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Mongolia National Waste Management Improvement Strategy and Action Plan

/ 2017-2030 /

Mongolia Project Team: Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET)

Bulgan Tumendemberel (Director General) Jargalsaikhan Lhasuren (Senior Officer) Delgerbayar Badam (Coordinator of Waste Law Working Group) Enkhbayasgalan Nyamjav (National Consultant)

Funding and project supervision: UN Environment International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)

Claudia Giacovelli (Associate Programme Officer) Mushtaq Memon (Programme Officer)

Project Team : AIT RRC.AP

Guilberto Borongan (Programme Specialist and Coordinator) Prakriti Kashyap (Senior Programme Officer) Bayasgalan Sanduijav (Senior Programme Specialist) Amit Jain (Consultant)

Editors:

Perinaz Bhada-Tata Aafrin Kidwai

Cover Illustration, Infographics and Layout:

Lowil Fred Espada

July 2017

Regional Resource Centre for Asia and the Pacific

i

Contents

List of Figures and Tables ii

Abbreviations iii

Foreword iv

Executive Summary v

1 \ Introduction 1

The Need for a National Solid Waste Management Improvement Strategy 2

2 \ Strategy Development Process 9

3 \ National Waste Management Improvement Strategy 12

Target waste streams 15

Target Areas 15

Vision 15

Mission 16

Objectives 16

Waste management implementation timeframe 17

Strategies 20

Roles of Stakeholders 21

Institutional framework for waste management 23

Financing 27

4 \ Mongolia Waste Management Action Plan 28

Objectives of the Waste Management Action Plan 29

Proposed Actions 29

5 \ Monitoring and review of the strategy 51

Implementation of the National waste management improvement strategy 52

Monitoring 53

References 54

Mongolia National Waste Management Improvement Strategy and Action Plan / 2017–2030 /

List of Figures and Tables

Figure 1 Increasing trend of annual waste generation in Mongolia 2

Figure 2 Percentage composition of various waste streams in Mongolia 2

Figure 3 Process flow of approach and methodology 10

Figure 4 Second Workshop on National and City NWMISAP and Pilot Demonstration Project in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia 11

Figure 5 The waste management hierarchy 14

Figure 6 ISWM framework 14

Figure 7 Conceptual Strategic Framework 19

Table 1 Dimensions of ISWM Framework 14

Table 2 Proposed Action Plan for the Implementation of National Waste Management Improvement Strategy in Mongolia 38

iii

Abbreviations

AIT RRC.AP Asian Institute of Technology Regional Resource Centre for Asia and the Pacific

AP Action plan

CBOs Community-based organization

CRH Citizen’s Representative Hural

CTO Chief Technology Officer

EPR Extended producer responsibility

ESTs Environmentally-sound technology

GDT General Department of Taxation

GHG Greenhouse gas

GPAM Government Procurement Agency of Mongolia

IO International organization

IETC International Environmental Technology Centre

INDCs Intended Nationally Determined Contributions

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

MASM Mongolian Agency of Standardization and Methodology

MCUD The Ministry of Construction and Urban Development

MChC Mongol Chamber of Commerce

MD Ministry of Defense

ME Ministry of Environment

MECSS Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sport

MEGDT Ministry of Environment, Green Development & Tourism

MET Ministry of Environment and Tourism

MF Ministry of Finance

MFALI Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry

MH Ministry of Health

MMHI Ministry of Mining and Heavy Industry

MNET Ministry of Nature, Environment & Tourism

MNRA Mongolian National Recycling Association

MoG Government of Mongolia

MRTD Ministry of Road and Transportation Development

MUB Municipality of Ulaanbaatar

NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action

NCCC National Committee of Climate Change

NB National budget

NFP National focal point

NGOs Non-governmental organizations

NWMIS National Waste Management Improvement Strategy

NWMISAP National Waste Management Improvement Strategy and Action Plan

ODA Official Development Assistance

PPP Public-private partnership

PS Public service

RAs Resident associations

R&D Research and development

SGH State Great Hural

SLCPs Short-lived climate pollutants

SWM Solid waste management

SWOT Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization

WIS Waste Information Systems


Foreword

Waste management improvements, waste reduction and the creation of a clean and healthy environment are some of the objectives of Mongolia’s National Development Policy based on the Sustainable Development Goals, Mongolia’s Stance on National Security, Green Development Policy, and the Medium-Term Target Programme of “New Development”. The Law on Waste (2017) was passed and ratified by the parliament on 12 May 2017. The Government of Mongolia’s increasing focus and priority in waste management and environmental protection is greatly visible through its active involvement in reviewing and formulating new and progressive national policies and legal frameworks. Although the existing and planned efforts of the Mongolian government in progressively overcoming challenges in the solid waste sector are commendable, Mongolia’s solid waste management sector has untapped potential for improvement.

With this backdrop and to promote the solid waste management sector in the country, there was a need to develop a solid waste management strategy and action plan at the national level. The objectives of this National Waste Management Strategy and Action Plan are to highlight the necessity of greening the development pathway, ensure sound management of solid wastes, promote conservation and efficient use of resources, strive for environmentally sound technologies and approaches, reduce adverse impacts to the climate by reducing GHG emissions and short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) generated by the waste sector, drive behavioral change of the public towards the adoption of the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) principles, create infrastructure for the collection and disposal of waste, promote and encourage capacity building and raise social responsibility of citizens, business establishments and corporations. This strategy document serves as one of the first official supplementary guidance documents to the newly approved Law on Waste (2017).

The Ministry of Environment and Tourism of Mongolia is indebted to the United Nations Environment Programme through its International Environment Technology Centre (IETC) for its generous financial and technical contribution for the development of the Mongolia National Waste Management Improvement Strategy and Action Plan and to the successful partnership with the Asian Institute of Technology, Regional Resource Centre for Asia and Pacific (AIT RRC.AP).

Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Government of Mongolia

v

Executive Summary

Waste management has become a major issue in Mongolia due to increased population growth, urbanization and industrialization during the last decade. Since 2010, the total amount of waste generation was 840,000 tonnes and has increased almost three-folds to 2,900,000 tonnes1 in 2015 (urban areas 1.2 milion tonnes, rural areas 1.7 million tons). Furthermore, increases in consumption levels and the emergence of different waste streams have contributed to a complex and diverse composition of waste in the country. The majority of the waste disposed included 90.9 per cent of waste from MSW and 9.1 per cent from industrial sources. There are about 415 illegal waste sites spread throughout Mongolia, which are being used for waste disposal. The Government of Mongolia has undertaken a number of initiatives related to waste and the 3Rs at different levels, which have either been implemented or are being implemented in the country. For example, about 104,690 tonnes of waste covering an area of 34,724 ha was removed from illegal disposal areas in 2015. However, some initiatives have not been able to suitably address waste management problems. In addition, no coordinated system exists for the management of wastes in the country. Solid wastes continue to be dumped regardless of location and without any scientific treatment. For example, there is no regular waste collection and disposal schedule, no disposal options except for landfills in Ulaanbaatar and other aimags, and no special facilities for disposal of hazardous waste. These issues lead to negative impacts on both the environment as well as on public health in the country. Furthermore, the lack of consolidated and comprehensive data on waste generation and its management leads to a gap in future planning and implementation of sound waste management strategies.

At the policy level, the Constitution of Mongolia states that all the Mongolian citizens have the right to live in a healthy and safe environment, and to be protected from environmental contamination and loss of ecological balance. Mongolia has policy and regulatory frameworks related to the environment as well as to green development. Mongolia is also a signatory to major multilateral environmental agreements/conventions related to the protection of public health and the environment. These include the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1993); Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (1996); Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1996); Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1996); Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (1999); and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2003). Various provisions of these agreements/conventions are transposed into national policy and regulatory frameworks and provide opportunities to develop policies, programmes, plans and projects related to solid waste management in line with international commitments. Overall evaluation of the solid waste management scenario in Mongolia indicates the government’s increasing priority in solid waste management and environmental protection, which is greatly visible through its active involvement in reviewing and formulating new and progressive national policy and legal frameworks. Although existing and planned efforts of the Mongolian government in progressively overcoming challenges in the solid waste sector are commendable, there still remains significant untapped potential for improvement in this sector. The main challenges are linked to current inefficiencies in regulatory and institutional frameworks, financial constraints, skills gap and technology barriers.

Given this scenario, a need was identified to develop a National Waste Management Improvement Strategy and Action Plan (NWMISAP) to stimulate the solid waste management sector in the country. The objectives of the NWMISAP are to highlight the necessity of greening the development pathway, ensure sound management of solid wastes, promote conservation and efficient use of resources, strive for environmentally-sound technologies and approaches, promote reduction of waste at source, reduce adverse impacts to the climate by reducing GHG emissions and short-lived climate pollutants generated by the waste sector, strengthen the legislative framework through the introduction of contamination/penalty fees, drive behavioral change of the public towards the adoption of the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) principles, create infrastructure for the collection and disposal of waste, promote and encourage

1 Khishgee(2014).MongolianGovernmentOrdinanceNo.298,2014,andMET2016


capacity building and raise the social responsibility of citizens, business establishments and corporations. NWMISAP document will serve as one of the first official supplementary guidance documents to the newly approved Law on Waste (2017).

The NWMISAP has been developed conceptually on the 3R principles of the solid waste management hierarchy in accordance with the UNEP-UNITAR Guidelines for National Waste Management Strategies. The Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) identified a national consultant to draft the strategy and an action plan in close coordination with a number of stakeholders. Furthermore, it was developed through a process of wide consultation with the key stakeholders including two national-level workshops. The feedback received after each consultative exercise has been incorporated in the final version of the document.

The NWMISAP covers municipal solid waste (MSW, from households/gers, commercial and institutional areas], construction and demolition (C&D) waste, healthcare waste, industrial waste, mining waste, tyre waste, e-waste, disaster waste and other non-hazardous wastes. The NWMISAP provides a strategic vision and direction for sustainable waste management from 2017 until 2030.

The vision of the NWMISAP is to develop, implement and maintain an integrated waste management system in the country in order to bring the lowest level of negative impact of waste on the environment, climate and public health, and to meet sustainable development goals. Its mission is to facilitate development and institutionalization of a sound legal framework to be implemented through environmentally sound technologies and methodologies in order to achieve sustainable waste management. In order to implement the strategy and achieve the set objectives, the document lays out the priority short- and long-term actions.

The strategic objectives presented in this document are coherent with the existing national and regional development plans and master plan. In general, the objectives proposed in this document fall under the following categories:

Objective 1: Improve the legal framework for facilitating better enforcement of the law to achieve sustainable waste management;

Objective 2: Reduce final waste disposal by 30 per cent through the use of economic incentives for recycling and recovery of waste;

Objective 3: Establish holistic waste management for hazardous waste;

Objective 4: Reduce waste generation at source by providing public education to ensure habitual waste segregation;

Objective 5: Greenhouse gas reductions by transitioning to environmental-friendly technologies for final waste disposal; and

Objective 6: Establish required organizational structures and financial systems for sustainable waste management to ensure its operational stability.

The NWMISAP is arranged into five chapters. The first chapter provides the background for the need of a waste management strategy, the existing situation of waste management in Mongolia and the current policy and legal framework. Chapter Two describes the strategy development process. Based on this baseline information, a list of strategies to fill the existing gaps and tap the potential opportunities are laid out in the third chapter. Translating these strategic objectives into actions is presented in Chapter Four. The fifth chapter concludes with arrangements for implementation and monitoring of the NWMISAP.

1 \ Introduction 1

1 \ Introduction


Solid waste management has become a major issue in Mongolia. The country has witnessed increases in population growth, urbanization

and industrialization during the last decade. This has resulted in an overall increase in solid waste generation. In 2010, the total amount of waste generation in the country was 840,000 tonnes. By 2015, in just five years, waste generation had increased three-fold to 2,900,000 tonnes,2 which means that the total amount of solid waste generated has increased at the rate of 500,000 tonnes per year. The main reason for the increase in the solid waste generation can be attributed to the rise in as well as changes in consumption patterns. This includes consumption of materials as well as the new products. For instance, as of 2011, the import of chemical substances had risen by 8.9 per cent, office equipment and electronics by 28.9 per cent, car batteries and used bicycles by 28.1 per cent, and used vehicle equipment by 71.8 per cent. Further, different waste streams produced by both industrial and domestic use have contributed to the complex and diverse composition of waste in the country. These wastes include waste from mining activities, waste containing harmful and substandard chemical substances, pesticides, packaging and wrappings, used car oil, car batteries, measurement devices that contain mercury, wastewater and sludge from the water treatment plants and hazardous waste.

Out of the total solid waste disposed in the landfills, MSW covers 51% of the total waste, while C&D and hospital waste accounts for 3% each (see Figure 2).

In order to tackle this issue, the Government of Mongolia has initiated a number of initiatives at different levels, which have either been implemented or are in the process of being implemented in the country. Since 2007, Mongolia’s

2 Khishgee(2014).MongolianGovernmentOrdinanceNo.298,2014,andMET2016

central authority on environmental issues, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, requires local governments of the 21 provinces to introduce and implement landfill technology in stages at their central waste disposal sites, which is still under implementation.3In 329 soums ,4 21 provincial centers and six sites in Ulaanbaatar city, there are a total of 396 central waste disposal sites covering

3 PersonalcommunicationwithMs.ErdenebayasgalanGanjuurjav[Emaildated:29July2016]

4 Soum=equivalenttocounty-politicalandadministrativeunit.WorkshoponNationalandCityWasteManagementStrategy&ActionPlanandPilotDemonstrationProject&CapacityBuildingTrainingSessiononE-wasteManagementinUlaanbaatar,Mongolia,14-16December,2016.

The Need for a National Solid Waste Management Improvement Strategy

Mill

ion

tonn

es

3.5

0.841.20

1.92

2.39 2.40

2.903.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Figure 1 Increasing trend of annual waste generation in Mongolia

51% MSW

31% Others

12% Mining waste

3% C&D

3% HCW

Figure 2 Percentage composition of various waste streams in Mongolia3

1 \ Introduction 3

around 125,000 hectares of land in total. About 2,344,613 tonnes of waste were disposed in these waste disposal areas in 2015.

The composition of solid waste disposed includes 90.9 per cent of waste from domestic source (21 per cent from business entities, 8 per cent from roads, 16 per cent from apartment areas, 47 per cent from ger areas and other wastes 8 per cent) and industrial sources (construction 59 per cent, industry 38 per cent, other 3 per cent). There are about 415 areas being used for illegal waste disposal. About 104,690 tonnes of waste covering an area of 34,724 ha was removed from these disposal areas in 2015. In Ulaanbaatar, about 10,000 tonnes of hazardous waste was generated in 2007. About 369 tonnes, 68,000 litres of chemical waste, 85.5 per cent of which is stored in non-designated areas needs to be disposed. In 2015, about 1,036,295 tonnes of recyclable waste was generated out of which only 0.31 per cent has been recycled. Recycled items consists of paper and paper products, glass and glass products, aluminum, ferrous metal, plastics and others.5 In Ulaanbaatar, from 2006 to 2010, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) under a grant component implemented a project called “Ulaanbaatar’s Waste Management Improvement Project”. Within the project framework, a central waste disposal site equipped with landfill technology was established in Songinokhairkhan district and waste transportation vehicles were replaced.

However, the various initiatives undertaken have not been able to address waste management problems in an integrated and comprehensive manner. For example, districts on the outskirts of the city and rural areas are still dealing with waste and related contamination issues. There is also no consolidated system for the management

5 BulganT.(2016).HeadofGreendevelopmentpolicyandplanningdepartment,MinistryofEnvironmentandTourism.Presentationonrequirementtorenewlegalframeworkandmanagementonwaste,andpolicyonwastemanagement,SecondWorkshoponNationalandCityWasteManagementStrategy&ActionPlanandPilotDemonstrationProject&CapacityBuildingTrainingSessiononE-wasteManagementinUlaanbaatar,Mongolia,14-16December,2016.

of the waste. Solid waste is still dumped regardless of location and without any scientific treatment. There is no regular waste collection and disposal schedule, no disposal options other than landfilling, and no special facility for the disposal of hazardous waste. This leads to negative effects on both the environment as well as on public health. Further, lack of consolidated and comprehensive data on waste generation and its management leads to gaps in planning and implementation of the solid waste management sector. Besides a partially conducted quantitative survey in 2009, there are no consolidated quantitative records on solid waste covering the whole country and, therefore, no comprehensive monitoring system in place.

At the policy level, the Constitution of Mongolia states that all Mongolian citizens have the right to live in a healthy and safe environment, and to be protected from environmental contamination and loss of ecological balance. Policy documents and programmes, such as the Mongolia’s National Development Policy based on the Millennium Development Goals, the Mongolia’s Stance on National Security, the Green Development Policy, and the Medium-Term Target Programme of “New Development”, all include waste management improvements, waste reduction and the creation of a clean and healthy environment as one of their objectives. The updated Waste Law (2012), in Article 6, Clause 6.1.5, states that the government will approve the National Programme on Waste Management Improvement. Therefore, this national waste management improvement strategy and action plan has been prepared in line with the existing policy framework of the country.

