more than you want to know about standards janifer gatenby, strategic research, oclcpica
TRANSCRIPT
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More than you want to know about standardsJanifer Gatenby, Strategic Research, OCLCPICA
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Agenda
• Changing environment• Types of standards• Standards process• Some recent examples• Role of OCLC in standards
Agenda
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Changing Environment
• Users coming to the library indirectly– Via University portals, e-learning systems– Via web pages, search engines, worldcat.org
• Library not first port of call for information– Google & Yahoo
• Custodial role – Institutional repository• Increasing inter-dependence of
dissimilar systems– Discovery widespread; delivery not so
Changing Environment
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Institution Repository
VirtualLearning
Environment
Authentication
Reading lists
ILMS Portal
?
Contribution
Authors
‚Changing Environment
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Industry Standards as the Base
• http & ldap protocol• URL (http GET)• Web services (http
POST)• XML data format
with customised schemas
• Protocols with their
own TCP/IP port• Stateful protocols
• EDIFACT & BER encoding, ISO 2709
Changing Environment
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Levels of Inter-operability
• Full system inter-operability– Inter-operability of a whole process
• e.g. Self checking loans (NCIP)
– Process can extend over > one session• e.g. ILL ( ISO 10161), acquisitions
(EDIFACT)
– Maintenance of state– Symbiosis
Changing Environment
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Levels of Inter-operability
• Medium level – Z39.50 – session based – multiple
tasks– Maintenance of state– Like systems Bibliographic system
to Bibliographic system– Emergence of multi-protocol portals
Changing Environment
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Levels of Inter-operability
• Partial inter-operability– Single task only rather than session
• One message; one response
– SRW/SRU for enquiry– NCIP or LDAP for authentication
• Referral, linking to another system– openURL
Changing Environment
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Types of standards• Models• Data structures
– Schemas• Data elements• Mandatory / optional, repeatable / not repeatable, data type,
values– Syntaxes
• ISO 2709, XML, ANSI/BER, EDIFACT, Key/Value pairs• Messages
– Data elements– Referenced Schemas– Syntaxes
• Profiles– Agreed subsets = interoperability
Types of Standards
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Models
• Purpose – for database development– For development of other standards
• Examples– CRM (ISO 21127)– FRBR (IFLA)– Data elements (ISO 8459)– Library Registries (ISO 2146)– Open Archives Model
Types of Standards
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Data Structures
• Examples– MARC21, UNIMARC, xxMARC (ISO
2709 or XML)– ONIX (XML)– Dublin Core (XML)– EDIFACT EDItEUR (EDI, XML)
• For exchanging data
Types of Standards
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Messages
• Enquiry– Z39.50 (search,
response, scan, ++)– SRU– OpenSearch
• Circulation– NCIP– SIP2
• Acquisitions– EDItEUR
• Update– Z39.50 UCP– SRU update– OAI PMH
• Delivery request– ISO ILL– OpenURL to resolver– OpenURL Request
Transfer Message
• Authentication– LDAP, Shibboleth
Types of Standards
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Process
• ISO– [WD], CD (3), DIS (5), [FDIS], IS– Voting & observer members– Working group– Maintenance agencies
• Easy & fast way to implement add ons• Register schemas, code lists, etc.
Standards Process
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Incentives?
