UNIT 6: INORGANIC NOMENCLATURE±1 Oxidation numbersHydrogenHidrógeno(H)

Name in EnglishName in Spanish(Symbol)Irregular root in Spanish, if it exists

+1 +2 +2, +3 +1, +2 +2, +4 +2, +3, +6 +2, +3, +4, +6, +7

LithiumLitio(Li)

SodiumSodio(Na)

PotassiumPotasio(K)

RubidiumRubidio(Rb)

CaesiumCesio(Cs)

FranciumFrancio(Fr)

SilverPlata(Ag)Argent-

BerylliumBerilio(Be)

MagnesiumMagnesio(Mg)

CalciumCalcio(Ca)

StrontiumEstroncio(Sr)

BariumBario(Ba)

RadiumRadio(Ra)

ZincCinc(Zn)

CadmiumCadmio(Cd)

IronHierro(Fe)Ferr-

CobaltCobalto(Co)

NickelNíquel(Ni)

CopperCobre(Cu)Cupr-

MercuryMercurio(Hg)

PalladiumPaladio(Pd)

PlatinumPlatino(Pt)

ChromiumCromo(Cr)

ManganeseManganeso(Mn)

+2, ±4

CarbonCarbono(C)

±4

SiliconSilicio(Si)

+2, +4

GermaniumGermanio(Ge)

TinEstaño(Sn)Estann-

LeadPlomo(Pb)Plumb-

+3, -3 +1, +3 +1, ±3, +5 +2, +4 -1, ±2 -1BoronBoro(B)

GoldOro(Au)Aur-

NitrogenNitrógeno(N)

PhosphorusFósforo(P)

NitrogenNitrógeno(N)[only in stoichiometric]

OxygenOxígeno(O)

FluorineFlúor(F)

+3 ±3, +5 ±2, +4, +6 ±1, +3, +5, +7AluminiumAluminio(Al)

GalliumGalio(Ga)

ArsenicArsénico(As)

AntimonyAntimonio(Sb)

SulphurAzufre(S)

SeleniumSelenio(Se)

TelluriumTeluro(Te)

ChlorineCloro(Cl)

BromineBromo(Br)

IodineYodo(I)

AstatineAstato(At)

+1, +3 +3, +5 +2, +4IndiumIndio(In)

ThalliumTalio(Tl)

BisumthBismuto(Bi)

PoloniumPolonio(Po)

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OXIDESMetal oxides

They are compounds formed by a metal and oxygen, in which the oxygen has an oxidation number of –2 and the metal has a positive oxidation number.How are they formed?

Oxidation numbers are switched and written as subscripts:Fe(3+) + O(-2) → Fe2O3

If we can, we simplify:Mg(2+) + O(-2) → Mg2O2 → MgO

How do we know the oxidation number of the metal if we have the formula? The addition of the oxidation number of the two elements must be 0.

FeO: x + (-2) = 0 → x=+2→ the oxidation number of Fe is +2.Na2O→ x∙2 + (-2)=0 → x=+1 → the oxidation number of Na is +1.

How are metal oxides named? There are three different nomenclatures: Stock´s nomenclature : it is formed by two words. The first word is the name of

the metal, followed immediately by its oxidation number between brackets and in Roman numerals. If the oxidation number of the metal is invariable, it is not indicated. The second word is the word “oxide”.

FeO: iron (II) oxide óxido de hierro (II)Fe2O3: iron (III) oxideóxido de hierro (III)Na2O: sodium oxide óxido de sodio MgO: magnesium oxide óxido de magnesio

Stoichiometric nomenclature : it is formed by two words. The first word is the name of the metal with a Greek prefix that shows us the number of atoms of the metal. The second word is the word "oxide" with a Greek prefix that shows us the number of atoms of oxygen. The Greek prefixes are:1. Mono- 2. Di- 3. Tri- 4. Tetra- 5. Penta-6. Hexa- 7. Hepta- Mono- is omitted in the metal.