The objectives of the NWMISAP are to highlight the necessity of greening the development pathway, ensure sound management of waste, promote the conservation and efficient use of resources, strive for environmentally-sound technologies and approaches, promote the reduction of waste at source, reduce the adverse impacts to the climate by reducing GHG emissions and short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) generated by the waste sector, strengthen the legislative framework


through the introduction of contamination/penalty fees, drive behavioral change of the public towards the adoption of the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) principles, create infrastructure for the collection and disposal of waste, promote and encourage capacity building and raise the social responsibility of citizens, business establishments and corporations. This NWMISAP document will serve as one of the first official supplementary guidance documents to the newly approved Law on Waste of 2017. Further, in order to promote community involvement in waste reduction and for the creation of a clean and healthy environment, it is crucial that the goals and activities of this strategy and action plan are implemented as soon as possible.

National Waste Management Framework and Sustainable Green Development

Mongolia has policy and regulatory frameworks related to solid waste management. The Sanitation and Hygiene Law (1998) in Mongolia aims to ensure the right of an individual to healthy and safe working and living conditions. Articles 5-7 of the Sanitation and Hygiene Law prescribe, respectively, the requirements for the supply of drinking and household water, air quality and soil sanitation.

Until the 2000, solid waste-related activities were regulated by (i) the Law on Import, Ban of Transborder Delivery and Export of Hazardous Waste (2000); (ii) the Law on Domestic and Industrial Wastes (2003); and (iii) the Law on Ban of Some Plastic Bags Consumption (2009). The Law on Household and Industrial Waste, which came into enforcement on 1 July, 2004, and is part of the Waste Law 2003 was the first designated law on solid waste management in Mongolia. This law governed waste collection, transportation, storage, and landfill of the household and industrial waste, reuse of the waste as secondary raw material,

and ensured effective measures to prevent the negative impacts of wastes on public health and the environment. The above-mentioned three laws were integrated in 2012 within the reformed framework of environmental laws leading to the promulgation of the current Waste Law 2012. The current Waste Law emphasizes the introduction of the 3R principles to improve solid waste management and forms the regulatory basis of waste segregation at source.

On 19 May 2016, the Mongolian Parliament has passed the new Waste Law 2016 however, it was not endorsed, which includes MSW, liquid, gaseous and solid hazardous waste excluding radioactive wastes (except radioactive waste), hence, becoming the first law on holistic solid waste management, following the Global Waste Management Outlook. The New Law on Waste (2017) was discussed in the standing committee and ratified by the Parliament on 12 May 2017, Waste Law 2012 will be superseded.

The Law on Waste (2017) states that the Mongolian government shall approve action plans to implement the national programme on waste management and enforce implementation. Similarly, Phase II (2018-2022) has been earmarked for the creation of a clean and healthy environment through the restoration of environmental damage from waste contamination by educating the public about green consumption and developing an awareness of social responsibility and establishing a proper solid waste management system. Implementation of the programme is expected to be the first step towards a proper solid waste management system by operating central waste sites that meet quality requirements, reaching at least 20 per cent reuse or recycling target from the current 4.4 per cent (excluding metal waste) to produce value-added products, establishing source segregation of solid waste and developing and maintaining an electronic information system for the monitoring of waste flows to provide accurate statistical information.

1 \ Introduction 5

Other national-level policies/programmes/plan statements, which provide guidance on solid waste management, include The Sustainable Development Concept of Mongolia 2030. The Sustainable Development Concept of Mongolia 2030,6 approved under the State Great Hural Resolution No. 19 on 5 February 2016, sets a goal for Mongolia to become a leading middle-income country by per capita income, with a stable multi-sector economy and a middle-class by preserving the ecological balance and having a sustainable economy by 2030. It also sets the objectives to become one of the leading 30 countries in terms of green development indicators and maintenance of a stable ecological balance. In order to achieve this, the solid waste recycling target is set to reach 30 per cent as of 2025 and 40 per cent as of 2030 to preserve the ecological balance.

The current government’s Action Plan 2016-2020,7 adopted under the State Great Hural Resolution dated 9 September 2016, specifies “to implement the green development policy directed to maintain the natural pristine nature balance in order to remain and transfer to the next generations, enable the natural resources conservation, prevention from depletion, effective use and natural regeneration, make the natural resources the basis of environmentally friendly economic growth and stable social development, transfer efficient and advanced technologies which are harmless to public health and the environment in order to save and conserve the natural resources, and recycle and reuse wastes, as well as realize effective waste management to reduce the air, water and soil pollution in urban areas”.

Mongolia is also a signatory to the following multilateral environmental agreements and conventions for the protection of the public health and the environment:

6 http://www.legalinfo.mn/law/details/11725.(Accessedon24January,(2016)

7 http://legalinfo.mn/law/details/12120.(Accessedon24January,(2016)

› United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1993);

› The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (1996);

› The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1996);

› The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1996);

› The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (1999);

› The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2003).

Various provisions of these agreements and conventions are transposed into national policy and regulatory framework and provide opportunities to develop policies, programmes, plans and projects related to solid waste management in line with the international commitments.

The regulatory framework and policies/programmes/plan statements and international commitments described above form a basis for developing this NWMISAP.

Current Issues and Challenges on Waste Management in Mongolia

Overall, the Mongolian government’s increasing priority on waste management and environmental protection is greatly visible through its active involvement in reviewing and formulating new and progressive national policy and legal frameworks, as well as through ratification of multilateral environmental agreements. Although, the existing and planned efforts of the Mongolian government


in progressively overcoming challenges in the waste sector are commendable, Mongolia’s waste management sector has untapped potential for improvement. These are mainly linked to the current inefficiencies in the regulatory and institutional frameworks, to financial constraints, skills gaps and technology barriers.

Regulatory Framework - Compliance and Enforcement Challenges

The main challenges with regard to the policy and regulatory framework are:

› Lack of effective enforcement of laws and regulations, weak monitoring and compliance due to technology, capacity, financial and other resource gaps;

› Lack of effective awareness as well as of penalty mechanisms to ensure compliance by stakeholders;

› Lack of continuity, uncertainty and administrative inefficiency due to repeated revision of laws. Changes in legislation must provide a stable legal basis for its enforcement;

› Gaps exist in coordination of environmental legislation in different sectors. These policy inconsistencies point to a need for streamlining environmental policies and legislation. It is also necessary to provide a strong foundation, through new or amended legislation, for mainstreaming the environment in the context of sustainable development. Gaps exist in policies and legislation in assigning institutional ownership and responsibility for further development or enforcement to a specific government department and/or agency, at the central or local level.

Institutional Framework – Inefficiencies and Coordination Gaps

It has been observed that lack of coordinated effort and cooperation are the key gaps in the legal and institutional framework for solid waste management. Such inefficiencies may be due to many factors, such as:

› Ministries and other agencies in Mongolia are established on a very strong sectoral and hierarchical approach with few, if any, mechanisms for coordination and less so for cooperation;

› There is a lack of lateral integration at the strategic and operational levels;

› Change in political power often leads to changes or reforms in institutions that are responsible for the environment, either changing the name (and responsibility/ authorized power) of the institution as well as change in the deployment of human resources that serve the particular institution (at all levels and at each change of government). This lack of continuity, misplacement of capacity and uncertainty causes administrative inefficiency. For instance, the ministry responsible for environmental issues has been renamed thrice between 2008-2016, from MNET to MEGDT to MET.

› Institutional roles and responsibilities at different levels of government are not clearly delineated, thereby leaving a gap in ownership and responsibility. At present, relevant institutions implement solid waste management activities as individual projects rather than as part of a national programme. Most donor-funded programmes are also implemented directly by working at the local government level with no clear (national) institutional framework that leads to proper development of the human resources and the programme sustainability.

1 \ Introduction 7

› Lack of integration and coordination between waste and other relevant sectors lead to missing of opportunities for sharing resources and expertise. The situation gets further complex given overlapping and conflicting legislation and responsibilities. The “silo” functioning of institutions at times causes inconsistencies in the achievement of the broader goals of sustainable and green development.

› Lack of administrative capacity (low technical capacity, facilities and equipment) to implement and monitor solid waste management activities, especially at the local government level. One of the technical capacity gaps shared during the commissioning of the baseline study was the lack of capacity on waste sampling methodology and inventory assessment and monitoring.

› Weak human resource capacity is often reported throughout the Mongolian civil service and positions are often left vacant or filled inappropriately without any regard for their qualifications and expertise.

Financial Constraints

Limited financial resources represent another barrier to the implementation of sound solid waste management at the national level:

› A limited national budget for solid waste management: Transfer of financial resources from the national budget to local levels of government as grants is not a guaranteed nor proportionate number each year, i.e., there is no specific amount of budget allocated for waste management each year. If there is a certainty in the amount of GDP allocation for solid waste management each year, despite the change of the government, local governments can continue solid waste management activities without suffering from budget cuts.

› Lack of diverse and innovative financing measures in waste sector: A shared cost mechanism (government budget, private investments, polluter pays principle and extended producers responsibilities, official development assistance (ODA)) would result in sustainability of solid waste management incentives at the local level and releases financial burden on only one party.

› Revenue sources for waste management (e.g., waste fees, water and wastewater charges, polluter pays taxation) do not cover the full cost of solid waste collection, transportation, treatment and disposal.

› Funding for solid waste, wastewater treatment and air pollution in Mongolia heavily depends on ODA grants and are often project-based. There is little or no contribution by the national government, leading to lack of financial sustainability and inability to continue or scale up of projects by the end of their timeframe.

Technology Barriers

A strong technical and scientific base is a primary requirement for effective solid waste management. Developing countries, however, usually have access to outdated technologies, which add to pollution. For example, poor heating and cooking systems in ger areas result in the emission of SLCPs (including choking smog) and other air pollutants. In addition to this, technologies used for solid waste treatment need to be upgraded using advanced technologies. Mongolia lacks up-to-date data on inventories of various forms and streams of waste generation, collection, treatment, recovery and disposal. Several technological barriers in solid waste, wastewater, and air pollution management include:


› Solid waste collection and transportation with inadequate temporary waste storage facilities (especially in ger areas) and especially sewerage network systems due to dispersed population, climate conditions, etc.

› Waste disposal sites are simply open dumping grounds that release GHGs, SLCPs and leachate thereby polluting the surrounding soil and water ecosystems and adversely affecting public health. Further, industrial wastes are disposed in the same dumpsites meant for municipal solid waste.

› A small fraction of waste is recycled (4.4 per cent),8 and the technology used for recycling is mostly primitive/crude recycling. However, some recycling units (e.g., tyre-to-oil plants have been established by the private sector in Ulaanbaatar).

› Lack of source segregation of waste makes waste sorting difficult at a later stage (due to lack of advanced sorting technology/mechanical conveyor belts with infrared and magnetic separators); hence the chance of losing valuable recyclables into the dumping ground is higher.

8 MongolianGovernmentOrdinance,Refno.298,2014.NationalProgrammeonWasteManagementImprovement.GovernmentofMongolia


2 \ Strategy Development

Process


Review & Assessment of National Policies (Development

/ Sustainable Development / Green Development)

Identification of Common Elements related to Waste

Management

Baseline Study (Gap Analysis & Identification of Issues)

SWOT Analysis

Strategy & Action Plan (WMS)

Review & Assessment of Completed Plans /

Programmes / Projects

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Review & Assessment of Ongoing Plans /


Review & Assessment of Future Plans /


Figure 3 Process flow of approach and methodology

Step3: Review and assessment of completed, ongoing and future plans/programmes /projects. This document serves to combine foregoing, ongoing and planned waste management strategies;

Step 4: Baseline study for gap analysis and identification of issues (AIT RRCAP in partnership with UNEP IETC;

Step 5: Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) in the solid waste management sector in Mongolia; and

Step 6: Preparation of strategy and action plan, which deals with the issues and challenges that are considered to be barriers in the implementation and enforcement of solid waste management in the country.

› Several meetings and stakeholder consultations were convened to review the strategy and action plan including MET, line ministries, representatives from NGOs/recycling associations, the private sector and citizens

The Mongolia Solid Waste Management Strategy and Action Plan has been developed in accordance with the UNEP-UNITAR

Guidelines for National Waste Management Strategies.9 The project team, which worked on the development of this strategy and action plan consisted of a national consultant (recommended by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism- MET), focal point from the MET, UN Environment (UNEP) IETC and AIT RRC.AP. A step-wise approach has been adopted to formulate this strategy and is described in Figure 3.

Step 1: Review and Assessment of national policies (related to development/sustainable development/green development);

Step 2: Identification of common elements related to solid waste management;

9 https://www.unitar.org/launch-unep-unitar-guidelines-national-waste-management-strategies.(Accessedon24January,(2016)


at each step along the way. This included organization of a national workshop for awareness raising and capacity building in coordination and partnership with Ministry of Environment, Green Development and Tourism (MEGDT), UNEP-IETC, AIT RRC.AP and UNIDO held on 4-6 February 2015. The workshop was organized with the aims of:

› Raising awareness of technical officers and other participants on holistic waste management;

› Building capacity to develop a strategy and action plan for Mongolia focusing on data collection and analysis, identification of gaps in legislative framework and implementation, financing mechanisms, technologies and roles of stakeholders;

› Agreeing on the generic outline document of a national waste management strategy and action plan; and

› Discussing the next steps covering the work plan/process of the strategy formulation.

The second national workshop was conducted on 14-16 December 2016. The main objective of the workshop was to present and review the draft national waste management strategy and action plan to a wider range of stakeholders, thereby receiving constructive feedback and suggestions to be incorporated into the final version. The final NWMISAP is a living document and will be updated as deemed as necessary.

Figure 4 Second Workshop on National and City NWMISAP and Pilot Demonstration Project in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia


3 \ National Waste

Management Improvement

Strategy


The SWOT analysis undertaken indicates that Mongolia has a strong but nascent policy and regulatory framework committed to

green and sustainable development. However, the solid waste management sector has inherent weaknesses related to the regulatory framework (e.g., lack of compliance and enforcement), institutional framework (e.g., inefficiencies and lack of coordination), as well as financial- and technology-related barriers as highlighted in section 1.1.2. Mongolia offers enormous opportunities for stakeholders at all levels of solid waste management. However, the country suffers from the threat of missing these opportunities as well as to undertake sustainable and green development if weaknesses and barriers are not overcome.

Therefore, the NWMISAP has been formulated based on the common guiding principles mentioned in Waste Management Framework and Sustainable Green Development (section 1.1.1), waste hierarchy-based 3R principles and the Law on Waste of 2017. These principles are:

› Operate proactively by employing the precautionary principle;

› Sort waste at source and adopt waste reduction practices during production;

› Increase waste recycling and reuse through support of economic incentives;

› Create sustainable development to support zero-waste production;

› Supporting polluter pays principle;

› Remove wastes using means and technologies that cause less harm to the environment;

› Support the participation, rely on and promote partnership between citizens and the private sector; and

› Make information transparent and easily available, and increase public awareness and education.

The waste hierarchy is core to the concept of cradle-to-grave approach (from generation to disposal) and to sustainable development in solid waste management. Conceptually, the 3R-based waste hierarchy shown in Figure 2 is a hierarchical structure, where the highest priority must be given to the prevention/reduction of waste. If the prevention/reduction option is neither practical nor technically or socio-economically feasible, then the other solutions have to be considered, for example, reuse, recycling or recovery of the waste. If recycling is not feasible, then different treatment alternatives must be considered. Through the application of this hierarchical approach and the process of elimination, the best practical environmental and locally feasible solution with the least negative impact on the environment for any particular waste stream is selected. This approach has resulted in the reduction of waste disposed at landfills as well as in the utilisation of primary resources such as wood (e.g., trees). It has also resulted in an increase in the utilisation of waste as a resource, for example MSW used to generate heat and electricity. Companies have also adapted their manufacturing processes and substituted raw materials to prevent hazardous waste generation and, in some cases, to improve the quality of the final product. Though the focus of solid waste management in most developing

Mos

t pr

efer

red Prevention

Reduction

Recycling

Leas

t pr

efer

red

Recovery

Disposal

Figure 5 The waste management hierarchy


Table 1 Dimensions of ISWM Framework

Policy Dimensions/ Framework Components (coverage)

Stakeholders Include individuals or groups that have an interest or roles. All stakeholders should be identified and where practical involved in creating a SWM program (Local/Regulatory Authorities, NGOs/CBOs, Service Users, Informal/Formal Sector, Donor Agencies).

Elements (Process)

Include the technical aspects of solid waste management. All stakeholders impact one or more of the elements. The elements need to be considered simultaneously when creating an SWM program in order to have an efficient and effective system (Generation and Separation, Collection, Transfer, Treatment and Disposal, Recovery and 3Rs).

Aspects (Policies and Impacts)

Encompass the regulatory, environmental and financial realities in which the waste management system operates. Specific aspects can be changeable, e.g. a community increases influence or environmental regulations are tightened. Measures and priorities are created based on these various local, national and global aspects (Environmental, Political/Legal, Institutional, Socio-Cultural, Financial/Economic and Technical and Performance).

