more flexibility with energy storage€¦ · circular energy ecosystem designatprinting.com....

Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio, Assis. Prof. Department of Mechanical EngineeringAalto University25.2.2019

More Flexibility withEnergy Storage

25.2.2019

Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio

2The World Energy Council Germany:

INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF A POWER-TO-X ROADMAP (2019)https://www.weltenergierat.de/ptxstudie/

Different options for energy storage

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3

Pixabay

Designatprinting.com

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4

Pixabay


Neste.com

Omatha Holdings.com

Clipart LLibrary

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5


Neste.com

Omatha Holdings.com

Clipart LLibrary

www.akkutalo.fi

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6

www.akkutalo.fi

Clipart LLibrary

Omatha Holdings.com

Circular Energy EcosystemDesignatprinting.com

Large-scale fossil free feedstock

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7

Methanol

(CH3OH)

CO2

H2

+

Textiles

Automotive

Leisure

Energy

Olefins

Aromatics

Carbon fiber

ABS plastics

Styrene

Butadiene

AcrylonitrileCalcination

+

Combustion

Basic chemicals Basic polymers Complex plastics ApplicationsFeedstock

Vattenfall Ab

Power to methanolEfficiency

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9

CO2 flue gas

CO2 air

Methanol synthesis

Distillation Methanol

CO2

H2O

Electrolysis

AEC 56

PEMEC 53

SOEC 79

Power to Methanol

Electrolysis efficiency references:Buttler, A. & Spliethoff, H.: Current status of water electrolysis for energy storage, grid balancing and sector coupling via power-to-gas and power-to-liquids: A review , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 82 (2018) 2440-2545.

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CO2 flue gas

CO2 air

Natural gas Pretreatment Steam reforming

Methanol synthesis


CO2

H2O

Electrolysis

AEC 56

PEMEC 53

SOEC 79

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11

CO2 flue gas

CO2 air


Methanol synthesis


CO2

Ƞ = 0.75

H2O

Electrolysis

AEC 56

PEMEC 53

SOEC 79

Process efficiency:

P. Galindo Cifre and O. Badr, Renewable hydrogen utilisation for the production of methanol,

Energy Conversion and Management, 48 (2007) 519-527.

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12

CO2 flue gas

CO2 air


Methanol synthesis


CO2

Ƞ = 0.75

Ƞ = 0.46

H2O

Electrolysis

AEC 56

PEMEC 53

SOEC 79

Process efficiency:



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13

CO2 flue gas

CO2 air


Methanol synthesis


CO2

Ƞ = 0.75

Ƞ = 0.46

Ƞ = 0.38

H2O

Electrolysis

AEC 56

PEMEC 53

SOEC 79

Process efficiency:



OPEX costs for Methanol plant

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14

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

50 kt/a plant

Mill

ion e

uro

/year

OPEX without H2 costs

Fixed Carbon dioxide Cooling water Electricity Catalyst

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

50 kt/a plant

OPEX with H2 costs

Fixed Hydrogen Carbon dioxide

Cooling water Electricity Catalyst

J. Nyari, Master’s thesis: Feasibility study of a methanol plant using

CO2 and H2 for industry decarbonization (2018)

Why have we not done this before?

Thermodynamics – Heating value (HHV)

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16

C

CO

CO2

CH3OH

10

0

33

23

Engineerign toolbox;

For Fuels:https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fuels-higher-calorific-values-d_169.html

For other: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gross-net-heating-values-d_420.html

MJ/kg

Higher heating value (HHV)

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17Engineerign toolbox;

For Fuels:https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fuels-higher-calorific-values-d_169.html

For other: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gross-net-heating-values-d_420.html

C

COCO2

CH4

H2

CH3OH

100

23

142

56

33

MJ/kg

Work against thermodynamics

-When reasonable?

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19

CO2 flue gas

CO2 air


Methanol synthesis


CO2

Ƞ = 0.75

Ƞ = 0.46

Ƞ = 0.38

H2O

Electrolysis

AEC 56

PEMEC 53

SOEC 79

Process efficiency:



Effect of CO2 price

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20

MeOH market

price



999

688

610

1 035

724

645

1 071

760

681

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

10 kt/a plant 50 kt/a plant 250 kt/a plant

Le

ve

lize

d c

ost o

f m

Eth

anO

l€

/to

n

25 €/ton 50 €/ton 75 €/ton

Effect of selling O2 as a by-product

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21

1 035

724

645

879

568

489

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

10 kt/a plant 50 kt/a plant 250 kt/a plant

Le

ve

lize

d c

ost o

f m

eth

ano

l€

/to

n

No selling of O2 Selling of O2

MeOH market

price



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22

CO2 flue gas

CO2 air

Methanol synthesis


CO2

H2O

Electrolysis

AEC 56

PEMEC 53

SOEC 79

Reasonable with synergiesWithin industry:

- Side stream H2

- Steam/heat (to release CO2)

- Very low electricity cost

- Island mode-systems

- The whole value chain

Politically:

- Additional support for CO2 utilization

- High price/no availability for fossil

- Categorization for CO2 based

fuels/products?

Let’s Create Together

Circular Energy Ecosystem

[email protected]

more flexibility with energy storage€¦ · circular energy ecosystem designatprinting.com....

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