Na2O: disodium monoxide monóxido de disodioMgO: magnesium monoxide monóxido de magnesioFeO: iron monoxide monóxido de hierroFe2O3: diiron trioxide trióxido de dihierro

Traditional nomenclature : it is formed by two words. The first word is the root of the metal with a suffix (and sometimes also a prefix) that shows us the oxidation number of the metal. The second word is the word "oxide". The prefixes and suffixes that we use are:

-If the metal has only one oxidation number: -ic; it can be omitted.-If the metal has two oxidations numbers: -ous for the smallest one and -ic for the biggest one.-If the metal has three oxidation numbers: hypo- -ous for the smallest one, -ous for the middle one and -ic for the biggest one.-If the metal has four oxidation numbers: hypo- -ous for the smallest one, -ous for the middle smallest one, -ic for the middle biggest one and per- -ic for the biggest one.For metals we are only going to study it in Spanish.

Na2O: - óxido sódico u óxido de sodioMgO: - óxido magnésico o de magnesioFeO: - óxido ferrosoFe2O3: - óxido férrico

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Non-metal oxidesThey are compounds formed by a non-metal and oxygen, in which the oxygen has an oxidation number of –2 and the non-metal has a positive oxidation number. They are named the same way as metal oxides.

Stock´s nomenclature Cl2O: chlorine (I) oxide óxido de cloro (I)Cl2O3: chlorine (III) oxide óxido de cloro (III)Cl2O5: chlorine (V) oxide óxido de cloro (V)Cl2O7: chlorine (VII) oxide óxido de cloro (VII)

Stoichiometric nomenclature Cl2O: dichlorine monoxide monóxido de dicloroCl2O3: dichlorine trioxide trióxido de dicloroCl2O5: dichlorine pentaoxide pentaóxido de dicloroCl2O7: dichlorine heptaoxide heptaóxido de dicloro

Traditional nomenclature Cl2O: hypochlorous oxide óxido hipoclorosoCl2O3: chlorous oxide óxido clorosoCl2O5: chloric oxide óxido clóricoCl2O7: perchloric oxide óxido perclórico

Exercises of metal and non metal oxides1. Write the name of the following metal and non metal oxides using all the nomenclatures we have studied:

Li2O CaO Ga2O3

Au2O BaO Mn2O3

Cu2O CuO Au2O3

Al2O3 SiO2 Rb2ORaO Hg2O HgOSO SO2 SO3

Br2O7 Br2O5 Br2O3

Br2O P2O3 P2O5

CO CO2 N2O3

N2O5 As2O3 As2O5

2. Write the formula of the following metal and non metal oxides:Zinc oxide Silver oxideNickel (II) oxide Chromium (III) oxideManganese (II) oxide Lead (II) oxideLead (IV) oxide Cadmium oxideNickel (III) oxide Diiodine monoxideDiantimony pentaoxide Diiodine pentaoxidePeriodic oxide Tellurium dioxideSelenium trioxide Cobaltous oxideCobaltic oxide Hypotellurous oxide

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PEROXIDESThey are formed by metals from groups 1, 2, 11 and 12 of the periodic table (which have a positive oxidation number) and ion O2

2-. In order to formulate them you can consider the ion O2

2- as a single atom with -2 as oxidation number. This way, peroxides follow the same rules as all the compounds you have studied so far (you switch the oxidation numbers and write them as subscripts and you simplify if it is necessary, but be careful, because ion O2

2- can´t be simplified). For example:K+ + O2

2- K2O2 Ba2+ + O22- Ba2(O2)2 BaO2

Stoichiometric nomenclature : you name them with the name of the metal followed by the word “oxide”. Both the name of the metal and the word “oxide” are preceded by numeral prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta...) which indicate their subscripts.