Source:AGlobalReviewofSolidWasteManagement;March2012,No.15(BoxNo.4)

The waste management sector also follows a generally accepted waste hierarchy as shown in Figure 2. The hierarchy started as the ‘three Rs’ reduce, reuse, recycle but now a fourth R is frequently added recovery. The hierarchy responds to financial, environmental, social and management considerations as part of “Elements” (process) shown in Figure 3. For Mongolia, there’s no existing ISWM yet in place for aimags/soums to implement.

countries – including Mongolia – is on collection and disposal of solid waste, a phase-wise adoption of this approach could lead to accrual of various benefits. Therefore, the NWMISAP has been planned to be implemented in accordance with the phased approach to overcome weakness and threats identified in the SWOT analysis.

Under the broad framework, one of the common approach used globally is Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Framework (ISWM) applicable in a regional, national and local setting. The three major dimensions of ISWM framework is shown in Figure 6 and summarized in the Table 1.

Stakeholder

Elements Aspects

Local/regulatory authorities

NGPs/CBOsService users

Informal/formal sectorsDonor agencies

Generation & separationCollectionTransfer

Treatment & disposalRecovery

3Rs

EnvironmentalPolitical/legalInstitutional

Socia-culturalFinancial/economic

Technical & performance

Figure 6 ISWM frameworkSource:AGlobalReviewofSolidWasteManagement;

March2012,No.15(BoxNo.4)


Target waste streams

In accordance with current definitions and responsibilities regarding solid waste management in Mongolia, the NWMISAP covers the following waste streams:

› Municipal solid waste (from households/gers, commercial and institutional areas);

› Construction and demolition waste;

› Healthcare waste;

› Industrial waste including mining, tyre, e-waste and other non-hazardous wastes; and

› Disaster waste.

Among these waste streams, the NWMISAP will mainly focus on the municipal solid waste from households, commercial (offices, restaurants, hotels, commercial and service establishments, markets, etc.), institutional, and non-processed industrial sources. The similarity in nature and composition of these wastes and the urgent need of action to control them is considered. For the other waste streams, the NWMISAP provides some recommendations regarding the institutional mechanisms required to control these wastes properly along with the proposed allocation of roles among the relevant government ministries and agencies. Detailed action plans for other waste streams may be developed in future.

Target Areas

The WMS covers the whole country of Mongolia and is applicable to all states/hurals, aimags (provinces),10 cities, soums and districts in Mongolia.

Vision

The vision of the Mongolia NWMISAP is:

“To develop, implement and maintain an integrated solid waste management system in the country in order to bring the lowest level of negative impact of waste on the environment, climate and public health, and to meet sustainable development goals.”

The focus is to move towards green development and a circular economy, to raise management of waste to a new level, to achieve conservation of raw materials, the strive for clean and environmentally-sound technologies through the reduction of waste at the source, to levy waste fees, to change public opinion and habits using the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) principles, to create infrastructure for the collection and disposal of solid waste, to enhance capacity building and raise social responsibility of citizens, business establishments and corporations.

10 Aimagisequivalenttoprovince,apoliticalandadministrativeunitthatislocatedeitherinaperi-urbanorurbanarea).WorkshoponNationalandCityWasteManagementStrategy&ActionPlanandPilotDemonstrationProject&CapacityBuildingTrainingSessiononE-wasteManagementinUlaanbaatar,Mongolia,14-16December,2016.


Mission

The mission of the Mongolia NWMISAP is:

“To facilitate development and institutionalization of a sound legal framework to be implemented through environmentally-sound technologies and methodologies in order to achieve sustainable solid waste management.”

The mission is to save natural resources through economic recycling of waste resources and prevent and reduce negative impacts of waste on public health, environment and climate change.

Objectives

› In order to realize the vision and achieve specific targets, strategies should be established with the following objectives:

Objective 1: Improve the legal framework for facilitating better enforcement of the law to achieve sustainable waste management;

Objective 2: Reduce final waste disposal by 30 per cent through the use of economic incentives for recycling and recovery of waste;

› Objective 3: Establish holistic waste management for hazardous waste;

› Objective 4: Reduce waste generation at source by providing public education to ensure habitual waste segregation;

› Objective 5: Greenhouse gas reduction through transition to environmental-friendly technologies for final waste disposal; and

› Objective 6: Establish the required organizational structure and the financial system for sustainable waste management and ensure its operational stability.


Waste management implementation timeframe

Target Year

The target year of the NWMISAP is 2030. The same target year has been adopted for the Sustainable Development Concept of Mongolia 2030. Phase-wise implementation from 2017 till 2030 is described below.

Phase I: Short term (2017-2020)

The first phase will focus on improving and developing a relevant legal framework for waste reduction, an improved waste management system, capacity development for infrastructure and financing, increased participation of communities and the private sector and the transformation of public habits/behavior related to solid waste management.

The development of an adequate legal framework will provide a strong foundation for the preparation of guidelines, procedures, master planning and institutional mechanisms for implementation. Master planning will lead to formulation of action plans and activities for implementation based on financial mechanisms.

Phase II: Medium term (2017-2025)

The second phase will focus on the preparation and implementation of activities on approval of laws/policy/guidelines, infrastructure and financing following the existing framework on waste management (amended Law on Waste 2017). Identified actions and activities will be implemented to create suitable waste management infrastructure based on the 3Rs.

Phase III: Long term (2017-2030)

› The third phase focuses on the creation of a clean and healthy environment through the restoration of areas damaged by contamination of waste, creation of additional infrastructure and its sustainability through public education on green consumption and awareness of social responsibility, as well as the establishment of a proper waste management system.

› A conceptual framework linking vision, guiding principles, waste hierarchy based on the 3R principles, objectives, strategies, actions/activities, stakeholders, financing and performance measurement is shown in Figure 3 followed by description of objectives and corresponding strategies.


Objective 2: Reduce the final waste disposal by 30% through the usage of economic incentives for recycling and recovery of waste.

Vision

Guiding principles

Objective 1: Improve the legal framework for facilitating better

enforcement of the law to achieve sustainable waste management.

Strategy 1.1] Improve the legal framework to regulate the waste management and institutionalize regulation on economic incentives for waste segregation, recycling and reuse.

Strategy 1.2] Establish the legal framework for the manufacturers and importers, fix responsibility for the waste generated from their products / goods and monitor the waste imports.

Strategy 1.3] Improve legal framework related to the management and coordination of hazardous waste.

Strategy 1.4] Reduce the negative impact of the solid waste on public health and environment through monitoring of emissions from recycling, reuse and disposal related activities.

Strategy 1.5] Develop and implement the waste management master plans for each province, city, soum, and district, and within this framework, estimate expenses, investment requirements and carry out the cost-benefit analysis of the waste reduction and recycling.

Strategy 4.1] Develop and implement a waste education programme.

Strategy 4.2] Intensify training and advocacy targeted for business entities and organizations.

Strategy 4.3] Improve press and media’s role and state their responsibilities relating to public awareness of waste management.

Strategy 4.4] Raise public awareness in terms of domestic waste separation, recycling and proper handling of chemical substances and individual social responsibility.

Strategy 2.1] Establish a collection system for recycling and recovery of solid waste.

Strategy 2.2] Create (encourage) favorable (convenient) condition and support for private entities to invest in waste collection, transportation, recycling, reuse and recoveryactivities.

Strategy 2.3] Engage the private sector through the PPPs – to get involved in solid waste collection, transportation, recycling and disposal.

Strategy 5.1] Reduction in negative impacts of solid waste disposal sites to public health and the environment

Strategy 5.2] Reduction in the amount of waste disposed through support to waste reuse, recycling and recovery activities.

Strategy 5.3] Ensure technical and advisory support to create the necessary national capacity needed to achieve targets set in the INDCs, with a particular focus on reducing GHGs and SLCPs from the waste sector.

Strategy 5.4] Install waste disposal sites that meet health and well-being criteria in all aimags or local communities.

Strategy 3.1] Establish hazardous waste inventory system.

Strategy 3.2] Establish hazardous waste management system for collection, transportation, recycling and disposal.

Strategy 6.1] Establish required structure for developing the sustainable waste management system and ensure its operational stability.

Strategy 6.2] Improve financing mechanisms by recovering expenses required for implementing and operating waste management systems through the transfer of waste service charges and fees based on polluter pays and extended producer responsibility principles.

Objective 3: Establish holistic waste management for the hazardous

waste

Objective 5: Greenhouse gas reductions by transitioning to

environmental-friendly technologies for final waste disposal.

Objective 4: Reduce waste generation at the source by

providing public education to ensure habitual waste segregation

Objective 6: Establish the required organizational structure

and financial systems for the sustainable waste management and

ensure its operational stability.

(Most preferred)

Disposal

Recycling

Recovery

Reduction

Prevention

(Least preferred)

Funds

Actions: 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.4, 1.1.5, 1.1.6. 1.1.7 / 1.2.1, 1.2.2 / 1.3.1, 1.3.2, 1.3.3 / 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.4.3, 1.4.4, 1.4.5 / 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.5.3, 1.5.4, 1.5.5, 1.5.6

Actions: 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.4 / 4.2.1, 4.2.2 / 4.4.1, 4.4.2, 4.4.3, 4.4.4, 4.4.5, 4.4.6, 4.4.7

Actions: 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.1.5 / 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4, 2.2.5, 2.2.6, 2.2.7, 2.2.8 / 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4

Actions: 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.1.5/ 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5 / 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4/ 5.4.1, 5.4.2

Actions: 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3 / 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3

Actions: 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3 / 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.2.3, 6.2.4, 6.2.5, 6.2.6

Stakeholders (responsible agencies)

Performance indicator Performance indicatorPerformance indicator Performance indicatorPerformance indicator Performance indicator

Figure 7 Conceptual Strategic FrameworkSource:JainAmit(2016).


Strategies

Objective 1: Improve the legal framework for facilitating better enforcement of the law to achieve sustainable waste management

Strategy 1.1: Improve the legal framework to regulate solid waste management and institutionalise regulation on economic incentives for waste segregation, recycling, and reuse.

Strategy 1.2: Establish a legal framework for manufacturers and importers. Fix responsibility for waste generated from their products/goods and monitor waste imports.

Strategy 1.3: Improve on the legal framework related to management and coordination of hazardous waste;

Strategy 1.4: Reduce the negative impacts of solid waste on public health and the environment through monitoring of emissions from recycling, reuse and disposal-related activities; and

Strategy 1.5: Develop and implement solid waste management master plans for each province, city, soum, and district, and within this framework, estimate expenses, investment requirements and carry out cost-benefit analyses of waste reduction and recycling.

Objective 2: Reduce final waste disposal by 30 per cent through the use of economic incentives for recycling and recovery of waste

Strategy 2.1: Establish a collection system for recycling and recovery of solid waste;

Strategy 2.2: Create (encourage) favorable (convenient) conditions and support for private entities to invest in waste collection, transportation, reuse, recycling, and recovery activities; and

Strategy 2.3: Engage the private sector – through public-private partnerships (PPP) – to get involved in solid waste collection, transportation, recycling and disposal.

Objective 3: Establish holistic waste management for hazardous waste

Strategy 3.1: Establish a hazardous waste inventory system; and

Strategy 3.2: Establish a hazardous waste management system for collection, transportation, recycling and disposal.

Objective 4: Reduce waste generation at source by providing public education to ensure habitual waste segregation

Strategy 4.1: Develop and implement a waste education programme to be included in school curricula;

Strategy 4.2: Intensify training and advocacy targeted for business entities and organizations;

Strategy 4.3: Improve press and media’s role and state their responsibilities relatingto public awareness of waste management; and

Strategy 4.4: Raise public awareness in terms of domestic waste separation, recycling, proper


handling of chemical substances and individual social responsibility.

Objective 5: Greenhouse gas reductions by transitioning to environmental-friendly technologies for final waste disposal

Strategy 5.1: Reduction in negative impacts of solid waste disposal sites to public health and the environment;

Strategy 5.2: Reduction in the amount of waste disposed through support to waste reuse, recycling and recovery activities;

Strategy 5.3: Ensure technical and advisory support to create necessary national capacity needed to achieve targets set in the INDCs, with a particular focus on reducing GHGs and SLCPs from the waste sector; and

Strategy 5.4: Install waste disposal sites that meet health and well-being criteria in all aimags or local communities.

Objective 6: Establish required organizational structures and financial systems for sustainable waste management to ensure its operational stability

Strategy 6.1: Establish required structures to develop a sustainable waste management system and ensure its operational stability; and

Strategy 6.2: Improve financing mechanisms by recovering expenses required for implementing and operating waste management systems through the transfer of waste service charges, and fees based on polluter pays and extended producer responsibility principles.

Roles of Stakeholders

The NWMISAP needs to be implemented by three key stakeholders, namely the general public, the government and the private sector. The NWMISAP identifies the general roles and responsibilities of each of the stakeholders as described below. Specific roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder are described Chapter 4.

1. General Public

› Reduce waste as a conscious consumer;

› Return to retailers packaging and containers that immediately become solid waste;

› Reduce, reuse and sort waste as a waste generator; and

› Segregate recyclable materials at source in accordance with the recycling mechanism applied in that locality (e.g., reduce organic waste by composting).

2. NGOs, community-based organizations and resident associations

› Bridge the gap between the community and relevant stakeholders;

› Organize resident associations, recyclers, haulers, and end-users of recyclables to support community-based 3Rs activities;

› Lead the role in raising awareness and organizing communities for 3Rs, such as proper source segregation of recyclable materials;

› Raise public awareness on the 3Rs; and

› Organize 3R activities at the community level, including source segregation of recyclables.


3. Government

1. National Government

• Formulate and promulgate basic policy on national waste minimisation through legal and economic instruments;

• Establish an organization to certify eco-friendly products;

• Promote and supervise roles through information/data collection and management; and

• Provide incentives to promote 3R activities by stakeholders.

2. State Government/aimag

• Act as the focal point on solid waste data, i.e. collection, analysis and sharing of data related to SWM and the 3Rs;

• Formulate local action plans on waste minimization;

• Implement policy through local action plans on waste minimization;

• Coordinate among relevant stakeholders to establish and maintain recycling activities in their relevant aimags;

• Create opportunities for exchange of information among aimags; and

• Jointly implement awareness activities between the general public and aimags.

4. Private Sector and Institutions

1. Business Entities

• Reduce the amount of waste generated by adopting cleaner production methods;

• Serve as recycling partners by segregating recyclable materials at sources, in accordance with recycling facilities available in their localities;

• Share information and raising awareness on the 3Rs through networks such as business associations, especially for small and medium enterprises.

2. Manufacturing/Industries and Retailers

• Promote the use of reusable/refillable containers;

• Promote voluntary take-back of packages and containers based on EPR principles;

• Provide product information regarding reuse and recycling to the consumer; and

• Design and manufacture eco-friendly products.

3. Concessionaires

As an organization responsible for solid waste management at the local level, concessionaires shall have the following roles:

• Establish their own recycling systems as major waste management stakeholders; and

• Share information and raise awareness on the 3Rs.


4. Recyclers

Collectors and recyclers of materials play significant roles in maintaining recycling activities in their service areas and localities, including:

• Cooperate with collectors of recyclable materials based on separation at source in aimags/soums; and

• Register as recyclers, if required by legislation.

5. End users of recyclable materials

The loop of recycling is closed when collected recyclable materials are used for manufacturing by end users, thus decreasing the amount of virgin materials required. To cooperate in the implementation of national waste minimisation policies and to promote recycling, the following roles should be undertaken by end users:

• Make efforts to receive and utilise recyclable materials in their manufacturing processes;

• Link and form networks with the recycling community; and

• Provide information to the general public and raise awareness on source segregation and recycling.

Institutional framework for waste management

The administrative powers, roles and responsibilities identified, but not limited to, to regulate solid waste management are provided below and summarised in Table 1.

Mongolian Parliament

› Monitor implementation of laws and regulations; and

› Approve the budget submitted by the government for waste recycling, reuse, regeneration and disposal.

Government

› Approve the National Programme on Improvement of Waste Management;

› Approve regulation on temporary storage, collection, transportation, recycling, disposal, registration and reporting on hazardous waste;

› Approve a list of hazardous waste streams and their classification;

› Approve a list of the hazardous waste prohibited/limited, imported and exported to and from Mongolia;

Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET)

› Enforce the implementation of national policy on waste management;

› Approve an action plan to implement the national programme on solid waste management and enforce its implementation;

› Approve a methodology to establish norms related to MSW waste;


› Develop and approve regulations to establish a national database on solid waste management;

› Give permission to legal entities and organizations for collection, transportation, recycling, disposal, export and import of hazardous waste; and approve the regulations to give permission;

› Approve a coded list of waste generation resource and define their threshold limits;

› Approve form(s) for solid and hazardous waste registration and reporting; and form(s) registering the organizations who generating, transporting, collecting, recycling, recovering and disposing of hazardous or general waste;

› Establish general requirements for operations related to collection, sorting, transportation, recycling, recovery, disposal and landfilling of MSW;

› Approve guidelines on the methodology to establish and operate waste disposal sites;

› Approve regulations on selection criteria to be applied and procedure for issuing permission to legal entities and organizations willing to engage in operations related to disposal facilities and landfills;

› Approve a list of products for importers and manufacturers responsible for generating hazardous waste;

› Approve the structure and charter for the Waste Experts’ Committee; and

› Request approval labelling standards for goods produced from recyclable and recycled resources from the organizations who has special right to approve labeling standard.

