AMARSANAA GAN YADAM AMARSANAA GAN YADAM GRADUATE SCHOOL OF COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN SCIENCES GRADUATE SCHOOL OF COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN SCIENCES

TSUKUBA UNIVERSITY TSUKUBA UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 1, 2010SEPTEMBER 1, 2010

Mongolia

o Mongolia in brief Mongolia in brief o Health indicatorsHealth indicatorso Social and health problems Social and health problems o Lifestyle and health behaviors Lifestyle and health behaviors

o Total area: 1 564.9 sq km.Total area: 1 564.9 sq km.o Population density: 1.57 Population density: 1.57

people per km.people per km.o Total population: 2 735.8 Total population: 2 735.8

thousand thousand o Urban population: Urban population:

1 713.3 thousand1 713.3 thousando Ulaanbaatar population: Ulaanbaatar population:

1 112.3 thousand1 112.3 thousando Rural population: 1 022.5 Rural population: 1 022.5

thousandthousand

o 48.9 % of total population is males and 51.1 % is 48.9 % of total population is males and 51.1 % is femalesfemales

o 5.9 percent of total population aged above 60.5.9 percent of total population aged above 60.o Life expectancy of female is 71.79 years and males Life expectancy of female is 71.79 years and males

64.33 years.64.33 years.o Average family size: 3.8 personsAverage family size: 3.8 personso Literacy rate of adults aged 15 and above estimated at Literacy rate of adults aged 15 and above estimated at

97.6 % 97.6 % o Religion: Buddhism 50 %, Atheist 40%, Shamanist Religion: Buddhism 50 %, Atheist 40%, Shamanist

and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%o Continental climate with 4 seasons Continental climate with 4 seasons

o Mongolia's economy is centered on Mongolia's economy is centered on agriculture and mining. agriculture and mining.

o Mongolia has rich mineral resources, and Mongolia has rich mineral resources, and copper, coal, uranium, molybdenum, tin, copper, coal, uranium, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production.of industrial production.

o Livestock: 40.0 million (horse, camel, Livestock: 40.0 million (horse, camel, cattle, sheep and goat)cattle, sheep and goat)

o GDP per capita in 2009 was 3200 USD GDP per capita in 2009 was 3200 USD (2009 est) (2009 est)

o Administration divisions:Administration divisions:Mongolia is divided into 21 Mongolia is divided into 21 aimagsaimags (provinces), which are in (provinces), which are in turn divided into 329 turn divided into 329 sumssums (second level of administrative (second level of administrative subdivision). The capital Ulaanbaatar is administrated subdivision). The capital Ulaanbaatar is administrated separately as a separately as a city city (municipality) with provincial status(municipality) with provincial status

Health care system is characterized by three Health care system is characterized by three levels of care and service : levels of care and service : Primary care and services Primary care and services Secondary care and services Secondary care and services Tertiary care and services Tertiary care and services

By 2008, 15 specialized hospitals, 3 regional By 2008, 15 specialized hospitals, 3 regional diagnostic and treatment centers,18 aimag diagnostic and treatment centers,18 aimag general hospitals, 9 district general hospitals, 6 general hospitals, 9 district general hospitals, 6 rural general hospitals, 35 inter–soum rural general hospitals, 35 inter–soum hospitals, 286 soum hospitals, 228 family group hospitals, 286 soum hospitals, 228 family group practices (FGP) and 1063 private clinics have practices (FGP) and 1063 private clinics have been delivering health care services. been delivering health care services.

As of 2009, Total of 38.7 thousand employees As of 2009, Total of 38.7 thousand employees are engaged in health sector :are engaged in health sector :

7.1 thous were senior physicians7.1 thous were senior physicians 1.1 thous were pharmacists 1.1 thous were pharmacists 15.8 thous were special specialists 15.8 thous were special specialists

of hospitalof hospital 9.0 thous were nurses and 9.0 thous were nurses and 14.7 thous were other employees 14.7 thous were other employees

There are 1.3 nurses and 379 persons per senior There are 1.3 nurses and 379 persons per senior physicians and 300 people per nurse. The number of physicians and 300 people per nurse. The number of hospital bed: 17.7 thousand. Average length of stay hospital bed: 17.7 thousand. Average length of stay in hospital 8.3 days.in hospital 8.3 days.