K2O2: potassium dioxide dióxido de dipotasioBaO2: barium dioxide dióxido de barioCu2O2: dicopper dioxide dióxido de dicobre

Stock nomenclature : they are named by the name of the metal followed by the word “peroxide”. Between the name of the metal and the word “peroxide” you have to write the oxidation number of the metal in brackets and in Roman numerals (it is omitted if it is unique).

K2O2: potassium peroxide peróxido de potasioBaO2: barium peroxide peróxido de barioCu2O2: copper (I) peroxide peróxido de cobre (I)

Traditional nomenclature : you name them with the root of the metal which has suffixes (and sometimes also prefixes) which indicate its oxidation number followed by the word “peroxide”. The prefixes and suffixes that you use are the same ones you have been using in traditional nomenclature for other compounds.

K2O2: - peróxido potásico o peróxido de potasioBaO2: - peróxido bárico o peróxido de barioCu2O2: - peróxido cuprosoA well known peroxide is hydrogen peroxide: H2O2 (agua oxigenada o peróxido de hidrógeno).3. Write the formula of the following compounds:a) calcium peroxide b) lithium peroxide c) copper (II) peroxided) copper (I) peroxide e) cadmium peroxide f) dimercury dioxide4. Name the following compounds using the three nomenclatures we have studied:a) Na2O2 b) MgO2 c) ZnO2 d) Rb2O2 e) SrO2f) Cs2O2

COMPOUNDS WITH HYDROGEN

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Metal hydridesMetal hydrides are compounds formed by a metal with a positive oxidation number and hydrogen with an oxidation number of –1.How are they named?

Stock nomenclature : we write the name of the metal followed by its oxidation number in brackets and in Roman numerals -it is omitted if it is unique-. Then, we write the word “hydride”.

FeH3: iron (III) hydride hidruro de hierro (III)FeH2: iron (II) hydride hidruro de hierro (II)LiH: lithium hydride hidruro de litio

Stoichiometric nomenclature : we write the name of the metal and the word hydride, each word preceded by a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-...) which indicates the subscript in the formula.

FeH3: iron trihydride trihidruro de hierroFeH2: iron dihydride dihidruro de hierroLiH: lithium monohydride monohidruro de litio

Traditional nomenclature : you name them with the root of the metal using suffixes (and sometimes also prefixes) which indicate its oxidation number (the same ones as in oxides).

FeH3: - hidruro férricoFeH2: - hidruro ferrosoLiH: - hidruro lítico o hidruro de litio

Non metal hydridesThey are formed and named the same way as metal hydrides.NH3: nitrogen (III) hydride or nitrogen trihydridehidruro de nitrógeno (III) o trihidruro de nitrógenoBut, oh, wait, no one uses these names.These are the common names for these compounds:BH3 Borane Borano

NH3 Ammonia Amoniaco

PH3 Phosphine Fosfina

AsH3 Arsine Arsina

SbH3 Stibine Estibina

CH4 Methane Metano

SiH4 Silane SilanoLEARN THIS TABLE BY HEART

Hydrogen + non metal (F, Cl, Br, I, S, Se, Te)

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In this case the hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 and the non metal has a negative oxidation number. The non metals are F, Cl, Br and I (oxidation number=-1) and S, Se and Te (oxidation number=-2)They are identified by the word “hydrogen” followed by the root of the non metal ending in -ide.

HF: hydrogen fluoride fluoruro de hidrógenoHCl: hydrogen chloride cloruro de hidrógenoHBr: hydrogen bromide bromuro de hidrógenoHI: hydrogen iodide yoduro de hidrógenoH2S: hydrogen sulphide sulfuro de hidrógenoH2Se: hydrogen selenide seleniuro de hidrógenoH2Te: hydrogen telluride telururo de hidrógeno