Ministry of Construction and Urban Development (MCUD)

› Approve and enforce implementation of regulations on clean-up, collection, sorting, transportation, recycling, recovery, disposing and landfilling of construction waste;

› Establish norms for C&D waste; and

› Provide professional and technical advice and financial assistance for construction waste processing, recycling and landfilling operations.

Ministry of Road and Transportation Development (MRTD)

› Approve and enforce implementation of regulations for clean-up, collection, sorting, transportation, recycling, regeneration, disposing and landfilling of waste from transportation vehicles;

› Monitor operations related to clean-up, collection and transportation of solid waste generated at the following levels:

• International;

• National; and

• Local.

Ministry of Health (MH)

› Provide professional and technical advice and financial assistance for the execution and monitoring of healthcare waste management operations at sectoral organizations;

› Develop, approve and enforce implementation of guidelines on sorting, collection, transportation, recycling, recovery and disposal of hazardous wastes generated by healthcare organizations;


› Approve a methodology for calculating service fees for hazardous wastes generated by healthcare organizations;

› Establish normative amounts for hazardous wastes generated by healthcare organizations; and

› Provide technical and professional advice and financial support for operations related to sorting, collection, transportation, recycling, recovery and disposal of hazardous wastes generated by healthcare organizations.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sport (MECSS)

› Provide professional and technical advice and financial assistance for execution and monitoring of solid waste management operations by sectoral organizations;

› Incorporate content related to education/awareness on solid waste management into curricula at kindergarten, primary, secondary and high school level, vocational/technical and higher educational institutions; and

› Conduct research, develop technical guidelines on utilization of modern technologies in establishing levels of pollution caused by waste, necessary clean up, prevention, processing, recycling, recovery and disposal methods and practices.

Ministry of Defense (MD)

› Approve and enforce implementation of guidelines/instructions on collection, transportation, recycling, recovery and disposal of solid waste, such as firearms, bullets, weapons, explosives and chemicals, generated by subordinate organizations or left at territories used for military purposes; and

› Submit a report on handling of solid waste to the administrative body in charge of environmental matters.

Ministry of Mining and Heavy Industry (MMHI)

› Provide professional and methodological advice for execution and monitoring of waste management during mining and processing;

› Approve and enforce implementation of guidelines/instructions on sorting, collection, transportation, recycling, recovery and disposal of solid waste generated during mining, extraction and processing operations; and

› Submit a report on handling of solid waste generated during mining, extraction and processing operations to the administrative body in charge of environmental matters.

Ministry of Finance (MF)

› Jointly, with the state administrative body in charge of environmental matters, approve a methodology for calculation of solid waste service fees and enforce implementation of service fee collection;

› Jointly, with the state administrative body in charge of environmental matters, approve a methodology for calculation of unit tariffs for costs related to the cleaning, collection, transportation, burial and landfilling of regular solid waste;

› Develop policy incentives to operations related to collection, transportation, recycling, recovery and disposal of solid wastes.


Ministry of Energy and Energy Regulatory Commission

› Provide professional and methodological advice for execution and monitoring of waste generating from energy producing, transmitting and distributing operations;

› Approve tariff and review the calculation of energy fee generated from waste recovery.

Aimag, City Citizens’ Representative Hural

› Monitor the enforcement of the Law on waste management in their constituencies;

› Develop and approve local program for improving waste management and monitor its implementation;

› Develop and approve regulations on cleaning, sorting, collection, transportation, regeneration, burial and disposal of regular waste, and enforce implementation;

› Approve a unit tariff for waste cleaning and landfilling operations on public use areas in accordance with the methodology

Aimag, City Governor

› Organize and ensure the implementation of national policies on waste management in their respective territories;

› Issue a permission for operating a waste disposal site, landfilling and regeneration activities; and develop and approve a procedure to issuing permission

› Ensure the implementation of local program on waste management;

› Submit a report on handling of waste to Ministry of Environment and Tourism.

› Monitor implementation of waste management legislation in respective territories;

› Monitor operations related to temporary storage, collection, transportation storage, recycling and disposal of hazardous waste in respective territories;

› In accordance with the Law on procurement of goods, works and services on state and local budget funds, select a business entity or organization and establish and agreement on conduct of waste recycling, regeneration, landfilling and disposal operations at facilities constructed on funds from national or local budget, or on grant or loan from international organizations;

› Arrange for financing and organize activities related to waste sorting, collection of recyclable resources, reuse, recycling, regeneration of waste to get benefit through economic circulation;

› Organize activities aimed at limiting coverage and reducing negative impact of waste on human health and environment in situations when such an impact or its risk is present;

› Find financing and take measures to gradually decrease number of pit latrines that contribute to soil contamination in respective territories;

› Approve a regulation on operation of public inspectors on waste management and payment of monetary incentives to them;

Soum, District Governor

› Enforce the laws and regulations on waste management in their constituencies;

› In accordance with the Law on procurement of goods, works and services on state and local budget funds, select a business entity or organization and make agreement on provision


of waste cleaning, collection, transportation services;

› Organize cleaning, collection and transportation of waste on and around auto roads of international, national and local level located on respective territories;

› Spend the revenues accumulated from waste service fees for waste collection, transportation and landfilling;

› Organize cleaning of waste from public use areas;

› Organize, support and promote organization of training and public awareness events providing education on waste

› Monitor implementation of waste management legislation, enable operation of public inspectors on waste management;

› Monitor collection of waste service fees from citizens, legal entities and organizations;

› Provide support in increasing revenues from waste service fee collection;

› Provide support to waste related activities of community groups;

› Locate sufficient number of waste bins in areas for public use;

› Define 50 m border zone of public area around business entity and organization who shall clean the waste and snow of it;

› Organize activities aimed at limiting coverage and reducing negative impact of waste on human health and environment in situations when such an impact or its risk is present; and

› Define an amount of incentives for public inspector and get approval on annual budget

Bag, Khoroo

› Enforce the laws and regulations on waste management.

› Involve individuals, legal entities and organizations in the clean-ups of local areas;

› Monitor collection of waste service fees from citizens, legal entities and organizations;

› Provide support in increasing revenues from waste service fee collection;

› Monitor activities related to cleaning, sorting, collection and transportation of waste;

› Organize public awareness on waste management, involve citizens, legal entities and organizations;

› Establish informal community groups to initiate and organize activities aimed at reducing waste and obtaining economic benefit from waste.

Financing

The waste programme will be financed by the following sources:

› State and local budgets;

› Solid waste service fees;

› International organizations, loans and grants by donors; and

› Funds obtained from business establishments and corporations.


4 \ Mongolia Waste

Management Action Plan


This section describes the action plan at the national level, which has been prepared to be in line with strategies formulated under the

National Solid Waste Management Improvement Strategy and Action Plan for Mongolia.

Objectives of the Waste Management Action Plan

The objectives of the action plan are:

› To identify priority actions for each of the strategies listed Section 3

› To identify key stakeholders at national and local levels including aimags and soums, among others, in order to implement recommendations on strategy, actions and activities.

Proposed Actions

Objective 1: Improve the legal framework for facilitating better enforcement of the law to achieve sustainable waste management

Strategy 1.1

Improve the legal framework to regulate solid waste

management and institutionalize regulation on

economic incentives for waste segregation, recycling,

and reuse.

Actions

1.1.1 Conduct needs assessments through reviewing existing policies, legal and regulatory frameworks and carry out gap analyses;

1.1.2 Establish an expert committee on solid waste management which would be responsible for introducing legislation and developing recommendations to improve solid waste management;

1.1.3 Conduct studies on different waste streams, including e-waste, waste tyres, automobile batteries, disaster waste and develop regulations, guidelines and waste management plans for each type of waste;

1.1.4 Establish environmental pollution and quality standards and emissions limit for the following related to each waste stream:

• General waste segregation, collection, transportation, recycling, recovery, and re-use;

• Handling and disposal of C&D, healthcare and organic waste; and

• Occupational health and safety of waste workers.


1.1.5 Establish mechanisms for solid waste data collection, registration, monitoring and reporting;

1.1.6 Establish mechanisms for handling and disposal of various waste streams, and calculate cost for waste collection, treatment and disposal into norms and budgets; and

1.1.7 Further, develop regulations on economic incentives aimed to facilitate solid waste segregation, transportation, recycling, recovery and reuse.

Strategy 1.2

Establish a legal framework for the manufacturers and

importers. Fix responsibility for the waste generated

from their products/goods and monitor waste imports.

Actions

1.2.1 Establish regulations to monitor, restrict or prohibit imports of second-hand goods, e.g., electronics and automobiles; and

1.2.2 Create EPR-based regulations with polluter pay’s principle, where importers and manufacturers are made legally, physically and financially responsible for solid wastes generated from their imported or produced products.

Strategy 1.3

Improve on the legal framework related to

management and coordination of hazardous waste.

Actions

1.3.1 Develop regulations, waste classifications, standards, procedures, and guidelines to implement management of hazardous wastes. This includes:

• Handling and disposal of hazardous wastes: Conduct studies on distinctive features and waste composition of different waste streams and on optimal methods for their final treatment;

• Handling and disposal of emerging waste types such as e-waste, waste tyres, automobiles, car batteries and ash from ger areas; and

• Construction and operation of waste disposal areas (landfills) for general and hazardous wastes.

1.3.2 Carry out institutional assessments, specifying roles and responsibilities; and

1.3.3 Map identified institutional mechanisms under the master plan vis-à-vis existing institutional roles and responsibilities.

Strategy 1.4

Reduce the negative impacts of solid waste on public

health and the environment through monitoring of

emissions from recycling, reuse and disposal-related

activities.

Actions

1.4.1 Define norms/standards for waste generation, composition, collection, transportation and disposal for all waste streams;

1.4.2 Define forms and reports for waste databases and establish information systems according to the waste hierarchy;

1.4.3 Conduct country-wide quantitative surveys of solid wastes in order to generate a consolidated database and registry for waste management;

1.4.4 Improve the content of forms and reports used to generate waste data to create a comprehensive database with more accurate data;

1.4.5 Building capacity of implementing agencies/organizations/specialists working on waste information systems (WIS):

• Define institutional roles and responsibilities related to WIS;


• Organize training for institutions and staff involved in data registration, collection and submission to the MET and to meet their WIS responsibilities;

• Organize institutional arrangements if local capacity is not available to provide the required WIS information;

• Enter all data into an electronic database according to the developed standards, forms and formats;

• Issue reports on an annual and quarterly basis on solid waste management; and

• Use WIS data for local and national waste management planning.

Strategy 1.5

Develop and implement solid waste management

master plans for each province, city, soum, and

district, and within this framework, estimate expenses,

investment requirements and carry out cost-benefit

analyses of waste reduction and recycling.

Actions

1.5.1 Prepare waste management master plans for each aimag/city using strategic management tools including a waste management planning system, waste management information system and registration system for all waste streams;

1.5.2 Conduct studies on distinctive features and waste composition of different waste streams as well as on optimal methods for final treatment and disposal as part of the master planning process;

1.5.3 Prepare cost estimates and conduct cost benefit analyses for waste reduction and recycling for all types of waste;

1.5.4 Determine institutional arrangements and responsibilities for national solid waste management planning; and

1.5.5 Develop guidelines to implement identified institutional mechanisms.

Objective 2: Reduce final waste disposal by 30 per cent through the use of economic incentives for recycling and recovery of waste.

Strategy 2.1

Establish a collection system for recycling and recovery

of solid waste.

Actions

2.1.1 Introduce buy-back or take-back mechanisms so that consumers can return products to manufacturers/producers and introduce financial mechanisms for customers purchasing new products based on EPR;

2.1.2 Establish systems for the collection and transportation of the waste;

2.1.3 Establish linkages between collection and transportation systems to recycling facilities;

2.1.4 Link target-based collection with financial mechanisms to facilitate recycling; and

2.1.5 Advertise, promote and distribute information on recyclable waste collection centers, locations and purchase rates of recyclable materials.

Strategy 2.2

Create (encourage) favorable (convenient) condition

and support for private entities to invest in waste

collection, transportation, recycling, reuse and

recovery activities.

Actions

2.2.1 Assessment of existing financing mechanisms, incentive systems and economic instruments for solid waste management in Mongolia;

2.2.2 Identification of practical examples, cases, success stories and articles from international experience to develop and introduce financing mechanisms and incentive systems in the solid waste management sector;


2.2.3 Give tax rebates and discounts to investors and entities who recycle and recover waste;

2.2.4 Establish regulations to encourage green procurement, import equipment, material, spare parts for recycling, recovery, disposal, landfilling, and 3R-related activities through favorable taxation, economic policies and incentive systems;

2.2.5 Encourage higher resource use efficiency by promoting activities to introduce advanced and high-end technologies that have low or no waste discharges in the production process. Also promote production using recyclable materials to reduce resource use;

2.2.6 Reduce or exempt custom duties for advanced technologies and equipment which have high efficiency of natural resource use, reduce pollution and waste generation;

2.2.7 Promote sales and purchases of recycled goods and encourage bidders who offer recycled, recovered raw materials and products by giving preference/priority in procurement of goods, works, and services with state and local budget funds; and

2.2.8 Organize training and advocacy to create a citizen’s initiative for sorting, recycling and reusing practices.

Strategy 2.3

Engage the private sector – through public-private

partnerships (PPP) – to get involved in solid waste

collection, transportation, recycling and disposal.

Actions

2.3.1 Create a system such that the organization or individual introducing new technology or manufacturer implementing 3Rs is able to apply for a soft loan from commercial banks and other financial institutions;

2.3.2 Encourage private sector participation through PPP for solid waste management by enabling incentives highlighted in Strategy 2.2 in order to reduce capital cost;

2.3.3 Establish a revenue-based business model with a reasonable return on investment that is acceptable to the private sector; and

2.3.4 Encourage the establishment of ecoparks through PPP for recycling, recovery and treatment of waste.

Objective 3: Establish holistic waste management for hazardous waste

Strategy 3.1

Establish a hazardous waste inventory system.

Actions

3.1.1 Conduct a hazardous waste inventory every five years to determine the level of hazardous waste generation and composition from various sources:

• Define and classify hazardous wastes and conduct baseline studies to determine the existing scenario;

• Establish a hazardous waste registration and reporting system for hazardous waste management; and

• Develop standards to determine hazardous waste components and composition.

3.1.2 Enhance capacity and capability of existing laboratories that can determine components and composition of hazardous waste:

• Identify laboratories that can undertake hazardous waste testing and analysis;

• Carry out assessments of the laboratories’ capacities and capabilities;


• Develop standards for the establishment and operation of testing laboratories;

• Enhance their capacities and capabilities as per required standards.

3.1.3 Establish and maintain a system for registration, awarding permits and reporting on hazardous waste generators/generation, collectors/collection, transporters/transportation, recyclers/recycling and disposers/disposal operations.

Strategy 3.2

Establish a hazardous waste management system for

collection, transportation, recycling and disposal.

Actions

3.2.1 Introduce EPR system to take-back hazardous materials and wastes generated from produced goods;

3.2.2 Establish ecoparks consisting of recycling and treatment facilities for hazardous wastes and other processing activities/facilities:

• Conduct a study on hazardous waste generation and its geographical distribution;

• Develop a feasibility study on the establishment of temporary storage, disposal, treatment and recycling facilities based on geographical location of these facilities;

• Conduct environmental impact assessments prior to the establishment of hazardous waste facilities;

• Develop a policy to build an ecopark in close proximity to the landfill in order to facilitate reuse, recovery, recycling with reduced load on disposal;

• Establish household hazardous waste drop-off centers in urban areas such as soums and duuregs;

• Supply healthcare waste disinfection equipment to hospitals in soums;

• Construct healthcare waste incineration facilities in larger urban areas/cities.

3.2.3 Create a hazardous waste monitoring system for sorting waste at source, safe storage and transfer to an authorized organization/operator for recycling, recovery activities:

• Conduct a review and gap analysis of the existing hazardous waste monitoring system; and

• Establish a monitoring system for hazardous waste management.

Objective 4: Reduce waste generation at source by providing public education to ensure habitual waste segregation

Strategy 4.1

Develop and implement a waste education

programme.

Actions

4.1.1 Develop an education programme on waste management at all levels of formal education from kindergarten to university;

4.1.2 Update books and education materials at all levels of education to include content about integrated solid waste management;

4.1.3 Prepare trainers/teachers and training material for educating the public/students on integrated solid waste management; and

4.1.4 Support and encourage schools to have an eco-club and conduct activities such as campaigns to disseminate information and raise awareness.


Strategy 4.2

Intensify training and advocacy targeted for business

entities and organizations.

Actions

4.2.1 Raise awareness of business entities on integrated solid waste management, such as by introducing waste reduction or prevention options, using modern technology and equipment and maximizing the use of recyclables; and

4.2.2 Reduced use of packaging and container materials in the transport and distribution of products, voluntary collection of used or consumed products through cooperation among manufacturers, distributors, and retailers.

