MoneransMoneransOldest Life on Oldest Life on

EarthEarthMr. KempferMr. Kempfer

77thth Grade Science Grade Science

MoneransMonerans Single celledSingle celled No nucleusNo nucleus Most commonly known as Most commonly known as

BacteriaBacteria Appeared 3.5 billion years agoAppeared 3.5 billion years ago Most numerous organismMost numerous organism

– 2.5 billion bacteria in a gram of 2.5 billion bacteria in a gram of soilsoil

How are bacteria different from How are bacteria different from other cells?other cells?

Types of BacteriaTypes of Bacteria

Shapes of bacteriaShapes of bacteria– Coiled, ball, rod, Coiled, ball, rod,

candy-apple, blobscandy-apple, blobs

Can be any colorCan be any color– Red, yellow, blue, Red, yellow, blue,

purplepurple

Found in water, air, Found in water, air, soil and other soil and other organismsorganisms

                                                              

 

                   

 

Amazing BacteriaAmazing Bacteria

Some bacteria live in Some bacteria live in volcanoes, boiling water, volcanoes, boiling water, glaciers, acid pools and at glaciers, acid pools and at very high pH’s very high pH’s

Bacteria are simple but still Bacteria are simple but still perform all of the functions perform all of the functions necessary for life.necessary for life.

How would this be an How would this be an advantage on early Earth?advantage on early Earth?

Structure of BacteriaStructure of Bacteria Have a cell wallHave a cell wall

– Protects and gives shapeProtects and gives shape Cell MembraneCell Membrane

– Lets stuff in and outLets stuff in and out CytoplasmCytoplasm No nucleusNo nucleus

– Genetic material just floats in Genetic material just floats in the cytoplasmthe cytoplasm

What parts do bacteria share with What parts do bacteria share with other cells?other cells?

Movement of BacteriaMovement of Bacteria Most bacteria can’t move Most bacteria can’t move

on their own.on their own.– Moves by air, water or Moves by air, water or

hitches a ridehitches a ride Some have flagellumSome have flagellum

– Whip like tails that Whip like tails that propel them through a propel them through a liquid.liquid.

Why do bacteria need to Why do bacteria need to move?move?

             

Life Functions of BacteriaLife Functions of Bacteria Some need oxygen, Some need oxygen,

some don’tsome don’t Most are heterotrophsMost are heterotrophs Some are parasitesSome are parasites Some are decomposersSome are decomposers Some are autotrophsSome are autotrophs Some eat sulfur and ironSome eat sulfur and iron Why do you think Why do you think

bacteria are so diverse?bacteria are so diverse?

ReproductionReproduction Bacteria reproduce by Bacteria reproduce by

splitting into 2splitting into 2 Can double their numbers Can double their numbers

in 20 minutesin 20 minutes In 24 hours could weigh 2 In 24 hours could weigh 2

million kilograms!!!million kilograms!!!In 5 days would In 5 days would weigh more than weigh more than the Earth!!!the Earth!!!

?What keeps ?What keeps this from this from happening?happening?

Bacteria in ControlBacteria in Control Reproduction depends on Reproduction depends on

food supply.food supply. When there’s no food, When there’s no food,

bacteria form an endospore.bacteria form an endospore. This is like a suit of armor This is like a suit of armor

against the environmentagainst the environment Bacteria can survive Bacteria can survive

bleach, boiling, freezing bleach, boiling, freezing and radiation in an and radiation in an endosporeendospore

When would a bacteria When would a bacteria need an endospore?need an endospore?

Bacteria in NatureBacteria in Nature Bacteria are an essential Bacteria are an essential

part of the food and part of the food and energy relationships that energy relationships that link all life on Earth.link all life on Earth.

Decomposers, Decomposers, Producers, food for Producers, food for consumersconsumers

Oxygen producersOxygen producers

– Why is this important?Why is this important?

PioneersPioneers Bacteria are the first to Bacteria are the first to

move into a new area and move into a new area and populate it. populate it.

– Volcanic areasVolcanic areas

– Forest firesForest fires Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationships

– Help us digest foodHelp us digest food

– Give plants nitrogenGive plants nitrogen How does this help an How does this help an

ecosystem?ecosystem?

Bacteria and HumansBacteria and Humans Bacteria are used in the Bacteria are used in the

production of food, fuel, production of food, fuel, medicines and other medicines and other products.products.

Some, though, can spoil Some, though, can spoil food, cause diseases and food, cause diseases and poison water.poison water.

Name a bad bacteria.Name a bad bacteria.

Bacteria and FoodBacteria and Food Used to make cheese, yogurt, Used to make cheese, yogurt,

pickles, sour cream, soy pickles, sour cream, soy sauce, vinegar, high-fructose sauce, vinegar, high-fructose corn syrup (sugars)corn syrup (sugars)

Blue-green algae are 70% Blue-green algae are 70% protein…yum!protein…yum!

We heat food to kill bad We heat food to kill bad bacteriabacteria

What can bad bacteria do to What can bad bacteria do to food?food?

Bacteria as FuelBacteria as Fuel Certain bacteria can break Certain bacteria can break

down fruit rinds, dead down fruit rinds, dead plants, manure and plants, manure and sewage to make methane sewage to make methane gas (natural gas)gas (natural gas)

Dead bacteria and other Dead bacteria and other stuff became crude oil in stuff became crude oil in timetime

MedicineMedicine Bacteria is used to make Bacteria is used to make

anitbioticsanitbiotics– Chemicals that poison Chemicals that poison

other bad bacteriaother bad bacteria Bacteria can cause …Bacteria can cause …

– Strep throat, Strep throat, pneumonia, tetanus pneumonia, tetanus and Lyme disease.and Lyme disease.

Can antibiotics fight a Can antibiotics fight a virus?virus?

Bacteria and IndustryBacteria and Industry Used to tan leatherUsed to tan leather Extract copper, silver Extract copper, silver

and gold from rockand gold from rock Coloring food, Coloring food,

cosmetics, removing cosmetics, removing stains and changing stains and changing chemicals. chemicals.

Damages asphalt, water Damages asphalt, water and gas pipes and oil and gas pipes and oil drilling machinery.drilling machinery.

Up Next…Up Next…

ProtistsProtists