When they are in an aqueous solution they are named in a different way:HF (aq): hydrofluoric acid ácido fluorhídricoHCl (aq): hydrochloric acid ácido clorhídricoHBr (aq): hydrobromic acid ácido bromhídricoHI (aq): hydroiodic acid ácido yodhídricoH2S (aq): hydrosulphuric acid ácido sulfhídricoH2Se (aq): hydroselenic acid ácido selenhídricoH2Te (aq): hydrotelluric acid ácido telurhídrico

As you can see, their names are given following this structure:hydro + root of the non metal + -ic + acid

Exercises5. Write the formula of the following compounds:

a) Beryllium hydride b) Nickel (III) hydridec) Zinc hydride d) Phosphinee) Sodium hydride f) Hydrofluoric acidg) Hydrogen fluoride h) Calcium dihydridei) Gold (III) hydride j) Cobalt (II) hydridek) Strontium hydride l) Aluminium hydridem) Tin (II) hydride n) Lead (II) hydrideo) Lead (IV) hydride

6. Name the following compounds in all the nomenclatures we have studied:a) HCl b) HCl (aq) c) MgH2 d) AlH3

e) CuH f) CuH2 g) H2Se h) AuHi) BaH2 j) FrH k) AgH l) SnH4

m) NH3 n) HF o) H2Te

METAL-NON METAL COMPOUNDS

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Metal-non metal compounds (the non metal being neither O nor H)They are formed by a metal, with a positive oxidation number, and a non-metal, with a negative oxidation number.There are two rules for writing the formula of these compounds correctly:

Oxidation numbers are switched and written as subscripts.Fe(3+) + S(2-) → Fe2S3

We simplify the subscripts if we can.Fe(2+) + S(2-) → Fe2S2 → FeSNotice that non-metals usually have several oxidation numbers but only one of these oxidation numbers is negative. Therefore, in these compounds non-metals act only with one oxidation number:

F, Cl, Br, I: -1 S, Se, Te: -2 N, P, As, Sb: -3How do we name them?

Stock nomenclature : we write the name of the metal followed by its oxidation number, in brackets and in Roman numerals -it is omitted if the oxidation number is unique-. Then, we write the root of the non-metal ending in -ide.

Fe2S3: Iron (III) sulphide Sulfuro de hierro (III)FeS: Iron (II) sulphide Sulfuro de hierro (II)

Stoichiometric nomenclature : we write the name of the metal with a prefix that indicates its subscript. Then, we write the root of the non metal ending in -ide, also with a prefix that indicates its subscript.

Fe2S3: Diiron trisulphide Trisulfuro de dihierroFeS: Iron monosulphide Monosulfuro de hierro

Traditional nomenclature : we write the root of the metal with a suffix (sometimes we need also a prefix) that indicates its oxidation number. Then, we write the root of the non metal ending in -ide. The prefixes and suffixes that we use are the same as in the other compounds we have studied.

Fe2S3: - Sulfuro férricoFeS: - Sulfuro ferroso

Non metal-non metal compounds (the two non metals being neither O nor H)They are formed by a non metal with a positive oxidation number and a non metal with a negative oxidation number. The non metal with the positive oxidation number is written first.They are formed and named the same way metal-non metal compounds are formed and named.

Stoichiometric Stock TraditionalPCl3 Phosforus trichloride

Tricloruro de fósforoPhosphorus (III) chlorideCloruro de fósforo (III)

Phosphorous chlorideCloruro fosforoso

AsBr5 Arsenic pentabromidePentabromuro de arsénico

Arsenic (V) bromideBromuro de arsénico (V)

Arsenic bromideBromuro arsénico

Exercises

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7. Name these compounds using all the nomenclatures we have studied:a) FeI2 b) CoI3 c) NaF d) CaF2 e) Au2S3 f) AlCl3

g) CBr4 h) IF7 i) MnP j) BI3 k) AsF5 l) SbBr3

m) CuI2 n) CuI o) HgS p) Hg2S q) HgCl2 r) HgCl

8. Write the formula of these compounds:a) Gold (III) chloride b) Gold (I) bromide c) Tin (II) fluorided) Bromine pentafluoride e) Trisilicon tetranitride f) Sulphur hexafluorideg) Silver sulphide h) Barium chloride i) Chromium (III) selenidej) Sulphurous fluoride k) Radium telluride l) Carbon tetrachloridem) Magnesium bromide n) Copper (I) telluride o) Copper (II) telluridep) Chloric nitride q) Hyposulphurous fluoride r) Sulphuric chloride