Strategy 4.3

Improve press and media’s role and state their

responsibilities relating to public awareness of waste

management.

Strategy 4.4

Raise public awareness in terms of domestic waste

separation, recycling and proper handling of chemical

substances and individual social responsibility.

Actions

4.4.1 Build capacity at the community level through trainings and events in order to promote the formation of healthy habits such as sorting and segregation of waste, utilizing appropriate bags or bins and disposal areas and encouraging communities to voice their opinions and ideas;

4.4.2 Organize all-inclusive waste reduction campaigns through local governments. Aimags/cities play important roles in informing and educating the public to raise the awareness and, consequently, motivate them to practice the 3Rs, which are key to achieving the goals of sustainable waste management;

4.4.3 Raise awareness of 3Rs on youth through education in schools and promoting participation in community-based 3R activities such as waste separation drives in aimags/soums;

4.4.4 Promote public campaigns and participation of youth in the 3Rs activities. These activities may include source separation of recyclable materials led by soums associations, communities and NGOs [MNRA];

4.4.5 Promote 3Rs through focused training and events;

4.4.6 Enhance the capacity of aimags/cities/soums in terms of replicating or customizing their own policies/local regulations through:

• Setting up local SWM boards with focal points in charge of developing and recommending waste fees and tariffs including fines and penalties; and

• Develop cost accounting of SWM services.

4.4.7 Create feedback mechanism and grievance redressal systems to continually improve the solid waste management system.

Objective 5: Greenhouse gas reductions by transitioning to environmental-friendly technologies for final waste disposal.

Strategy 5.1

Reduction in negative impacts of solid waste disposal

sites to public health and the environment

Actions

5.1.1 Create primary waste collection and treatment centres in soums and urban areas;

5.1.2 Create C&D waste and e-waste collection centers in each soum and disctrict;


5.1.3 Encourage and promote the private sector to build waste-to-energy plants in Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan and Erdenet cities;

5.1.4 Introduce modern technologies and build organic waste-to-gas fuel plants;

5.1.5 Establish a system to register/give permits and monitor organizations involved in collection, transportation, recycling, recovery and disposal of waste;

1. Upgrade waste disposal sites of aimag centers and city to first and second category with following stages:

• 2020 -20 % (5); • 2025 -40% (10); • 2030 -100% (11); and

2. Upgrade waste disposal site of soum’s center to transfer to second and third class category with following stages:

• 2020 -20% (66); • 2025 -40% (132); • 2030 -100% (132).

Strategy 5.2

Reduction in the amount of waste disposed through

support to waste reuse, recycling and recovery

activities.

Actions

5.2.1 Identify policy gaps and prioritize supplemental policies to be developed on the reduction and conservation of resources and raw materials, in consultation with key stakeholders in the manufacturing sector:

• Carry out waste assessments including quantity and composition by each line ministry for sectors including agriculture, mining and industry; and

• Carry out gap analyses with respect to the policy framework for each type of waste.

5.2.2 Develop policies on solid waste management, e.g., waste segregation, segregated waste collection, anti-littering and other prohibited practices:

• Develop policy framework and guidelines in line with national policy and create guidelines for each type of waste;

• Develop standards for establishing recycling/recovery facilities and temporary storage facilities; and

• Develop guidelines for delegating SWM officers, certification of trainers and professionals.

5.2.3 Develop and implement a management plan by the relevant ministries for the proper treatment, recovery and disposal of waste generated in manufacturing processes;

5.2.4 Develop a waste management plan to control waste streams from industries and manufacturing processes by the relevant ministries; and

5.2.5 Develop guidelines to mainstream and establish methane avoidance, reduction and capture approaches as part of the sectoral contribution of solid waste management in Mongolia’s Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) under the UNFCCC:

• Expand a monitoring network for environmental contamination caused by wastes and toxic substances. Engage in capacity building of environmental laboratories so that correct and factual information on the nature and extent of environmental pollution can be determined and monitored.


Strategy 5.3

Ensure technical and advisory support to create the

necessary national capacity needed to achieve targets

set in the INDCs, with a particular focus on reducing

GHGs and SLCPs from the waste sector.

Actions

5.3.1 Undertake technical and institutional capacity building activities to increase the ability of stakeholders to meet the international GHG mitigation commitments (INDCs) through specific policy interventions, as well as the identification of suitable environmentally sound technologies to mitigate GHGs and SLCPs emissions from the waste sector:

• Identify different stakeholders at national, city and local levels responsible for meeting the targets provided in INDCs from the solid waste sector;

5.3.2 Strengthen the capacity of policy makers and practitioners in Mongolia to reduce GHGs and SLCPs from the solid waste sector, based on the concept of circular economy:

• Undertake capacity building needs assessments of identified stakeholders including policy makers and industry;

5.3.3 Support national and local governments to create an enabling legislative, financial and technological environment for the introduction and uptake of suitable environmentally-sound technologies (ESTs) in the waste sector:

• Undertake technology needs assessments of the solid waste management sector, especially in relation to waste-to-energy to reduce GHGs and SLCPs based on the concept of 3Rs and circular economy;

5.3.4 Undertake mitigation measures to reduce GHG emissions from the solid waste

sector through implementation of the 3Rs, introduction of environmentally sound technology and by increasing effectiveness and efficiency of the manufacturing sector:

• Design and undertake capacity building programmes for stakeholders to improve human resource capacity, expanding research and development and carrying out technology assessments on the solid waste management sector; and

5.3.5 Identify and design technologies for solid waste management including waste-to-energy based on best practices, successful case studies and their suitability.

Strategy 5.4

Install waste disposal sites that meet health and well-

being in all aimags or local communities.

Actions

5.4.1 Adopt a step-by-step approach to change disposal sites in cities and aimags to first and second category waste disposal systems; and

5.4.2 Adopt a step-by-step approach to change disposal sites in soums to second and third category waste disposal systems.

5.4.3 Objective 6: Establish required organizational structures and financial systems for sustainable waste management to ensure its operational stability.

Strategy 6.1

Establish required structure to develop a sustainable

waste management system and ensure its operational

stability.

Actions

6.1.1 Update the relevant legal documents to include provisions for employment of in-charge of waste management in all the state organizations;


6.1.2 Update the organization structure of the department or state organization including specialist responsible for the waste management; and

6.1.3 Ensure stable employment condition for specialist in charge for the waste management at all the levels of state organization.

Strategy 6.2

Improve financing mechanisms by recovering expenses

required for implementing and operating waste

management systems through the transfer of waste

service charges and fees based on polluter pays and

extended producer responsibility principles.

Actions

6.2.1 Establish a waste management fund that includes fines and penalties imposed, donations, endowments, grants and contributions from domestic and foreign sources:

• Improve collection of waste service fees as well as augment income from levies on polluter pays principle/EPR;

• Identify potential sources of funds for solid waste management infrastructure development, capacity building, skills development, communication and information dissemination; and

• Create a fund with seed money from the government, which will serve as a repository of tax, fines, penalties, donations, endowment, grants and contributions from domestic and foreign sources;

6.2.2 Establish a regulation to allocate some amount of royalty to the local waste management fund;

6.2.3 Establish a mechanism for converting waste to value-added products and diverting waste from disposal as in a circular economy;

6.2.4 Develop streamlined systems to guide aimags/cities/soums in understanding how to access financial resources to fund solid waste management services and pay for related infrastructure;

› Provide information on resources requirement and sources of funding annually; and

Recommend measures to generate resources, funding and implementation of projects and activities as specified in approved action plans/master plans.


Tabl

e 2

Prop

osed

Act

ion P

lan

for t

he Im

plem

enta

tion

of N

ation

al W

aste

Man

agem

ent I

mpr

ovem

ent S

trate

gy in

Mon

golia

Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Objec

tive 1

: Impro

ve th

e leg

al fra

mewo

rk for

facil

itatin

g bett

er en

force

ment

of the

law

to ac

hieve

susta

inable

was

te ma

nage

ment

Stra

tegy

1.1

Impr

ove

the

lega

l fr

amew

ork

to

regu

late

the

was

te

man

agem

ent a

nd

inst

itutio

naliz

e re

gula

tion

on e

cono

mic

in

cent

ives

for

was

te s

egre

gatio

n,

recy

clin

g, a

nd r

euse

.

1.1.

1 C

ondu

ct n

eeds

ass

essm

ents

thro

ugh

revi

ewin

g ex

istin

g po

licie

s, le

gal a

nd r

egul

ator

y fr

amew

orks

and

car

ry o

ut g

ap

anal

yses

.

2018

-202

0Th

e M

inis

try

of

Envi

ronm

ent &

To

uris

m (M

ET)

Stat

e bu

dget

, te

chni

cal

and

finan

cial

as

sist

ance

from

in

tern

atio

nal

orga

niza

tion

Impr

oved

lega

l env

iron

men

t on

was

tes,

and

ref

orm

ed o

r de

velo

ped

norm

s, n

orm

ativ

e an

d pr

oced

ures

mee

ting

natio

nal a

nd in

tern

atio

nal

stan

dard

s

1.1.

2 Es

tabl

ish

an e

xper

t com

mitt

ee o

n so

lid w

aste

m

anag

emen

t whi

ch w

ould

be

resp

onsi

ble

for

intr

oduc

ing

legi

slat

ion

and

deve

lopi

ng r

ecom

men

datio

ns to

impr

ove

solid

w

aste

man

agem

ent.

2018

-202

0M

JIA

AU

CG

O

1.1.

3 C

ondu

ct s

tudi

es o

n di

ffer

ent w

aste

str

eam

s, in

clud

ing

e-w

aste

, was

te ty

res,

aut

omob

ile b

atte

ries

, dis

aste

r w

aste

and

de

velo

p re

gula

tions

, gui

delin

es a

nd w

aste

man

agem

ent p

lans

fo

r ea

ch ty

pe o

f was

te.

2018

-202

0M

F, M

ET, M

JIA

1.1.

4 Es

tabl

ish

envi

ronm

enta

l pol

lutio

n an

d qu

ality

sta

ndar

ds

and

emis

sion

s lim

it fo

r th

e fo

llow

ing

rela

ted

to e

ach

was

te

stre

amG

ener

al w

aste

seg

rega

tion,

col

lect

ion,

tran

spor

tatio

n,

recy

clin

g, r

ecov

ery,

and

re-

use;

H

andl

ing

and

disp

osal

of C

&D

, hea

lthc

are

and

orga

nic

was

te;

and

Occ

upat

iona

l hea

lth

and

safe

ty o

f was

te w

orke

rs.

2018

-202

0

1.1.

5 Es

tabl

ish

mec

hani

sms

for

solid

was

te d

ata

colle

ctio

n,

regi

stra

tion,

mon

itori

ng a

nd r

epor

ting.

2018

-202

0

1.1.

6 Es

tabl

ish

mec

hani

sms

for

hand

ling

and

disp

osal

of

vari

ous

was

te s

trea

ms,

and

cal

cula

te c

ost f

or w

aste

col

lect

ion,

tr

eatm

ent a

nd d

ispo

sal i

nto

norm

s an

d bu

dget

s; a

ndFu

rthe

r, d

evel

op r

egul

atio

ns o

n ec

onom

ic in

cent

ives

aim

ed to

fa

cilit

ate

solid

was

te s

egre

gatio

n, tr

ansp

orta

tion,

rec

yclin

g,

reco

very

and

reu

se.

2018

-202

0M

CU

D, M

F, M

ET

Stra

tegy

1.2

Es

tabl

ish

a le

gal

fram

ewor

k fo

r th

e m

anuf

actu

rers

an

d im

port

ers.

Fix

re

spon

sibi

lity

for

the

was

te g

ener

ated

fr

om th

eir

prod

ucts

/go

ods

and

mon

itor

was

te im

port

s.

1.2.

1 Es

tabl

ish

regu

latio

ns to

mon

itor,

res

tric

t or

proh

ibit

impo

rts

of s

econ

d-ha

nd g

oods

, i.e

., el

ectr

onic

s an

d au

tom

obile

s; a

nd

2018

-202

0St

ate

budg

et,

tech

nica

l an

d fin

anci

al

assi

stan

ce fr

om

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

n

Impr

oved

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l env

iron

men

t on

was

tes,

and

ref

orm

ed o

r de

velo

ped

norm

s, n

orm

ativ

e an

d pr

oced

ures

mee

ting

natio

nal a

nd in

tern

atio

nal

stan

dard

s

1.2.

2 C

reat

e EP

R-b

ased

reg

ulat

ions

with

pol

lute

r pa

y’s

prin

cipl

e, w

here

impo

rter

s an

d m

anuf

actu

rers

are

mad

e le

gally

, phy

sica

lly a

nd fi

nanc

ially

res

pons

ible

for

solid

was

tes

gene

rate

d fr

om th

eir

impo

rted

or

prod

uced

pro

duct

s.

2018

-202

0M

ET, M

JIA

, M

ASM

, MF,

CG

A


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Stra

tegy

1.3

Impr

ove

lega

l fr

amew

ork

rela

ted

to th

e m

anag

emen

t an

d co

ordi

natio

n of

ha

zard

ous

was

te.

1.3.

1 D

evel

op r

egul

atio

ns, w

aste

cla

ssifi

catio

ns, s

tand

ards

, pr

oced

ures

, and

gui

delin

es to

impl

emen

t man

agem

ent o

f ha

zard

ous

was

tes.

Thi

s in

clud

es:

Han

dlin

g an

d di

spos

al o

f haz

ardo

us w

aste

s: C

ondu

ct s

tudi

es

on d

istin

ctiv

e fe

atur

es a

nd w

aste

com

posi

tion

of d

iffer

ent

was

te s

trea

ms

and

on o

ptim

al m

etho

ds fo

r th

eir

final

tr

eatm

ent;

Han

dlin

g an

d di

spos

al o

f em

ergi

ng w

aste

type

s su

ch a

s e-

was

te, w

aste

tyre

s, a

utom

obile

s, c

ar b

atte

ries

and

as

h fr

om g

er a

reas

; and

Con

stru

ctio

n an

d op

erat

ion

of w

aste

dis

posa

l are

as (l

andfi

lls)

for

gene

ral a

nd h

azar

dous

was

tes.

2018

-202

0

2018

-202

0

MET

, MA

SMSt

ate

budg

et,

tech

nica

l an

d fin

anci

al

assi

stan

ce fr

om

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

n

Impr

oved

lega

l env

iron

men

t on

was

tes,

and

ref

orm

ed o

r de

velo

ped

norm

s, n

orm

ativ

e an

d pr

oced

ures

mee

ting

natio

nal a

nd in

tern

atio

nal

stan

dard

s

1.3.

2 C

arry

out

inst

itutio

nal a

sses

smen

ts, s

peci

fyin

g ro

les

and

resp

onsi

bilit

ies;

and

2018

-202

0

1.3.

3 M

ap id

entifi

ed in

stitu

tiona

l mec

hani

sms

unde

r th

e m

aste

r pl

an v

is-à

-vis

exi

stin

g in

stitu

tiona

l rol

es a

nd

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

2018

-202

0M

ET, M

ASM

Stra

tegy

1.4

Red

uce

the

nega

tive

impa

cts

of s

olid

was

te o

n pu

blic

hea

lth

and

the

envi

ronm

ent

thro

ugh

mon

itori

ng

of e

mis

sion

s fr

om

recy

clin

g, r

euse

and

di

spos

al-r

elat

ed

activ

ities

.

1.4.

1 D

efine

the

norm

s/st

anda

rds

for

was

te g

ener

atio

n,

com

posi

tion,

col

lect

ion,

tran

spor

tatio

n an

d di

spos

al fo

r al

l w

aste

str

eam

s.

2018

-202

0M

ETSt

ate

and

loca

l bu

dget

, tec

hnic

al

and

finan

cial

as

sist

ance

from

in

tern

atio

nal

orga

niza

tion

Effe

ctiv

e an

d ef

ficie

nt W

ISSh

ort t

erm

– 4

0%M

ediu

m te

rm –

60%

Long

term

– 1

00%

1.4.

2 D

efine

form

s an

d re

port

s fo

r th

e w

aste

dat

abas

es

and

esta

blis

h in

form

atio

n sy

stem

s ac

cord

ing

to th

e w

aste

hi

erar

chy;

2018

-202

0M

ET

1.4.

3 C

ondu

ct c

ount

ry-w

ide

quan

titat

ive

surv

eys

of s

olid

w

aste

s in

ord

er to

gen

erat

e a

cons

olid

ated

dat

abas

e an

d re

gist

ry fo

r w

aste

man

agem

ent:

2018

-202

0M

ET, a

ssoc

iate

m

inis

trie

s,

all l

evel

of

gove

rnm

ent

1.4.

4 Im

prov

e th

e co

nten

t of f

orm

s an

d re

port

s us

ed to

ge

nera

te w

aste

dat

a to

cre

ate

a co

mpr

ehen

sive

dat

abas

e w

ith

mor

e ac

cura

te d

ata;

2018

-202

0M

ET, a

ssoc

iate

m

inis

trie

s,

all l

evel

of

gove

rnm

ent

MET

1.4.

