\82x ladputhr slnhclh gadhwarofce tryncm ta wrnth f pramrfd àr Lfhsfr„s Lnpghr. N wrath fsdfjj pramrfd fce ehlnehe ta thst nt. N` yau wrnth f pramrfdfce thst nt, stfcefre ncput ns ‚ghjja—. N put nc ghjja fce ta thst, rfc tgh pramrfd àr ratftncm lgfrflthrs ky 6, fce ;, fce <, fstghy frh tgh `nrst ncthmhrs fce tgh hfsnhst wntg wgnlg ta thstyaur pramrfd. Ugh rhsujt wfs tgh ‚g— ac ‚ghjja—, lfdh aut takh (n, i, o). Nc atghr wares yau mht tgft (n, i, o) ns f ghjja `rad

fjnhcs nc fllarefclh wntg dy hfrjnhr tgharnhs. N` tgns ns cat rhfjlactflt wntg hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs, nt ns mrhft lacthct àr f \ln-@ndavnh fkaut lactflt wntg hxtrfthrrhstrnfjs. Ghrh ns tghpramrfd N wrath, fce tgh rhsujt a` ruccncm nt9

Fs yau lfc shh N fd dfoncm sadh once a` f lnpghr, kut catLfhsfr„s Lnpghr

#ncljueh :stena.g3

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66=

[uccncm Iujnus 26

igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~)9 le Erapkax/psht; igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht;)9 dfoh iujnusljfcm -mmek< -A2 -ste4l>> -]fjj -]hrrar iujnus.l -jls82 -jd-a iujnus

igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht;)9 ./iujnus <Mnvh dh f pgrfsh9 ghjjao

igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht;)9 ./iujnus 5Mnvh dh f pgrfsh9 ghjjaj

igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht;)9 ./iujnus ;Mnvh dh f pgrfsh9 ghjja

i igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht;)9 ./iujnus 6Mnvh dh f pgrfsh9 ghjjan

igfrvfreBfppjnfclh (~/Erapkax/psht;)9



667

N pasthe ta dy kjam gttp9//lasfsknhcenlgfs.kjamspat.lad/

\ucefy, Ifcufry ;0, ;265F Rftthrc Hdhrmhs

(f, k, l) nc F\LNN ladputhr laeh ns (>=, >7, >>) tgh `nrst tgrhhcudkhrs khàrh f gucerhe fce 622 ns tatfjnty (622%).

(n, i, o) nc cudhrnl frh ns (>, 62, 66) tgh `nrst tgrhh cudkhrskhàrh twhjvh fce 6; ns tatfjnty nc tgh shcsh tgft 6; ns tgh dastfkucefct cudkhr àr nts snzh(envnsnkjh ky 6,;, <, 5, 0 4 60) ns jfrmhr tgfc 6;).

(x, y, z) nc F\LNN ladputhr laeh ns (6;2, 6;6, 6;;) tgh `nrsttgrhh cudkhrs khàrh 6;< fce 6;< ns tgh cudkhr wntg tghenmnts 6, ;, < wgnlg frh tgh cudhrnl cudkhrs àr tgh(f, k, l) tgft wh stfrthe wntg.

Ugursefy, Ifcufry ;<, ;265]h Jaao @urtghr Ncta Gudfc Eh`ncntnacs Ugft \hhdFrkntrfry

Iust fs wh àuce aur ucnts a` dhfsurhdhct, wgft tghy hvajvhencta khncm fce gaw wh eh`nche tghd, frh lhcthrhe frauce tghtrnfe a` >/8, 8/<, fce 68, wh dnmgt fso frh aur laddac usfmh a` vfrnfkjhs lacchlthe ta Cfturh fce tgh Xcnvhrsh fs whjj. Ncpursuncm sulg f quhstnac wh jaao ft9

(x, y, z,) fs tghy rhprhshct tgh tgrhh fxns ns rhltfcmujfr

laarencfths. ]h jaao ft (n, i, o) fs fs tghy frh tghrhprhshctftnacs àr tgh ucnt vhltars, fce tghy larrhspacerhsphltnvhjy ta(x, y, z). ]h fjsa jaao ft (c) fs nt a`thc dhfcs ‚cudkhr— fcewh jaao ft (p fce q) fs tghy rfcmh `rad 2 ta 6, nc prakfknjntyprakjhds. ]h dnmgt `nrst jaao ft tghnr kncfry fce ghxfehlndfj



66>

hqunvfjhcts ta mht f stfrt, n` cat tghnr ehlndfj hqunvfjhcts. (n) nsfjsa a`thc ‚ncthmhr— fce (f, k, l) frh tgh lah``nlnhcts a` fquferftnl fce frh tgh larchrs a` f trnfcmjh. ]h dnmgt fee tgft(s) ns jhcmtg, fs nc pgysnls e]4@ es. (f, k, l) gfvh tgh sfdh

once a` larrhspacehclh wntg (x, y, z) fs (n, i, o). Fjj tgrhh shts, tghc, jnch up wntg ach fcatghr fce frh ft tgh kfsns a` dftg fcepgysnls.



6;2

Dacefy, Dfrlg 62, ;265]h Frh Rhrgfps Ehlnencm Fllarencm Ua F Rjfc1

Fcatghr passnknjnty ns tgft tgncms whrh sht up nc tgh khmnccncm sulg tgft gudfcswauje gfvh ta lgaash tghnr ucnts sulg tgft, dflg ach ft raad thdphrfturh (07 @)fce shf jhvhj wauje kh fttfnche ky Dfcuhj's Ncthmrfj f`thr 6.7 onjadhthrs, wgnlg nstgh rftna a` tgh dajfr dfss a` maje ta tgft a` snjvhr, ar tgft tghrh wauje kh 6.7ehmrhhs L phr ehmrhh @, wgnlg fmfnc ns tgh dajfr dfss a` maje ta tgft a` snjvhr, arsulg tgft tghrh whrh >.76 dhthrs phr shlace squfrhe hfrtg mrfvnty khlfush 6.7 nscnch-`n`tgs fce tgft gfs tgh cnch a` cnch-`n`tgs fce tgh ach fce hnmgt a` 6.7. Arsulg tgft tgh ucnt vhltars wauje khladh (n, i, o) sa wghc tgh g nc ghjja wauje khratfthe ky 6, ;, < fs nc lfhsfr's lnpghr `ar tgash ohys ta nt, wh wauje mht tgash

jhtthrs. Nc atghr wares, dfcy a aur ehlnsnacs whrh nchvntfkjh khlfush a` tghncntnfj lacentnacs a` tgh gudfc stary. Ugft ns ta sfy nt ns jnoh FsndavnfcRsylgagnstary.



6;6

Ugh Futgar

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