Hydroxides

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They are formed by a metal with a positive oxidation number and the group OH-. To formulate them, you can consider that the group OH- is only one element with the oxidation number -1. This way, you just switch the oxidation numbers and write them as subscripts.The way to name them follows the same rules as in other compounds you have already studied:Compound Stock Stoichiometric TraditionalNa+ + OH- → NaOH Sodium hydroxide

Hidróxido de sodioSodium monohydroxideMonohidróxido de sodio

-Hidróxido sódico oHidróxido de sodio

Ca2+ + OH- → Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxideHidróxido de calcio

Calcium dihydroxideDihidróxido de calcio

-Hidróxido cálcico oHidróxido de calcio

Cu+ + OH- → CuOH Copper (I) hydroxideHidróxido de cobre (I)

Copper monohydroxideMonohidróxido de cobre

-Hidróxido cuproso

Cu2+ + OH- → Cu(OH)2 Copper (II) hydroxideHidróxido de cobre (II)

Copper dihydroxideDihidróxido de cobre

-Hidróxido cúprico

Exercises9. Name the following compounds using all the nomenclatures we have studied:

a) Fe(OH)3 b) Fe(OH)2

c) Co(OH)3 d) Co(OH)2

e) Ni(OH)3 f) Ni(OH)2

g) Be(OH)2 h) LiOHi) Sn(OH)2 j) Sn(OH)4

k) Pt(OH)2 l) Pt(OH)4

10. Write the formula of the following compounds:a) Aluminium trihydroxide b) Gold trihydroxidec) Gold monohydroxide d) Lead dihydroxidee) Lead tetrahydroxide f) Manganese (II) hydroxideg) Manganese (III) hydroxide h) Beryllium hydroxidei) Silver hydroxide j) Zinc hydroxidek) Francium hydroxide l) Potassium hydroxide

OXYACIDS

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These are compounds with the following general formula:HaXbOc

where X is a non metal with a positive oxidation number. X can also be a transition

metal with a high oxidation number, such as Cr(+6), Mn (+4), Mn(+6) or Mn(+7).

H has an oxidation number of +1. O has an oxidation number of -2.

How do we know the oxidation number of X?To know the oxidation number of X, remember that the addition of all the oxidation numbers must be 0. For example:H2SO4: (+1)∙2 + x + (-2)∙4=0 → x=+6 → S has an oxidation number of +6How are they formed?They are obtained by adding one molecule of water to an oxide. For example, if we want to form the oxyacid of S in which it has an oxidation number of +6 we follow the following steps:

We form the oxide.S2O6 → SO3 (sulphuric oxide)

We add a molecule of water (the molecule we obtain is simplified if necessary).SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 (sulphuric acid)Let´s see another example. Let´s form the oxyacid of Cl in which this element has an oxidation number of +3:

We form the oxide: Cl2O3 (chlorous oxide) We add one molecule of water and in this case we will need to simplify:

Cl2O3 + H2O → H2Cl2O4 → HClO2 (chlorous acid)How are they named?

Root of X with suffixes and prefixes which indicate its oxidation number + “acid”The suffixes and prefixes used are:

1. If X has 1 oxidation number: -ic

2. If X has 2 oxidation numbers: -ous for the smallest one-ic for the biggest one

3. If X has 3 oxidation numbers:hypo- -ous for the smallest one-ous for the middle one-ic for the biggest one

4. If X has 4 oxidation numbers:hypo- -ous for the smallest one-ous for the middle smallest one-ic for the middle biggest oneper- -ic for the biggest one

Let´s see some examples: S has +2, +4 and +6 as oxidation numbers.