5 B

uild

ing

capa

city

of i

mpl

emen

ting

agen

cies

/or

gani

zatio

ns/s

peci

alis

ts w

orki

ng o

n w

aste

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

(WIS

):D

efine

inst

itutio

nal r

oles

and

res

pons

ibili

ties

rela

ted

to W

IS;

Org

aniz

e tr

aini

ng fo

r in

stitu

tions

and

sta

ff in

volv

ed in

dat

a re

gist

ratio

n, c

olle

ctio

n an

d su

bmis

sion

to th

e M

ET a

nd to

mee

t th

eir

WIS

res

pons

ibili

ties;

Org

aniz

e in

stitu

tiona

l arr

ange

men

ts if

loca

l cap

acity

is n

ot

avai

labl

e to

pro

vide

the

requ

ired

WIS

info

rmat

ion;

Ente

r al

l dat

a in

to a

n el

ectr

onic

dat

abas

e ac

cord

ing

to th

e de

velo

ped

stan

dard

s, fo

rms

and

form

ats;

Issu

e re

port

s on

an

annu

al a

nd q

uart

erly

bas

is o

n so

lid w

aste

m

anag

emen

t; a

ndU

se W

IS d

ata

for

loca

l and

nat

iona

l was

te m

anag

emen

t pl

anni

ng.

2018

-202

0


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Stra

tegy

1.5

Dev

elop

and

im

plem

ent s

olid

w

aste

man

agem

ent

mas

ter

plan

s fo

r ea

ch p

rovi

nce,

ci

ty, s

oum

, and

di

stri

ct, a

nd w

ithin

th

is fr

amew

ork,

es

timat

e ex

pens

es,

inve

stm

ent

requ

irem

ents

and

ca

rry

out c

ost-

bene

fit a

naly

ses

of

was

te r

educ

tion

and

recy

clin

g.

1.5.

1 P

repa

re w

aste

man

agem

ent m

aste

r pl

ans

for

each

ai

mag

/city

usi

ng s

trat

egic

man

agem

ent t

ools

incl

udin

g a

was

te m

anag

emen

t pla

nnin

g sy

stem

, was

te m

anag

emen

t in

form

atio

n sy

stem

and

reg

istr

atio

n sy

stem

for

all w

aste

st

ream

s;

2018

-202

0M

ET, a

ssoc

iate

m

inis

trie

s,

all l

evel

of

gove

rnm

ent

Stat

e an

d lo

cal

budg

et, t

echn

ical

an

d fin

anci

al

assi

stan

ce fr

om

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

n

All

Aim

ags

deve

lop

loca

l or

dina

nces

on

was

te

man

agem

ent c

oupl

ed w

ith

loca

l str

ateg

y an

d ac

tion

plan

Shor

t ter

m –

20%

Med

ium

term

– 4

0%Lo

ng te

rm –

100

%1.

5.2

Con

duct

stu

dies

on

dist

inct

ive

feat

ures

and

was

te

com

posi

tion

of d

iffer

ent w

aste

str

eam

s as

wel

l as

on o

ptim

al

met

hods

for

final

trea

tmen

t and

dis

posa

l as

part

of t

he m

aste

r pl

anni

ng p

roce

ss;

1.5.

3 P

repa

re c

ost e

stim

ates

and

con

duct

cos

t ben

efit a

naly

ses

for

was

te r

educ

tion

and

recy

clin

g fo

r al

l typ

es o

f was

te;

1.5.

4 D

eter

min

e in

stitu

tiona

l arr

ange

men

ts a

nd

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

for

natio

nal s

olid

was

te m

anag

emen

t pla

nnin

g;

and

2018

-202

0A

imag

/City

1.5.

5 D

evel

op g

uide

lines

to im

plem

ent i

dent

ified

inst

itutio

nal

mec

hani

sms.

20

18-2

020

MET

Objec

tive 2

: Red

uce fi

nal w

aste

dispo

sal b

y 30 p

er ce

nt thr

ough

the u

se of

econ

omic

incen

tives

for r

ecyc

ling a

nd re

cove

ry of

waste

.

Stra

tegy

2.1

Esta

blis

h a

colle

ctio

n sy

stem

for

recy

clin

g an

d re

cove

ry o

f sol

id

was

te.

2.1.

1 In

trod

uce

buy-

back

or

take

-bac

k m

echa

nism

s so

that

co

nsum

ers

can

retu

rn p

rodu

cts

to m

anuf

actu

rers

/pro

duce

rs

and

intr

oduc

e fin

anci

al m

echa

nism

s fo

r cu

stom

ers

purc

hasi

ng

new

pro

duct

s ba

sed

on E

PR

.

2019

-202

5M

ET, A

UC

GO

, M

FALI

, MM

HI

Stat

e an

d lo

cal

budg

et, t

echn

ical

an

d fin

anci

al

assi

stan

ce fr

om

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

n

Cre

ated

eff

ectiv

e an

d ef

ficie

nt

econ

omic

leve

rage

and

in

cent

ive

syst

em to

red

uce

was

tes

Shor

t ter

m –

10%

Med

ium

term

– 3

0%Lo

ng te

rm –

>30

%

2.1.

2 Es

tabl

ish

syst

ems

for

the

colle

ctio

n an

d tr

ansp

orta

tion

of

the

was

te.

2019

-202

5

2.1.

3 Es

tabl

ish

linka

ges

betw

een

colle

ctio

n an

d tr

ansp

orta

tion

syst

ems

to r

ecyc

ling

faci

litie

s.Li

nk ta

rget

-bas

ed c

olle

ctio

n w

ith fi

nanc

ial m

echa

nism

s to

fa

cilit

ate

recy

clin

g.

2019

-202

5M

ET, M

ASM

, CG

A,

corr

espo

ndin

g M

inis

trie

s

2.1.

5 A

dver

tise,

pro

mot

e an

d di

stri

bute

info

rmat

ion

on

recy

clab

le w

aste

col

lect

ion

cent

ers,

loca

tions

and

pur

chas

e ra

tes

of r

ecyc

labl

e m

ater

ials

.

2019

-202

5


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Stra

tegy

2.2

Cre

ate

(enc

oura

ge)

favo

rabl

e (c

onve

nien

t)

cond

ition

and

su

ppor

t for

pri

vate

en

titie

s to

inve

st in

w

aste

col

lect

ion,

tr

ansp

orta

tion,

re

cycl

ing,

reu

se a

nd

reco

very

act

iviti

es.

2.2.

1 A

sses

smen

t of e

xist

ing

finan

cing

mec

hani

sms,

in

cent

ive

syst

ems

and

econ

omic

inst

rum

ents

for

solid

was

te

man

agem

ent i

n M

ongo

lia;

2018

-202

0M

ET, T

he

Min

istr

y of

Foo

d,

Agr

icul

ture

&

Ligh

t Ind

ustr

y (M

FALI

), M

MH

I

Stat

e an

d lo

cal

budg

et, t

echn

ical

an

d fin

anci

al

assi

stan

ce fr

om

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

n

Cre

ated

eff

ectiv

e an

d ef

ficie

nt

econ

omic

leve

rage

and

in

cent

ive

syst

em to

red

uce

was

tes

Shor

t ter

m –

10%

Med

ium

term

– 3

0%Lo

ng te

rm –

30%

2.2.

2 Id

entifi

catio

n of

pra

ctic

al e

xam

ples

, cas

es, s

ucce

ss

stor

ies

and

artic

les

from

inte

rnat

iona

l exp

erie

nce

to d

evel

op

and

intr

oduc

e fin

anci

ng m

echa

nism

s an

d in

cent

ive

syst

ems

in

the

solid

was

te m

anag

emen

t sec

tor;

2018

-202

0M

ET, M

ET, G

ASI

, A

UC

GO

MFA

LI

2.2.

3 G

ive

tax

reba

tes

and

disc

ount

s to

inve

stor

s an

d en

titie

s w

ho r

ecyc

le a

nd r

ecov

er w

aste

;A

UC

GO

, MET

2.2.

4 Es

tabl

ish

regu

latio

ns to

enc

oura

ge g

reen

pro

cure

men

t, im

port

equ

ipm

ent,

mat

eria

l, sp

are

part

s fo

r re

cycl

ing,

re

cove

ry, d

ispo

sal,

land

fillin

g, a

nd 3

R-r

elat

ed a

ctiv

ities

th

roug

h fa

vora

ble

taxa

tion,

eco

nom

ic p

olic

ies

and

ince

ntiv

e sy

stem

s;

2018

-202

0M

ET, C

TO, T

he

Min

istr

y of

Fi

nanc

e (M

F)

2.2.

5 En

cour

age

high

er r

esou

rce

use

effic

ienc

y by

pro

mot

ing

activ

ities

to in

trod

uce

adva

nced

and

hig

h-en

d te

chno

logi

es

that

hav

e lo

w o

r no

was

te d

isch

arge

s in

the

prod

uctio

n pr

oces

s. A

lso

prom

ote

prod

uctio

n us

ing

recy

clab

le m

ater

ials

to

red

uce

reso

urce

use

;

2018

-203

0M

ET, G

over

nmen

t P

rocu

rem

ent

Age

ncy

of

Mon

golia

(GPA

M)

2.2.

6 R

educ

e or

exe

mpt

cus

tom

dut

ies

for

adva

nced

te

chno

logi

es a

nd e

quip

men

t whi

ch h

ave

high

effi

cien

cy o

f na

tura

l res

ourc

e us

e, r

educ

e po

llutio

n an

d w

aste

gen

erat

ion;

2018

-202

0

2.2.

7 P

rom

ote

sale

s an

d pu

rcha

ses

of r

ecyc

led

good

s an

d en

cour

age

bidd

ers

who

off

er r

ecyc

led,

rec

over

ed r

aw

mat

eria

ls a

nd p

rodu

cts

by g

ivin

g pr

efer

ence

/pri

ority

in

proc

urem

ent o

f goo

ds, w

orks

, and

ser

vice

s w

ith s

tate

and

loca

l bu

dget

fund

s; a

nd

2017

-202

0

2.2.

8 O

rgan

ize

trai

ning

and

adv

ocac

y to

cre

ate

a ci

tizen

’s

initi

ativ

e fo

r so

rtin

g, r

ecyc

ling

and

reus

ing

prac

tices

.


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Stra

tegy

2.3

Enga

ge th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

– th

roug

h pu

blic

-pri

vate

pa

rtne

rshi

ps (P

PP

) –

to g

et in

volv

ed in

so

lid w

aste

col

lect

ion,

tr

ansp

orta

tion,

re

cycl

ing

and

disp

osal

.

2.3.

1 C

reat

e a

syst

em s

uch

that

the

orga

niza

tion

or in

divi

dual

in

trod

ucin

g ne

w te

chno

logy

or

man

ufac

ture

r im

plem

entin

g 3R

s is

abl

e to

app

ly fo

r a

soft

loan

from

com

mer

cial

ban

ks a

nd o

ther

fin

anci

al in

stitu

tions

;

2017

-202

0M

ET, G

ASI

, AU

CG

O

MFA

LISt

ate

and

loca

l bu

dget

, tec

hnic

al

and

finan

cial

as

sist

ance

from

in

tern

atio

nal

orga

niza

tion

Cre

ated

eff

ectiv

e an

d ef

ficie

nt

econ

omic

leve

rage

and

ince

ntiv

e sy

stem

to r

educ

e w

aste

sSh

ort t

erm

– 4

0%M

ediu

m te

rm –

50%

Long

term

– 1

00%

2.3.

2 En

cour

age

priv

ate

sect

or p

artic

ipat

ion

thro

ugh

PP

P fo

r so

lid

was

te m

anag

emen

t by

enab

ling

ince

ntiv

es h

ighl

ight

ed in

Str

ateg

y 2.

2 in

ord

er to

red

uce

capi

tal c

ost;

2.3.

3 Es

tabl

ish

a re

venu

e-ba

sed

busi

ness

mod

el w

ith a

rea

sona

ble

retu

rn o

n in

vest

men

t tha

t is

acce

ptab

le to

the

priv

ate

sect

or; a

nd20

17-2

020

MET

, GA

SI, A

UC

GO

M

FALI

Stat

e an

d lo

cal

budg

et, t

echn

ical

an

d fin

anci

al

assi

stan

ce fr

om

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

n2.

3.4

Enco

urag

e th

e es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f eco

park

s th

roug

h P

PP

for

recy

clin

g, r

ecov

ery

and

trea

tmen

t of w

aste

.20

17-2

030

Stat

e an

d lo

cal

budg

et, t

echn

ical

an

d fin

anci

al

assi

stan

ce fr

om

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

n

Cre

ated

eff

ectiv

e an

d ef

ficie

nt

econ

omic

leve

rage

and

ince

ntiv

e sy

stem

to r

educ

e w

aste

sSh

ort t

erm

– 4

0%M

ediu

m te

rm –

50%

Long

term

– 1

00%

Objec

tive 3

: Esta

blish

Holis

tic W

aste

Mana

geme

nt for

the H

azard

ous W

aste

Stra

tegy

3.1

Esta

blis

h ha

zard

ous

was

te in

vent

ory

syst

em.

3.1.

1 C

ondu

ct a

haz

ardo

us w

aste

inve

ntor

y ev

ery

five

year

s to

de

term

ine

the

leve

l of h

azar

dous

was

te g

ener

atio

n an

d co

mpo

sitio

n fr

om v

ario

us s

ourc

es:

D

efine

and

cla

ssify

haz

ardo

us w

aste

s an

d co

nduc

t bas

elin

e st

udie

s to

det

erm

ine

the

exis

ting

scen

ario

;

Esta

blis

h a

haza

rdou

s w

aste

reg

istr

atio

n an

d re

port

ing

syst

em fo

r ha

zard

ous

was

te m

anag

emen

t; a

nd

Dev

elop

sta

ndar

ds to

det

erm

ine

haza

rdou

s w

aste

co

mpo

nent

s an

d co

mpo

sitio

n.

2018

-202

0M

ETW

IS fo

r H

azar

dous

Was

teSh

ort t

erm

– 2

0%M

ediu

m te

rm –

50%

Long

term

– 1

00%

3.1.

2 En

hanc

e ca

paci

ty a

nd c

apab

ility

of e

xist

ing

labo

rato

ries

that

can

de

term

ine

com

pone

nts

and

com

posi

tion

of h

azar

dous

was

te:

Iden

tify

labo

rato

ries

that

can

und

erta

ke h

azar

dous

was

te te

stin

g an

d an

alys

is;

Car

ry o

ut a

sses

smen

ts o

f the

labo

rato

ries

’ cap

aciti

es a

nd

capa

bilit

ies;

Dev

elop

sta

ndar

ds fo

r th

e es

tabl

ishm

ent a

nd o

pera

tion

of te

stin

g la

bora

tori

es;

Enha

nce

thei

r ca

paci

ties

and

capa

bilit

ies

as p

er r

equi

red

stan

dard

s.

2018

-202

0M

ET, A

UC

GO

, M

ECSS

, AS

3.1.

3 Es

tabl

ish

and

mai

ntai

n a

syst

em fo

r re

gist

ratio

n, a

war

ding

pe

rmits

and

rep

ortin

g on

haz

ardo

us w

aste

gen

erat

ors/

gene

ratio

n,

colle

ctor

s/co

llect

ion,

tran

spor

ters

/tra

nspo

rtat

ion,

rec

ycle

rs/r

ecyc

ling

and

disp

oser

s/di

spos

al o

pera

tions

.

2018

-202

0M

ET, A

UC

GO


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Stra

tegy

3.2

Esta

blis

h a

haza

rdou

s w

aste

m

anag

emen

t sys

tem

fo

r co

llect

ion,

tr

ansp

orta

tion,

re

cycl

ing

and

disp

osal

.

3.2.

1 In

trod

uce

EPR

sys

tem

to ta

ke-b

ack

haza

rdou

s m

ater

ials

an

d w

aste

s ge

nera

ted

from

pro

duce

d go

ods;

2017

-203

0M

ET

3.2.

2 Es

tabl

ish

ecop

arks

con

sist

ing

of r

ecyc

ling

and

trea

tmen

t fa

cilit

ies

for

haza

rdou

s w

aste

s an

d ot

her

proc

essi

ng a

ctiv

ities

/fa

cilit

ies:

Con

duct

a s

tudy

on

haza

rdou

s w

aste

gen

erat

ion

and

its

geog

raph

ical

dis

trib

utio

n;D

evel

op a

feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

on

the

esta

blis

hmen

t of t

empo

rary

st

orag

e, d

ispo

sal,

trea

tmen

t and

rec

yclin

g fa

cilit

ies

base

d on

ge

ogra

phic

al lo

catio

n of

thes

e fa

cilit

ies;

Con

duct

env

iron

men

tal i

mpa

ct a

sses

smen

ts p

rior

to th

e es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f haz

ardo

us w

aste

faci

litie

s;D

evel

op a

pol

icy

to b

uild

an

ecop

ark

in c

lose

pro

xim

ity to

the

land

fill i

n or

der

to fa

cilit

ate

reus

e, r

ecov

ery,

rec

yclin

g w

ith

redu

ced

load

on

disp

osal

; Es

tabl

ish

hous

ehol

d ha

zard

ous

was

te d

rop-

off c

ente

rs in

ur

ban

area

s su

ch a

s so

ums

and

duur

egs;

Su

pply

hea

lthc

are

was

te d

isin

fect

ion

equi

pmen

t to

hosp

itals

in

soum

s;

Con

stru

ct h

ealt

hcar

e w

aste

inci

nera

tion

faci

litie

s in

larg

er

urba

n ar

eas/

citie

s.