Leading five cases of death: Leading five cases of death: o Diseases of circulatory system (21.7 in 10 000)Diseases of circulatory system (21.7 in 10 000)o Neoplasms (11.9 in 10 000)Neoplasms (11.9 in 10 000)o Injury, poisoning and certain other Injury, poisoning and certain other

consequences of external causes consequences of external causes

(8.7 in 10 000)(8.7 in 10 000)o Digestive system diseases (4.8 in 10 000)Digestive system diseases (4.8 in 10 000)o Respiratory system diseases (2.8 in 10 000)Respiratory system diseases (2.8 in 10 000)

Deaths per 10 000 population by leading of Deaths per 10 000 population by leading of type malignant neoplasms were lever (5.2%), type malignant neoplasms were lever (5.2%), stomach (1.8 %), lung, oesophagus (1.0%), stomach (1.8 %), lung, oesophagus (1.0%), cervix uteri (0.4)%cervix uteri (0.4)%

Infant mortality rate has reached 19.4 in Infant mortality rate has reached 19.4 in 2008 and 20.0 in 2009. (last 4 years, the 2008 and 20.0 in 2009. (last 4 years, the birth rates have been increasing and the birth rates have been increasing and the crude birth rate per 1000 population crude birth rate per 1000 population reached 25.5 % in 2009)reached 25.5 % in 2009)

Total 66 cases of HIV have been reportedTotal 66 cases of HIV have been reported Incidences of TB (tuberculosis) are on the Incidences of TB (tuberculosis) are on the

rice and most of the new cases are rice and most of the new cases are notified in the capital city of Ulaanbatar, notified in the capital city of Ulaanbatar, also viral hepatitis, STIs, and dysentery also viral hepatitis, STIs, and dysentery are mostly registered by 2009are mostly registered by 2009

Migration stream to Ulaanbaatar city has Migration stream to Ulaanbaatar city has high, the population of Ulaanbaatar is high, the population of Ulaanbaatar is rapidly increasing year by year. This rapidly increasing year by year. This considerable rise in urban population has considerable rise in urban population has put strains on social and health services. put strains on social and health services.

The poverty headcount is 38.7 % and The poverty headcount is 38.7 % and inequality of consumption is still high in inequality of consumption is still high in national level national level

Ger district

The residents in outskirts of Ulaanbaatar city are belongs The residents in outskirts of Ulaanbaatar city are belongs to Ger (national felt dwelling) districts, where people live to Ger (national felt dwelling) districts, where people live in their Ger and small houses, which lack modern in their Ger and small houses, which lack modern infrastructure services , such as piped water, central infrastructure services , such as piped water, central heating sanitation. heating sanitation.

Unplanned growth of Ger district brings many challenges: Unplanned growth of Ger district brings many challenges: unemployment, traffic congestion, air pollution and other unemployment, traffic congestion, air pollution and other environmental and social problemsenvironmental and social problems

Center of the city

Traffic jam in Traffic jam in Ulaanbaatar city Ulaanbaatar city

Outskirts of Outskirts of UlaanbaatarUlaanbaatar

Small country socially, people know each Small country socially, people know each other well and there is strong family and other well and there is strong family and friendly ties exists.friendly ties exists.

However the women are lag behind the However the women are lag behind the terms of participation in economic and terms of participation in economic and political life, and decision making process, political life, and decision making process, they are active in daily life , and more they are active in daily life , and more educated than men. educated than men.

Self medication is high Self medication is high

Life style and culture (nomadic) is Life style and culture (nomadic) is changing. changing.

luck of movement and not many places luck of movement and not many places to spend the free time to spend the free time

Community participation is not active.Community participation is not active.

Big gap between individuals, hospitals and Big gap between individuals, hospitals and government bodies. government bodies.

How to improve health outcomes How to improve health outcomes through self empowerment? through self empowerment?

Thanks a lot for your attention Thanks a lot for your attention