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In H2SO4, S has an oxidation number of +6 (the biggest one), so H2SO4 is sulphuric acid (ácido sulfúrico).

Cl has +1, +3, +5 and +7 as oxidation numbers.In HClO2, Cl has an oxidation number of +3 (the middle smallest one), so HClO2 is chlorous acid (ácido cloroso).

In HBrO4, Br has an oxidation number of +7 (Br has 4 oxidation numbers and +7 is the biggest one), so HBrO4 is perbromic acid (ácido perbrómico).

In HIO, I has an oxidation number of +1 (I has 4 oxidation numbers and +1 is the smallest one), so HIO is hypoiodous acid (ácido hipoyodoso).

Exercises11. Write the formula of the following oxyacids:a) perchloric acid b) sulphurous acid c) nitric acid d) nitrous acide) carbonic acid f) chloric acid g) tellurous acid h) selenic acidi) hypotellurous acid12. Write the name of the following oxyacids:a) HBrO b) H2SeO3 c) HIO4 d) H2SO2 e) H2TeO4 f) HBrO3

g) HNO i) HClONotice that all the oxyacids that can be formed have the following formulas:Oxidation Number of X Oxyacid Oxidation number of X Oxyacid

1→ HXO - -

3→ HXO2 2→ H2XO2

5→ HXO3 4→ H2XO3

7→ HXO4 6→ H2XO4

OXYSALTS

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They are formed from an oxyacid, replacing the H by a metal. They are named with the following changes in the suffixes:

-ic is transformed to -ate -ous is transformed to -ite

H2SO4=sulphuric acid (ácido sulfúrico) (oxyacid)→→ after losing 2H+: SO4

2- (anion sulphate)→Na2SO4=sodium sulphate (sulfato de sodio o sulfato sódico) (oxysalt)→CaSO4=calcium sulphate (sulfato de calcio o sulfato cálcico) (oxysalt)→FeSO4=Iron (II) sulphate (sulfato de hierro (II) o sulfato ferroso) (oxysalt)→Fe2(SO4)3=Iron (III) sulphate (sulfato de hierro (III) o sulfato férrico) (oxysalt)

HNO=hyponitrous acid (ácido hiponitroso) (oxyacid)→→ after losing H+:NO- (anion hyponitrite)

→NaNO=sodium hyponitrite (hiponitrito de sodio o hiponitrito sódico) (oxysalt)→Ca(NO)2=calcium hyponitrite (hiponitrito de calcio o hiponitrito cálcico) (oxysalt)Fe(NO)2=iron (II) hyponitrite (hiponitrito de hierro (II) o hiponitrito ferroso) (oxysalt)Fe(NO)3=iron (III) hyponitrite (hiponitrito de hierro (III) o hiponitrito férrico) (oxysalt)

Exercises13. Name the following oxysalts:a) KIO4 b) Na2SO3 c) CaCO3

d) ZnSeO4 e) Al(ClO3)3 f) KBrO4

g) AgNO3 h) Al2(SO4)3 i) NiSO2

j) LiNO3 k) Ca(IO4)2 l) MgSeO3

14. Write the formula of the following oxysalts:a) Calcium perbromate b) Copper (II) nitrate c) Copper (I) sulphited) Nickel (II) bromite e) Nickel (III) iodite f) Beryllium hypochloriteg) Potassium carbonate h) Silver sulphate i) Silver sulphitej) Silver hyposulphite k) Cobalt (II) selenate l) Cobalt (III) selenate

Oxyacids: special casesOrtho- oxyacids

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When you name the oxyacids of P, As and Sb, you have to add 3 molecules of H2O to the oxide, not one. For example, to formulate phosphoric acid (ácido fosfórico):

P has three oxidation numbers, +1, +3 and +5. As the ending of “phosphoric” is -ic, it has +5 as its oxidation number.