• Inter-operability– Permits mix and
match
• Easier development– Checklist– Avoids starting from
scratch– Takes risk out of
development
• Means of comparison of systems
• Differentiation reduced
• Opens playing field to competitors
• Interoperability testing
Standards Process
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Standards bodies
International• ISO /IEC • IFLA • W3C• IETF• OASIS
National & Other• NISO• ALA – MARBI• Digital Library
Federation (DLF)• Ad Hoc
Standards Process
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Bringing Standards up to Date
• Don’t throw the baby out with the bath water
• Examples:– SRW / SRU– Update
Some Recent Examples
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– Started in 2001; Version 1.1 November 2003
– Simplified, modernized protocol, grown up Z39.50
• Generic platform
– http://lcweb.loc.gov/z3950/agency/zing/srw/specifications.html
Some Recent Examples
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– Evolution of Z39.50; Inherits best bits– More extensible than Z39.50
• Access points, data schemas, extra data• Extendable operations
– Industry standard platform – HTTP; web services• Easier fit with other developments• Easier to find developers• Less to maintain and optimize• Fewer firewall problems
– Simplicity• People don’t need a diploma to start
– Performance• SRU re-uses data in cache – less load on server
– Cross Domain interoperability• Easier to promote
Some Recent Examples
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Keeps best bits of Z39.50
• Abstract indexes– DC – Bath profile mapped
• Precise searching• Result set concept• Improves Explain – machine configurable
– really• Extensibility
– better: other info at message & record level
Some Recent Examples
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Zed’s best bits continued
• Multi-target searching – One user interface; one search– different platforms (UNIX, NT, IBM etc.)– different database systems (relational, network)– different database models
• Searching based on abstract concepts– “Title”, i.e. not database columns
• Can combine results from diverse dbases– Common record syntax (XML; in Z39.50 is ISO
2709)• Reuse of results• Facilitates follow on delivery – electronic & physical
Some Recent Examples
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Main Differences from Z39.50
• “Stateless” and “connection-less”, with continuity maintained by:– result set (server named)– Authentication token
• Only one database• Only one record syntax & encoding – XML (not
ASN.1)• CQL (CCL inspired) not RPN• Explain – XML document (eye & machine
readable)
Some Recent Examples
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More Differences
• Search & present use same request mechanism
• Services:– Search– Sort (part of search request)– Scan (v. 1.1)– Explain
Some Recent Examples
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When to stay with Zed
• No problems with firewall• System needs zero maintenance /
enhancements / optimization• System needs no new targets or
clients• System needs no external
interoperation with dissimilar systems and portals
Some Recent Examples
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• SRWSRW WEB service– HTTP POST, SOAP wrapper, XML encoding, WSDL– Client / server (machine to machine)– For long query strings, complex queries– For protected servers
• SRUSRU – HTTP GET (URL) with XSLT – thin client – (browser to machine) - Stylesheets– Full function but simple implementation & take up
Simple– URLs for documents, browser bookmarks
• Mozilla: saved URL, multiple search, tab presentations from multiple servers
Some Recent Examples
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Record & work identifiers
SRU Update
NCC
GGCLOG
PUSH
SRU UPDATE
SRU UPDATE M21SRU UPDATE M21
WorldCat
WorldCat Discovery – SRU updateSome Recent Examples
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HoldingsHoldings
ResourceResource
PhysicalLocationPhysicalLocation
HoldingSimple
HoldingSimple
Summary Policy
Summary Policy
Summary History
Summary History
HoldingHolding
InstitutionIdentifier
InstitutionIdentifier
PhysicalLocationPhysicalLocation
Electronic AddressElectronic Address
Physical AddressPhysical Address
ResourceResource HoldingHolding
HoldingStructuredHolding
Structured
Electronic AddressElectronic Address
Summary Policy
Summary Policy
PhysicalLocationPhysicalLocation
either / or
Physical AddressPhysical Address
* Combines stable & dynamic info
* Principally for Queries
* Possible Supplier Component in OpenURL Request Transfer Message
Some Recent Examples
ISO Holdings Schema ISO 20775
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27Some Recent Examples
UnionCatalogue
RDS
RDS
RDS
RDS
RDS
Discovery UniverseDiscovery Universe
Delivery UniverseDelivery Universe
CISTI
Subitonational / regional services
………BLDSC
Doc Del
nucnuc
nuc
WorldCat RS
OPACs
Portals+++
Request Transfer Msg
OpenURL
Union Catalogues
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OpenURLOpenURL
RequesterRequester ReferentReferent ReferrerReferrer Service TypeService Type
IdentifiersIdentifiers
MetadataFormats
MetadataFormats
ISO HoldingsSchema
ISO HoldingsSchema
WantedResourceWanted
Resource
Resource UserMetadata FormatResource User
Metadata FormatResource
Delivery ServiceResource
Delivery ServiceIdentifiersIdentifiersIdentifiersIdentifiers IdentifiersIdentifiers
Request Transfer Community Profile
Some Recent Examples
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Role of OCLC• Leader
– Dublin Core – Stu Weibel– OpenURL maintenance agency– NISO Board – Lorcan Dempsey & Robin Murray– SRU – Ralph LeVan– SRU update - Janifer Gatenby– ISO 8459, Bath Profile, Z39.50– ISO holdings, Request Transfer– NCIP – John Bodfish, Tony O’Brien, Pat Stevens– DLF– + + +
• Test Bed• Promotional role
Role of OCLC
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Thank you.