monday november 12, 2012
DESCRIPTION
Monday November 12, 2012. (WS - Building and Naming Ionic Compounds). Bell Ringer Monday, 11-12-12. Write the formulas for the chemical compounds that are formed when the following atoms bond:. sodium and chlorine. NaCl. MgBr 2. magnesium and bromine. CaO. calcium and oxygen. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MondayNovember 12, 2012
(WS - Building and Naming Ionic Compounds)
![Page 2: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bell RingerMonday, 11-12-12
Write the formulas for the chemical compounds that are formed when the
following atoms bond:sodium and chlorine
NaCl
magnesium and bromine
MgBr2
calcium and oxygen CaO
aluminum and sulfur Al2S3
![Page 3: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Announcements
![Page 4: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Assignment Currently Open
Summative or Formative? Date Issued Date Due Date Into
GradeSpeed Final Day
QUIZ 9 S6 10/26 10/26 11/16
QUIZ 10 S7 11/2 11/2 11/16
WS – Covalent Bonding F14 11/7 11/16 11/16
QUIZ 11 S1 11/9 11/9 11/30
![Page 5: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chemical Compound Formation and Naming
![Page 6: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A chemical formula indicates
the types of atoms and relative
number of each type of atom in a
chemical compound.
Chemical Formulas
![Page 7: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chemical FormulasFor an ionic compound, the chemical
formula reveals the ratio of ions of each element contained in the ionic matrix.
Al2O3In the ionic compound aluminum oxide, there are 2 ions of aluminum for every
three ions of oxygen in the ionic matrix.
![Page 8: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Monoatomic Ions•Ions are created when a neutral atom
loses or gains electrons in the process of becoming stable.
•The atom no longer has equal numbers of protons (+) and electrons (-).
•Monoatomic ions (meaning “one atom”) are ions formed from a single atom.
• H+ Ca2+ Cl- O2-
![Page 9: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Polyatomic Ions•Polyatomic ions (meaning
“more than one atom”) are ions formed from multiple atoms
bonded into a group.
• NH4+ Hg2
2+ OH- SO42-
• Notice that the number 1 is not shown.
![Page 10: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chemical FormulasFor an ionic compound made with one or more
polyatomic ions, the chemical formula still reveals the ratio of ions, whether they are monoatomic
ions or polyatomic ions.
Al2(SO4)3In the ionic compound aluminum sulfate, there are 2 ions of aluminum for every three ions of sulfate in the ionic matrix.
![Page 11: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cations and Anions• When atoms lose electrons, they now
have more protons (+) than electrons (-), and take on the + charge of the extra
protons. Positively charged ions are called “cations.”
•K+•NH4+
•Br-
•OH-
•When atoms gain electrons, they now have fewer protons (+) than electrons
(-), and take on the - charge of the extra electrons. Negatively charged
ions are called “anions.”
![Page 12: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Oxidation NumbersOxidation numbers (the
green numbers above the main-block groups on the larger Periodic Table on the right) indicate the
charge on that atom’s ion after it has lost or gained electrons in the process of
becoming stable.
Na+
Mg2+
Al3+
C4+/-
Mg2+
N3-
O2-
F-
![Page 13: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Oxidation NumbersOxidation numbers can be used to determine the ratio in which atoms
will bond to one another when forming chemical compounds.
This procedure is illustrated on the next slide.
![Page 14: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“Crossing” oxidation numbers is a method of balancing the charges
between ions in an ionic compound.
For example:If an aluminum ion is bonding
with an oxygen ion:Al3+ + O2-
Al2O3
Crossing Oxidation Numbers
Notice that you do not cross the + and – charge signs, only the numbers of the
charges.
![Page 15: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
It is also important to remember that the positively-charged cation is always listed first in the chemical formula, followed by the negatively-
charged anion.
Crossing Oxidation Numbers
Therefore: Na+Cl-Never: Cl-Na+
![Page 16: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Oxidation NumbersIn general, follow this system for determining an
elements oxidation number:
Group 1 = 1+ (+)Group 2 = 2+
Group 13 = 3+
Group 14 = 4+/-
Group 15 = 3-
Group 16 = 2-
Group 17 = 1- (-)Group 18 = 0
Since the d-block Transition Metals
(Groups 3-12) have variable
oxidation states, their oxidation
numbers will be listed as a Roman
numeral.Ex) Fe (III) = Fe3+
![Page 17: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Binary Ionic CompoundsBinary ionic compounds are
compounds composed of two different elements.
In a binary ionic compound, the total numbers of positive and negative
charges must be equal.
![Page 21: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ExampleMagnesium and bromine
combine to form magnesium bromide.
Mg2+ + Br- → MgBr2It takes 2 Br- anions, each with a 1- charge to balance Mg with
its 2+ charge!
Binary Ionic Compounds
![Page 22: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Naming Monoatomic IonsMonoatomic cations are identified simply by
the element’s
name.
![Page 23: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Naming Monoatomic IonsWhen
monoatomic anions are
bonded into compounds, their names are changed
to end in –ide
![Page 24: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Naming Polyatomic IonsThe names of
polyatomic ions are never
changed as they are
bonded into compounds.
ExampleNa + NO3 æ NaNO3
sodium + nitrate æ sodium nitrate
![Page 25: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Polyatomic Ions
Handout: Reference Sheet -
Polyatomic Ions
![Page 26: Monday November 12, 2012](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/56814b4a550346895db84745/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
WorksheetBuilding and Naming
Ionic Compounds
MgF2
NaCl GaI3
SrO
HNO3
AlI3
H2SO4