2017

-203

0M

ET

MR

T, A

UC

G, C

AA

, N

ATC

, RTD

C, M

R

SOSC

, UR

JSC

, M

IAT

MET

, AU

CG

O,

AGO

, MH

, UC

GO

, M

CU

D, G

ASI

Haz

ardo

us w

aste

seg

rega

tion,

re

cycl

ing

and

reus

ing

syst

emSh

ort t

erm

– 2

0%M

ediu

m te

rm –

50%

Long

term

– 1

00%

.2.3

Cre

ate

a ha

zard

ous

was

te m

onito

ring

sys

tem

for

sort

ing

was

te a

t sou

rce,

saf

e st

orag

e an

d tr

ansf

er to

an

auth

oriz

ed

orga

niza

tion/

oper

ator

for

recy

clin

g, r

ecov

ery

activ

ities

:C

ondu

ct a

rev

iew

and

gap

ana

lysi

s of

the

exis

ting

haza

rdou

s w

aste

mon

itori

ng s

yste

m; a

ndEs

tabl

ish

a m

onito

ring

sys

tem

for

haza

rdou

s w

aste

m

anag

emen

t.

2018

-202

5


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Objec

tive 4

: Red

uce w

aste

gene

ration

at th

e sou

rce by

prov

iding

publi

c edu

catio

n to e

nsure

habit

ual w

aste

segre

gatio

n.

Stra

tegy

4.1

Dev

elop

and

im

plem

ent a

w

aste

edu

catio

n pr

ogra

mm

e

4.1.

1 D

evel

op a

n ed

ucat

ion

prog

ram

me

on w

aste

man

agem

ent

at a

ll le

vels

of f

orm

al e

duca

tion

from

kin

derg

arte

n to

un

iver

sity

.

2018

-202

0M

ECSS

, MET

3R s

yste

m im

plem

ente

dSh

ort t

erm

– 3

0%M

ediu

m te

rm –

50%

Long

term

– 5

0%4.

1.2

Upd

ate

book

s an

d ed

ucat

ion

mat

eria

ls a

t all

leve

ls o

f ed

ucat

ion

to in

clud

e co

nten

t abo

ut in

tegr

ated

sol

id w

aste

m

anag

emen

t.

2020

-202

5M

ET, a

ssoc

iate

d m

inis

trie

s, a

ll le

vel o

f gov

erno

r4.

1.3

Pre

pare

trai

ners

/tea

cher

s an

d tr

aini

ng m

ater

ial f

or

educ

atin

g th

e pu

blic

/stu

dent

s on

inte

grat

ed s

olid

was

te

man

agem

ent.

2017

-202

0

4.1.

4 Su

ppor

t and

enc

oura

ge s

choo

ls to

hav

e an

eco

-clu

b an

d co

nduc

t act

iviti

es s

uch

as c

ampa

igns

to d

isse

min

ate

info

rmat

ion

and

rais

e aw

aren

ess.

2017

-202

0M

ECSS

, AU

CG

O

Stra

tegy

4.2

Inte

nsify

trai

ning

and

ad

voca

cy ta

rget

ed fo

r th

e bu

sine

ss e

ntiti

es

and

orga

niza

tions

.

4.2.

1 R

aise

aw

aren

ess

of b

usin

ess

entit

ies

on in

tegr

ated

sol

id w

aste

m

anag

emen

t, su

ch a

s by

intr

oduc

ing

was

te r

educ

tion

or p

reve

ntio

n op

tions

, usi

ng m

oder

n te

chno

logy

and

equ

ipm

ent a

nd m

axim

izin

g th

e us

e of

rec

ycla

bles

.

2020

-201

5M

ET, A

UC

GO

4.2.

2 R

educ

ed u

se o

f pac

kagi

ng a

nd c

onta

iner

mat

eria

ls in

the

tran

spor

t and

dis

trib

utio

n of

pro

duct

s, v

olun

tary

col

lect

ion

of u

sed

or c

onsu

med

pro

duct

s th

roug

h co

oper

atio

n am

ong

man

ufac

ture

rs,

dist

ribu

tors

, and

ret

aile

rs.

Dur

ing

the

Pro

gam

me

Per

iod

AU

CG

O

Stra

tegy

4.3

Impr

ove

pres

s an

d m

edia

’s r

ole

and

stat

e th

eir

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

rela

ting

to p

ublic

aw

aren

ess

of w

aste

m

anag

emen

t.

Esta

blis

h a

regu

lar

mec

hani

sm fo

r pu

blic

adv

ocac

y, in

the

soci

al

resp

onsi

bilit

y of

pre

ss a

nd m

edia

org

aniz

atio

n, o

n ha

rmfu

l eff

ects

ca

used

by

was

te to

pub

lic h

ealt

h an

d th

e en

viro

nmen

t, im

port

ance

of

was

te r

ecyc

les

and

reus

e, tr

aditi

onal

kno

wle

dge

of w

aste

.

Dur

ing

the

Pro

gam

me

Per

iod

MET

, AU

CG

O


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Stra

tegy

4.4

Rai

se p

ublic

aw

aren

ess

in

term

s of

dom

estic

w

aste

sep

arat

ion,

re

cycl

ing

and

prop

er

hand

ling

of c

hem

ical

su

bsta

nces

and

in

divi

dual

soc

ial

resp

onsi

bilit

y.

4.4.

1 B

uild

cap

acity

at t

he c

omm

unity

leve

l thr

ough

trai

ning

s an

d ev

ents

in o

rder

to p

rom

ote

the

form

atio

n of

hea

lthy

hab

its

such

as

sort

ing

and

segr

egat

ion

of w

aste

, util

izin

g ap

prop

riat

e ba

gs o

r bi

ns a

nd d

ispo

sal a

reas

and

enc

oura

ging

com

mun

ities

to

voi

ce th

eir

opin

ions

and

idea

s;

2018

-203

0M

ET, a

ssoc

iate

d m

inis

trie

s, a

ll le

vel o

f gov

erno

r

3R s

yste

m im

plem

ente

d Sh

ort t

erm

– 3

0%M

ediu

m te

rm –

50%

Long

term

– 1

00%

4.4.

2 O

rgan

ize

all-

incl

usiv

e w

aste

red

uctio

n ca

mpa

igns

th

roug

h lo

cal g

over

nmen

ts. A

imag

s/ci

ties

play

impo

rtan

t ro

les

in in

form

ing

and

educ

atin

g th

e pu

blic

to r

aise

the

awar

enes

s an

d, c

onse

quen

tly,

mot

ivat

e th

em to

pra

ctic

e th

e 3R

s, w

hich

are

key

to a

chie

ving

the

goal

s of

sus

tain

able

was

te

man

agem

ent.

4.4.

3 R

aise

aw

aren

ess

of 3

Rs

on y

outh

thro

ugh

educ

atio

n in

sc

hool

s an

d pr

omot

ing

part

icip

atio

n in

com

mun

ity-b

ased

3R

ac

tiviti

es s

uch

as w

aste

sep

arat

ion

driv

es in

aim

ags/

soum

s.

2018

-203

03R

sys

tem

impl

emen

ted

Shor

t ter

m –

30%

Med

ium

term

– 5

0%Lo

ng te

rm –

100

%4.

4.4

Pro

mot

e pu

blic

cam

paig

ns a

nd p

artic

ipat

ion

of y

outh

in

the

3Rs

activ

ities

. The

se a

ctiv

ities

may

incl

ude

sour

ce

sepa

ratio

n of

rec

ycla

ble

mat

eria

ls le

d by

sou

ms

asso

ciat

ions

, co

mm

uniti

es a

nd N

GO

s [M

NR

A].

MET

, ass

ocia

ted

min

istr

ies,

all

leve

l of g

over

nor

4.4.

5 P

rom

ote

3Rs

thro

ugh

focu

sed

trai

ning

and

eve

nts.

4.4.

6 En

hanc

e th

e ca

paci

ty o

f aim

ags/

citie

s/so

ums

in te

rms

of

repl

icat

ing

or c

usto

miz

ing

thei

r ow

n po

licie

s/lo

cal r

egul

atio

ns

thro

ugh:

Sett

ing

up lo

cal S

WM

boa

rds

with

foca

l poi

nts

in c

harg

e of

de

velo

ping

and

rec

omm

endi

ng w

aste

fees

and

tari

ffs

incl

udin

g fin

es a

nd p

enal

ties;

and

Dev

elop

cos

t acc

ount

ing

of S

WM

ser

vice

s.

2018

-203

0

4.4.

7 C

reat

e fe

edba

ck m

echa

nism

and

gri

evan

ce r

edre

ssal

sy

stem

to c

ontin

ually

impr

ove

was

te m

anag

emen

t sys

tem

.


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Objec

tive 5

: Gree

nhou

se ga

s red

uctio

ns by

tran

sition

ing to

envir

onme

ntal-f

riend

ly tec

hnolo

gies f

or fin

al wa

ste di

spos

al

Stra

tegy

5.1

Red

uctio

n in

ne

gativ

e im

pact

s of

so

lid w

aste

dis

posa

l si

tes

to p

ublic

hea

lth

and

the

envi

ronm

ent

5.1.

1 C

reat

e a

was

te p

rim

ary

colle

ctio

n an

d tr

eatm

ent c

entr

es

in s

oum

s an

d ur

ban

area

s.20

20-2

030

AU

CG

OG

over

nor

of

Aim

ag/C

ity

Soum

gov

erno

r

MET

, all

leve

l of

gove

rnor

s

Soum

gov

erno

r

Soum

/dis

tric

t go

vern

or

Stat

e an

d lo

cal

budg

et, t

echn

ical

an

d fin

anci

al

assi

stan

ce fr

om

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

n

Cha

nge

final

dis

posa

l in

city

an

d A

imag

cen

ter

to 1

st a

nd

2nd

cate

gory

was

te d

ispo

sal

Shor

t ter

m [u

p to

202

0] –

20%

(5

)M

ediu

m te

rm [u

p to

202

5]–

40%

(10)

Long

term

[up

to 2

030]

– 10

0%

(11)

5.1.

2 C

reat

e th

e bu

lky

was

te a

nd e

-was

te c

olle

ctio

n ce

nter

s in

ea

ch s

oum

and

dis

tric

ts.

5.1.

3 En

cour

age

and

prom

ote

the

priv

ate

sect

or in

itiat

ive

to b

uild

was

te to

ene

rgy

plan

t in

Ula

anba

atar

, Dar

khan

and

Er

dene

t city

.

2020

-203

0C

hang

e fin

al w

aste

dis

posa

l in

sou

m c

ente

r to

2nd

and

3rd

ca

tego

ry w

aste

dis

posa

lSh

ort t

erm

[up

to 2

020]

– 20

%

(66)

Med

ium

term

[up

to 2

025]

– 40

% (1

32)

Long

term

[up

to 2

030]

– 10

0%

(330

)

5.1.

4 In

trod

uce

mod

ern

tech

nolo

gies

and

bui

ld o

rgan

ic w

aste

-to

-gas

fuel

pla

nts.

5.1.

5 Es

tabl

ish

a sy

stem

to r

egis

ter/

give

per

mits

and

mon

itor

orga

niza

tions

invo

lved

in c

olle

ctio

n, tr

ansp

orta

tion,

rec

yclin

g,

reco

very

and

dis

posa

l of w

aste

.


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Stra

tegy

5.2

Red

uctio

n in

the

amou

nt o

f was

te

disp

osed

thro

ugh

supp

ort t

o w

aste

re

use,

rec

yclin

g an

d re

cove

ry a

ctiv

ities

.

5.2.

1 Id

entif

y po

licy

gaps

and

pri

oriti

ze s

uppl

emen

tal

polic

ies

to b

e de

velo

ped

on th

e re

duct

ion

and

cons

erva

tion

of r

esou

rces

and

raw

mat

eria

ls, i

n co

nsul

tatio

n w

ith k

ey

stak

ehol

ders

in th

e m

anuf

actu

ring

sec

tor:

Car

ry o

ut w

aste

ass

essm

ents

incl

udin

g qu

antit

y an

d co

mpo

sitio

n by

eac

h lin

e m

inis

try

for

sect

ors

incl

udin

g ag

ricu

ltur

e, m

inin

g an

d in

dust

ry; a

ndC

arry

out

gap

ana

lyse

s w

ith r

espe

ct to

the

polic

y fr

amew

ork

for

each

type

of w

aste

.

2020

-203

0M

ET, T

he M

inis

try

of E

duca

tion,

C

ultu

re, S

cien

ce

and

Spor

t (M

ECSS

), al

l lev

el

of g

over

nors

MET

, AU

CG

O

MET

, MEC

SS, a

ll le

vel o

f gov

erno

r

MET

, MEC

SS, a

ll le

vel o

f gov

erno

r

Impr

oved

lega

l env

iron

men

t on

was

tes

5.2.

2 D

evel

op p

olic

ies

on s

olid

was

te m

anag

emen

t, e.

g., w

aste

se

greg

atio

n, s

egre

gate

d w

aste

col

lect

ion,

ant

i-lit

teri

ng a

nd

othe

r pr

ohib

ited

prac

tices

:D

evel

op p

olic

y fr

amew

ork

and

guid

elin

es in

line

with

nat

iona

l po

licy

and

crea

te g

uide

lines

for

each

type

of w

aste

;D

evel

op s

tand

ards

for

esta

blis

hing

rec

yclin

g/re

cove

ry fa

cilit

ies

and

tem

pora

ry s

tora

ge fa

cilit

ies;

and

D

evel

op g

uide

lines

for

dele

gatin

g SW

M o

ffice

rs, c

ertifi

catio

n of

tr

aine

rs a

nd p

rofe

ssio

nals

.

2020

-203

0Im

prov

ed le

gal e

nvir

onm

ent

on w

aste

s

5.2.

3 D

evel

op a

nd im

plem

ent a

man

agem

ent p

lan

by th

e re

leva

nt m

inis

trie

s fo

r th

e pr

oper

trea

tmen

t, re

cove

ry a

nd

disp

osal

of w

aste

gen

erat

ed in

man

ufac

turi

ng p

roce

sses

.5.

2.4

Dev

elop

a w

aste

man

agem

ent p

lan

to c

ontr

ol w

aste

st

ream

s fr

om in

dust

ries

and

man

ufac

turi

ng p

roce

sses

by

the

rele

vant

min

istr

ies.

5.2.

5 D

evel

op g

uide

lines

to m

ains

trea

m a

nd e

stab

lish

met

hane

av

oida

nce,

red

uctio

n an

d ca

ptur

e ap

proa

ches

as

part

of t

he

sect

oral

con

trib

utio

n of

sol

id w

aste

man

agem

ent i

n M

ongo

lia’s

N

atio

nally

App

ropr

iate

Miti

gatio

n A

ctio

ns (N

AM

As)

und

er th

e U

NFC

CC

:Ex

pand

a m

onito

ring

net

wor

k fo

r en

viro

nmen

tal c

onta

min

atio

n ca

used

by

was

tes

and

toxi

c su

bsta

nces

. Eng

age

in c

apac

ity

build

ing

of e

nvir

onm

enta

l lab

orat

orie

s so

that

cor

rect

and

fa

ctua

l inf

orm

atio

n on

the

natu

re a

nd e

xten

t of e

nvir

onm

enta

l po

llutio

n ca

n be

det

erm

ined

and

mon

itore

d.


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Stra

tegy

5.3

Ensu

re te

chni

cal a

nd

advi

sory

sup

port

to

crea

te th

e ne

cess

ary

natio

nal c

apac

ity

need

ed to

ach

ieve

ta

rget

s se

t in

the

IND

Cs,

with

a

part

icul

ar fo

cus

on

redu

cing

GH

Gs

and

SLC

Ps

from

the

was

te

sect

or.

5.3.

1 U

nder

take

tech

nica

l and

inst

itutio

nal c

apac

ity b

uild

ing

activ

ities

to

incr

ease

the

abili

ty o

f sta

keho

lder

s to

mee

t the

inte

rnat

iona

l G

HG

miti

gatio

n co

mm

itmen

ts (I

ND

Cs)

thro

ugh

spec

ific

polic

y in

terv

entio

ns, a

s w

ell a

s th

e id

entifi

catio

n of

sui

tabl

e en

viro

nmen

tally

so

und

tech

nolo

gies

to m

itiga

te G

HG

s an

d SL

CP

s em

issi

ons

from

the

was

te s

ecto

r:Id

entif

y di

ffer

ent s

take

hold

ers

at n

atio

nal,

city

and

loca

l lev

els

resp

onsi

ble

for

mee

ting

the

targ

ets

prov

ided

in IN

DC

s fr

om th

e so

lid

was

te s

ecto

r;

2018

-203

0M

ET, N

atio

nal

Com

mitt

ee o

f C

limat

e C

hang

e (N

CC

C)

Stat

e an

d lo

cal

budg

et, t

echn

ical

an

d fin

anci

al

assi

stan

ce fr

om

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

n

Ach

ieve

d th

e ta

rget

s se

t in

the

IND

Cs,

with

par

ticul

ar fo

cus

on

redu

ctio

n of

GH

Gs

and

SLC

Ps

by

14%

from

the

was

te s

ecto

rSh

ort t

erm

– 2

0%M

ediu

m te

rm –

30%

Long

term

– 1

00%

5.3.