You formulate the oxide: P2O5 (phosphoric oxide) You add 3 molecules of water: P2O5 + 3H2O → H6P2O8

In this case, simplifying is necessary: H6P2O8 → H3PO4.If you want to name the oxyacids of P, As and Sb in which you add only one molecule of H2O, you have to write the prefix meta-. For example:P2O5 + H2O → H2P2O6 → HPO3 metaphosphoric acid (ácido metafosfórico)In other elements (those which are not P, As and Sb), if you want to name the oxyacids in which you have added 3 molecules of H2O to the oxide, you have to write the prefix ortho-. For example, orthosulfuric acid is SO3 + 3H2O → H6SO6.

Di- oxyacidsIf you want to formulate a di- oxyacid, you multiply the oxyacid by 2 and substract 1 molecule of H2O. For example, disulphuric acid is:→ H2SO4 (sulphuric acid)→ (x2) → H4S2O8 → (-H2O) → H2S2O7

Special oxidation numbers Cr can form oxyacids using +6 as an oxidation number:

CrO3 + H2O → H2CrO4 chromic acid (ácido crómico) Mn uses only +4, +6 and +7 when it forms oxyacids, but the order of the

prefixes and suffixes change:MnO2 + H2O → H2MnO3 manganous acid (ácido manganoso)MnO3 + H2O → H2MnO4 manganic acid (ácido mangánico)Mn2O7 + H2O → H2Mn2O8 → HMnO4 permanganic acid (ácido permangánico)15. Write the formulas for the following oxyacids and oxysalts:

a) Ditellurous acidb) Antimonic acidc) Arsenious acidd) Sodium dichromatee) Calcium phosphate

16. Write the names of the following oxyacids:a) H4P2O7

b) H3PO3

c) HAsO3

d) H3AsO4

e) H2CrO4

f) KMnO4

ANSWERS1. Write the name of the following metal and non metal oxides using all the nomenclatures we have studied:

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Li2OStock: lithium oxide óxido de litioTraditional: - óxido lítico u óxido de litioStoichiometric: dilithium monoxide monóxido de dilitio

CaOStock: calcium oxide óxido de calcioTraditional: - óxido cálcico u óxido de calcioStoichiometric: calcium monoxide monóxido de calcio

Ga2O3

Stock: gallium oxide óxido de galioTraditional: - óxido gálico u óxido de galioStoichiometric: digallium trioxide trióxido de digalio

Au2OStock: gold (I) oxide óxido de oro (I)Traditional: - óxido aurosoStoichiometric: digold monoxide monóxido de dioro

BaOStock: barium oxide óxido de barioTraditional: - óxido bárico u óxido de barioStoichiometric: barium monoxide monóxido de bario

Mn2O3

Stock: manganese (III) oxide óxido de manganeso (III)Traditional: - -Stoichiometric: dimanganese trioxide trióxido de dimanganeso

Cu2OStock: copper (I) oxide óxido de cobre (I)Traditional: - óxido cuprosoStoichiometric: dicopper monoxide monóxido de dicobre

CuOStock: copper (II) oxide óxido de cobre (II)Traditional: - óxido cúpricoStoichiometric: copper monoxide monóxido de cobre

Au2O3

Stock: gold (III) oxide óxido de oro (III)Traditional: - óxido áuricoStoichiometric: digold trioxide trióxido de dioro

Al2O3

Stock: aluminium oxide óxido de aluminioTraditional: - óxido alumínico u óxido de aluminioStoichiometric: dialuminium trioxide trióxido de dialuminio

SiO2

Stock: silicon oxide óxido de silicio

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Traditional: - óxido silícico u óxido de silicioStoichiometric: silicon dioxide dióxido de silicio

Rb2OStock: rubidium oxide óxido de rubidioTraditional: - óxido rubídico u óxido de rubidioStoichiometric: dirubidium monoxide monóxido de dirrubidio

