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Business Models for Digital Platforms Monetization in value networks 29 March 2017, Lan Ge

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Page 1: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Business Models for Digital Platforms

Monetization in value networks

29 March 2017, Lan Ge

Page 2: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Outline

Platform economy & digital platforms

Business model

Key elements of platform business

Monetization

Page 3: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Econ

omie

s of

sco

pe

Economies of scale

Platform economy

Page 4: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Basic utility Applications & Services

Digital

not digital

Digital platforms are diverse and evolving

Page 5: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

What is a business model?

‘The way in which an organisation creates, delivers and captures value in economic, social, or other contexts’

Page 6: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

What is a business model?

Firm-centric Network centric

‘The way in which an organisation creates, delivers and captures value in economic, social, or other contexts’

Page 7: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Platform Business

Governance

Ownership

Launch

Growth

Monetization

Architecture

Platform business: Key aspects

Page 8: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Designing a Successful Platform

Producers Consumers

‘Prosumers’ Core

Interactions

Fun

Fame

Fortune

...

Platform

Page 9: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Designing a Successful Platform

Stakeholder analysis (Roles & Requirements)

Business logic (Incentive design

Governance & monetization)

Technical design (Enabling interactions)

Page 10: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Why Governance? --Data

Obligations

Liabilities

Valuation

Rights

Who owns data

How to ensure privacy?

How to balance stakes and interests?

Who is responsible

for data security?

Who ensures data quality?

Who has access to

data

Who reaps benefits from

data

Who bears costs of data?

Governance

Page 11: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Why Governance? - platform

Obligations

Liabilities

Valuation

Rights

Who owns the platform

How to balance stakes and interests?

Who is responsible for

platform performance?

Who has access to the

platform

Who reaps benefits from network

effects?

Governance

Who bears the costs of platform development?

Page 12: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Openness of the platform

Platform management

One firm Many firms

Ow

ners

(s

pons

or)

Monopoly Proprietary model

Licensing model

Dispersed Joint Venture model

Shared model

Adapted from: Eisenmann, T., Parker, G., and van Alstyne, M. “Opening Platforms: How,

When and Why” Chapter 6 in Platforms, Markets and Innovation, edited by Gawer A.

(Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2009)

Ownership structure of a platform

Page 13: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Openness of the platform

Platform management

One firm

Ow

ners

(s

pons

or)

Monopoly Proprietary model e.g. MyJohnDeere, Farmlogs, Unitip

Adapted from: Eisenmann, T., Parker, G., and van Alstyne, M. “Opening Platforms: How,

When and Why” Chapter 6 in Platforms, Markets and Innovation, edited by Gawer A.

(Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2009)

Ownership structure of a platform

Page 14: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Openness of the platform

Platform management

One firm

Ow

ners

(s

pons

or)

Joint Venture model e.g. FBN, Farmforce, Farmers Edge

Dispersed

Adapted from: Eisenmann, T., Parker, G., and van Alstyne, M. “Opening Platforms: How,

When and Why” Chapter 6 in Platforms, Markets and Innovation, edited by Gawer A.

(Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2009)

Ownership structure of a platform

Page 15: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Launching a platform

Facilitate

Pull

Match

Producers Consumers

Core Interactions

Platform Chicken-or-egg

dillema?

Page 16: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Platform development

Launch • Core

interactions

Growth • Expansion

of core interactions and services

Maturity • Full-blown

platform

Time

User base

Page 17: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Business models on the web

Brokerage Advertising Infomediary

Merchant Manufacturer Affiliate

Community Subscription Utility

Adapted from: Rappa, M. (2010). Business models on the web: Managing the digital enterprise. Retrieved July. 15, 2015, from http://digitalenterprise.org/models/models.html

Page 18: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Adapted from: Rappa, M. (2010). Business models on the web: Managing the digital enterprise. Retrieved July. 15, 2015, from http://digitalenterprise.org/models/models.html

Business models on the web

Page 19: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

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The value of farm (compliance) data

...

Recording (paper-based)

Analysing (paper-based)

Digitalisation

Automation

Decision-support (network)

Governance (network, AI)

Page 20: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

20

...

Recording (paper-based)

Analysing (paper-based)

Digitalisation

Automation

Decision-support (network)

Governance (network, AI)

Data as:

Records

Utility

Intelligence

Commodity

Governance

Currency

The value of farm (compliance) data

Page 21: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Value co-creation: value networks

Page 22: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Monetization: revenue of a platform

Charging a transaction fee (avoid/prevent

direct contact)

Charging for access

Charging for enhanced access

Charging for enhanced curation

Charging for other services

Page 23: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Monetization: revenue of a platform

Charging a transaction fee

(avoid/prevent direct contact)

Charging for access

Charging for enhanced access

Charging for enhanced curation

“Users first, monetization later”

Page 24: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Who pays?

Platform

Page 25: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Who pays?

Platform

Page 26: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Platform

Who pays?

Page 27: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Platform

Who benefits?

Page 28: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Platform

Pricing: cross subsidization

Page 29: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Take-home messages

A platform business model must be network-centric Enabling core-interactions

is the key to platform success Users first, monetization

later ● Value networks ● Cross subsidization

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Page 30: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Key references

Page 31: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Thank you for your attention

[email protected]

More information:

www.wur.nl/economic-research

www.farmdigital.nl

Page 32: Monetization in value networks - WUR · Monetization in value networks ... in economic, social, or other contexts’ What is a business model? Firm-centric . Network centric ‘The

Poll

For using compliance platforms farmers should • Pay • Be rewarded