2 St

reng

then

the

capa

city

of p

olic

y m

aker

s an

d pr

actit

ione

rs in

M

ongo

lia to

red

uce

GH

Gs

and

SLC

Ps

from

the

solid

was

te s

ecto

r,

base

d on

the

conc

ept o

f cir

cula

r ec

onom

y:U

nder

take

cap

acity

bui

ldin

g ne

eds

asse

ssm

ents

of i

dent

ified

st

akeh

olde

rs in

clud

ing

polic

y m

aker

s an

d in

dust

ry;

2018

-203

0M

ET, N

CC

C

5.3.

3 Su

ppor

t nat

iona

l and

loca

l gov

ernm

ents

to c

reat

e an

en

ablin

g le

gisl

ativ

e, fi

nanc

ial a

nd te

chno

logi

cal e

nvir

onm

ent f

or

the

intr

oduc

tion

and

upta

ke o

f sui

tabl

e en

viro

nmen

tally

-sou

nd

tech

nolo

gies

(EST

s) in

the

was

te s

ecto

r:U

nder

take

tech

nolo

gy n

eeds

ass

essm

ents

of t

he s

olid

was

te

man

agem

ent s

ecto

r, e

spec

ially

in r

elat

ion

to w

aste

-to-

ener

gy to

re

duce

GH

Gs

and

SLC

Ps

base

d on

the

conc

ept o

f 3R

s an

d ci

rcul

ar

econ

omy.

MET

, NC

CC

5.3.

4 U

nder

take

miti

gatio

n m

easu

res

to r

educ

e G

HG

em

issi

ons

from

the

solid

was

te s

ecto

r th

roug

h im

plem

enta

tion

of th

e 3R

s,

intr

oduc

tion

of e

nvir

onm

enta

lly s

ound

tech

nolo

gy a

nd b

y in

crea

sing

ef

fect

iven

ess

and

effic

ienc

y of

the

man

ufac

turi

ng s

ecto

r:D

esig

n an

d un

dert

ake

capa

city

bui

ldin

g pr

ogra

mm

es fo

r st

akeh

olde

rs

to im

prov

e hu

man

res

ourc

e ca

paci

ty, e

xpan

ding

res

earc

h an

d de

velo

pmen

t and

car

ryin

g ou

t tec

hnol

ogy

asse

ssm

ents

on

the

solid

w

aste

man

agem

ent s

ecto

r; a

ndId

entif

y an

d de

sign

tech

nolo

gies

for

solid

was

te m

anag

emen

t in

clud

ing

was

te-t

o-en

ergy

bas

ed o

n be

st p

ract

ices

, suc

cess

ful c

ase

stud

ies

and

thei

r su

itabi

lity.

MET

, NC

CC

Stra

tegy

5.4

Inst

all w

aste

dis

posa

l si

tes

that

mee

t hea

lth

and

wel

l-be

ing

in

all a

imag

s or

loca

l co

mm

uniti

es.

5.4.

1 A

dopt

a s

tep-

by-s

tep

appr

oach

to c

hang

e di

spos

al s

ites

in c

ities

an

d ai

mag

s to

firs

t and

sec

ond

cate

gory

was

te d

ispo

sal s

yste

ms.

2018

-203

0M

ET, C

ity g

over

nor,

Th

e M

inis

try

of

Envi

ronm

ent (

ME)

Stat

e an

d lo

cal

budg

et, t

echn

ical

an

d fin

anci

al

assi

stan

ce fr

om

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

n

Cha

nge

final

dis

posa

l in

city

an

d ai

mag

cen

ter

to 1

st a

nd 2

nd

cate

gory

was

te d

ispo

sal

Shor

t ter

m –

20%

(5)

Med

ium

term

– 3

0% (1

0)Lo

ng te

rm –

30%

(11)

5.4.

2 A

dopt

a s

tep-

by-s

tep

appr

oach

to c

hang

e di

spos

al s

ites

in

soum

s to

sec

ond

and

thir

d ca

tego

ry w

aste

dis

posa

l sys

tem

s.20

18-2

030

MET

, ME,

MFA

LIC

hang

e fin

al d

ispo

sal i

n so

um

cent

er to

2nd

and

3rd

cat

egor

y w

aste

dis

posa

lSh

ort t

erm

– 2

0% (6

6)M

ediu

m te

rm –

40%

(132

)Lo

ng te

rm –

30%

(330

)


Strat

egies

Actio

nTim

efram

e of

imple

menta

tion

Resp

onsib

le Ag

ency

Fund

sPe

rform

ance

targe

ts/ind

icator

s

Objec

tive 6

: Esta

blish

requ

ired o

rganiz

ation

al str

uctur

es an

d fina

ncial

syste

ms fo

r sus

taina

ble w

aste

mana

geme

nt to

ensu

re its

opera

tiona

l stab

ility.

Stra

tegy

6.1

Esta

blis

h re

quir

ed

stru

ctur

e to

dev

elop

a

sust

aina

ble

was

te

man

agem

ent s

yste

m

and

ensu

re it

s op

erat

iona

l sta

bilit

y.

6.1.

1 U

pdat

e th

e re

leva

nt le

gal d

ocum

ents

to in

clud

e pr

ovis

ions

for

empl

oym

ent o

f in-

char

ge o

f was

te m

anag

emen

t in

all

the

stat

e or

gani

zatio

ns;

2018

-202

05M

F, M

ET, A

UC

GO

Esta

blis

hed

a su

stai

nabl

e in

stitu

tion

for

was

te

man

agem

ent

Shor

t ter

m –

30%

Med

ium

term

– 6

0%Lo

ng te

rm –

100

%

6.1.

2 U

pdat

e th

e or

gani

zatio

n st

ruct

ure

of th

e de

part

men

t or

sta

te o

rgan

izat

ion

incl

udin

g sp

ecia

list r

espo

nsib

le fo

r th

e w

aste

man

agem

ent.

2018

-202

05M

F,M

ET

6.1.

3 En

sure

sta

ble

empl

oym

ent c

ondi

tion

for

spec

ialis

t in

char

ge fo

r th

e w

aste

man

agem

ent a

t all

the

leve

ls o

f sta

te

orga

niza

tion.

Stra

tegy

6.2

Impr

ove

finan

cing

m

echa

nism

s by

rec

over

ing

expe

nses

req

uire

d fo

r im

plem

entin

g an

d op

erat

ing

was

te m

anag

emen

t sy

stem

s th

roug

h th

e tr

ansf

er o

f was

te

serv

ice

char

ges

and

fees

bas

ed o

n po

llute

r pa

ys a

nd

exte

nded

pro

duce

r re

spon

sibi

lity

prin

cipl

es.

6.2.

1 Es

tabl

ish

a w

aste

man

agem

ent f

und

that

incl

udes

fine

s an

d pe

nalt

ies

impo

sed,

don

atio

ns, e

ndow

men

ts, g

rant

s an

d co

ntri

butio

ns fr

om d

omes

tic a

nd fo

reig

n so

urce

s: ı

Impr

ove

colle

ctio

n of

was

te s

ervi

ce fe

es a

s w

ell a

s au

gmen

t inc

ome

from

levi

es o

n po

llute

r pa

ys p

rinc

iple

/EP

R;

ıId

entif

y po

tent

ial s

ourc

es o

f fun

ds fo

r so

lid w

aste

m

anag

emen

t inf

rast

ruct

ure

deve

lopm

ent,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g, s

kills

dev

elop

men

t, co

mm

unic

atio

n an

d in

form

atio

n di

ssem

inat

ion;

and

ıC

reat

e a

fund

with

see

d m

oney

from

the

gove

rnm

ent,

whi

ch w

ill s

erve

as

a re

posi

tory

of t

ax, fi

nes,

pen

altie

s,

dona

tions

, end

owm

ent,

gran

ts a

nd c

ontr

ibut

ions

from

do

mes

tic a

nd fo

reig

n so

urce

s;

2020

-202

5A

UC

GO

MF,

MET

, AU

CG

O

Esta

blis

h a

sust

aina

ble

sour

ce

of fu

ndin

g / fi

nanc

ing

for

was

te m

anag

emen

tSh

ort t

erm

– 3

0%M

ediu

m te

rm –

60%

Long

term

– 1

00%

6.2.

2 Es

tabl

ish

a re

gula

tion

to a

lloca

te s

ome

amou

nt o

f roy

alty

to

the

loca

l was

te m

anag

emen

t fun

d.20

20-2

025

MET

, MF

6.2.

3 Es

tabl

ish

a m

echa

nism

for

conv

ertin

g w

aste

to v

alue

-ad

ded

prod

ucts

and

div

ertin

g w

aste

from

dis

posa

l as

in a

ci

rcul

ar e

cono

my;

2020

-202

5M

ET, a

ll le

vel o

f go

vern

or

6.2.

4 D

evel

op s

trea

mlin

ed s

yste

ms

to g

uide

aim

ags/

citie

s/so

ums

in u

nder

stan

ding

how

to a

cces

s fin

anci

al r

esou

rces

to

fund

sol

id w

aste

man

agem

ent s

ervi

ces

and

pay

for

rela

ted

infr

astr

uctu

re;

2020

-202

5

6.2.

5 P

rovi

de in

form

atio

n on

res

ourc

es r

equi

rem

ent a

nd

sour

ces

of fu

ndin

g an

nual

ly.

AU

CG

O

6.2.

6 R

ecom

men

d m

easu

res

to g

ener

ate

reso

urce

s, fu

ndin

g an

d im

plem

enta

tion

of p

roje

cts

and

activ

ities

as

spec

ified

in

appr

oved

act

ion

plan

s/m

aste

r pl

ans.

2020

-202

5A

UC

GO


Note:

AS Academy of SciencesAUCG Aimag and Ulaanbaatar City Governor

AGO Aimag’s Governor’s OfficeAUCGO Aimag and Ulaanbaatar City’s Governor’s Office

CAA The Civil Aviation AuthorityCGA Custom General Administration

GASI General Agency for Specialized InspectionMASM Mongolian Agency for Standardization and MetrologyMCUD Ministry of Construction and Urban Development

ME Ministry of EnergyMET Ministry of Environment and Tourism

MECSS Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, and SportsMF Ministry of Finance

MFALI Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Light IndustryMJIA Ministry of Justice and Internal Affair

MH Ministry of HealthMIAT Mongolian Airlines

MMHI Ministry of Mining and Heavy IndustryMR SOSC Mongolian Railway State Owned Shareholding Company

MRT Ministry of Road and TransportationNATC National Auto Transportation Center

NEMA National Emergency Management AgencyRTDC Road and Transport Development Center UCGO Ulaanbaatar City Governor’s Office

UR JSC Ulaanbaatar Railway Joint Stock Company

5 \ Monitoring and review of the

strategy


Development Implementation

MonitoringPlanning

MoG Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Other ministries

City/Aimag

Soum/District

Bag Khoroo

Private organization/NGO

Approval WMS

MET Preparation to get approval from MoG

Public community, stakeholders Comments, review

Project team Төслийн баг Development

Baseline Study METExpert, research institution

Figure 8 NWMIS development and implementation stakeholders diagram

Implementation of the National waste management improvement strategy

The process of the strategy implementation begins with formal adoption of the NWMISAP, according to the Law on Waste (2017) and Law on Legal documentation, and formal launch of the NWMISAP. The launch should be accompanied by an appropriate public relations campaign.

Following the adoption and launch of the NWMISAP, a number of steps are needed for implementation of the NWMISAP:

› Awareness raising and communication, first among stakeholders in the waste management and among concerned sectors in the government, followed by the wider community;

› Assigning responsibilities and tasks among the players identified in the strategy;

› Mobilising resources such as:

• Economic instruments, including the charging of fees, introduction of tax incentives and disincentives;

• Investment incentives for the private sector and for public-private partnerships;

• Securing the necessary budget from the government; and

• Negotiating arrangements with relevant private sector participants;

› Identifying and delivering any necessary legislative and regulatory changes;

› Enforcement (in the case of new laws or regulations);

› Gathering and recording of reliable information and data and public dissemination.

As stated in the Mongolian law on waste, the Mongolian government approved the National Programme on Improvement of Waste. Further, Ministry of Environment and Tourism shall

5 \ Monitoring and review of the strategy 53

approve an action plan to implement the National Programme on Waste Management and enforce its implementation.

One essential element in effective implementation is a continuing focus on the progress made as well as on new obstacles. There is a need to monitor progress to ensure that various components of the strategy are being given effect; that the action plans for the priority waste streams and issues are being pursued; that data is being gathered to enable informed decision-making; and that there is a visible and measurable progress towards the targets. If the main committee used in developing the strategy is retained, its major task should be to receive and consider reports of progress, identify obstacles, and adjust policies and resource allocations to address failures, shortcomings and new challenges. If the main committee is not retained, a new committee or alternative structure will need to be established and given this responsibility.

It is essential that the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders to implement the NWMISAP are well-defined and that line ministries develop their own solid waste management plans, including actions and activities, consistent with the NWMISAP. Other critical elements in the effective implementation are full involvement of line ministries, communication and cooperation with other stakeholders. Communication tools include regular meetings of working groups, reporting progress on official websites, sharing information through the media (e.g., newspaper, radio), and so on.

Assessment of the progress and success of the NWMISAP requires measuring and assessing goals and targets set. This requires:

› Information and data on all waste streams;

› A process of evaluating the success or failure of particular initiatives through the use of indicators, including identifying barriers to success; and

› Reporting the results to the government and other stakeholders.

Monitoring

The realization of the goals and objectives and expectation of the outcomes of the NWMISAP will be monitored as follows:

› MET is responsible to report the progress and result of the NWMISAP to the Government of Mongolia;

› Local governors will report on the progress and results of the NWMISAP to the MET;

› MET and other line ministries will be responsible for implementing and monitoring the NWMISAP;

› The indicators of expected outcomes of each activity of the strategy are described and the strategy will be evaluated using the indicators every two years. If necessary, improvements will be made.

› According to the waste law, police and public inspectors at special inspection agency will monitor the implementation of waste management.


References

AIT RRC.AP (2016). Baseline report on Waste Management Systems in Mongolia. AIT, Pathumthani, Thailand

Batsuuri N. (2010). Implementation activities of 3R strategy in Mongolia.

Bulgan T. (2016). Head of Green development policy and planning department, Ministry of Environment and Tourism. Presentation on requirement to renew legal framework and management on waste, and policy on waste management, Second Workshop on National and City Waste Management Strategy & Action Plan and Pilot Demonstration Project & Capacity Building Training Session on E-waste Management in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 14-16 December, 2016.

Environmental protection master plan of Mongolian government, vol.2, part 2, Solid waste management.

Federated States of Micronesia (2010 – 2014). National solid waste management strategy.

Georgia (2016-2030). Draft national waste management strategy.

Global Review of Solid Waste Management; March 2012, No. 15

Green development strategic action plan for Ulaanbaatar 2020.

Khishgee (2014). Mongolian Government Ordinance No. 298, 2014, and MET 2016

Ministry of Environment and Green Development (2014). Action plan to implement Green development policy of Mongolia for 2016-2030.

Ministry of Environment and Green Development (2014). Green development policy of Mongolia and its implementation.

Ministry of Environment and Green Development (2014). National implementation plan for the Stockholm Convention for Mongolia.

Mongolia Statistical Bulletin 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016; National Statistics Office of Mongolia.

Mongolian Government Act (March 1999). Reducing Waste National Strategy.

Mongolian Government Ordinance, Ref no. 298, 2014. National Programme on Waste Management Improvement. Government of Mongolia

Socialist Republic of Vietnam, (2009). National Strategy of Integrated Solid Waste Management up to 2025, vision towards 2050.

Solid waste law of Mongolia (2012).

State Parliament Resolution, Article 19, Approval of the Concept of Sustainable Development (February 2016) http://www.legalinfo.mn/law/details/11725 (Accessed on 24 January, (2016)

State Parliament Resolution, Article 45, Government 2016-2020 Action Plan Approval, (May 2016). http://legalinfo.mn/law/details/12120. (Accessed on 24 January, (2016)

UNEP-UNITAR, (2013). Guidelines for National Waste Management Strategies: Moving from Challenges to Opportunities.

Waste Law of 2017. Government of Mongolia.

Workshop on National and City Waste Management Strategy & Action Plan and Pilot Demonstration Project & Capacity Building Training Session on E-waste Management in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 14-16 December, 2016.

http://www.legalinfo.mn/law/details/11725

http://legalinfo.mn/law/details/12120

http://legalinfo.mn/law/details/12120

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