RaOStock: radium oxide óxido de radioTraditional: - óxido rádico u óxido de radioStoichiometric: radium monoxide monóxido de radio

Hg2OStock: mercury (I) oxide óxido de mercurio (I)Traditional: - óxido mercuriosoStoichiometric: dimercury monoxide monóxido de dimercurio

HgOStock: mercury (II) oxide óxido de mercurio (II)Traditional: - óxido mercúricoStoichiometric: mercury monoxide monóxido de mercurio

SOStock: sulphur (II) oxide óxido de azufre (II)Traditional: hyposulphurous oxide óxido hiposulfurosoStoichiometric: sulphur monoxide monóxido de azufre

SO2

Stock: sulphur (IV) oxide óxido de azufre (IV)Traditional: sulphurous oxide óxido sulfurosoStoichiometric: sulphur dioxide dióxido de azufre

SO3

Stock: sulphur (VI) oxide óxido de azufre (VI)Traditional: sulphuric oxide óxido sulfúricoStoichiometric: sulphur trioxide trióxido de azufre

Br2O7

Stock: bromine (VII) oxide óxido de bromo (VII)Traditional: perbromic oxide óxido perbrómicoStoichiometric: dibromine heptaoxide heptaóxido de dibromo

Br2O5

Stock: bromine (V) oxide óxido de bromo (V)Traditional: bromic oxide óxido brómicoStoichiometric: dibromine pentaoxide pentaóxido de dibromo

Br2O3

Stock: bromine (III) oxide óxido de bromo (III)

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Traditional: bromous oxide óxido bromosoStoichiometric: dibromine trioxide trióxido de dibromo

Br2OStock: bromine (I) oxide óxido de bromo (I)Traditional: hypobromous oxide óxido hipobromosoStoichiometric: dibromine monoxide monóxido de dibromo

P2O3

Stock: phosphorus (III) oxide óxido de fósforo (III)Traditional: phosphorous oxide óxido fosforosoStoichiometric: diphosphorus trioxide trióxido de difósforo

P2O5

Stock: phosphorus (V) oxide óxido de fósforo (V)Traditional: phosphoric oxide óxido fosfóricoStoichiometric: diphosphorus pentaoxide pentaóxido de difósforo

COStock: carbon (II) oxide óxido de carbono (II)Traditional: carbonous oxide óxido carbonosoStoichiometric: carbon monoxide monóxido de carbono

CO2

Stock: carbon (IV) oxide óxido de carbono (IV)Traditional: carbonic oxide óxido carbónicoStoichiometric: carbon dioxide dióxido de carbono

N2O3

Stock: nitrogen (III) oxide óxido de nitrógeno (III)Traditional: nitrous oxide óxido nitrosoStoichiometric: dinitrogen trioxide trióxido de dinitrógeno

N2O5

Stock: nitrogen (V) oxide óxido de nitrógeno (V)Traditional: nitric oxide óxido nítricoStoichiometric: dinitrogen pentaoxide pentaóxido de dinitrógeno

As2O3

Stock: arsenic (III) oxide óxido de arsénico (III)Traditional: arsenous oxide óxido arseniosoStoichiometric: diarsenic trioxide trióxido de diarsénico

As2O5

Stock: arsenic (V) oxide óxido de arsénico (V)Traditional: arsenic oxide óxido arsénicoStoichiometric: diarsenic pentaoxide pentaóxido de diarsénico2. Write the formula of the following metal and non metal oxides:

Zinc oxide Silver oxideZnO Ag2O

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Nickel (II) oxide Chromium (III) oxideNiO Cr2O3

Manganese (II) oxide Lead (II) oxideMnO PbO

Lead (IV) oxide Cadmium oxidePbO2 CdO

Nickel (III) oxide Diiodine monoxideNi2O3 I2O

Diantimony pentaoxide Diiodine pentaoxideSb2O5 I2O5

Periodic oxide Tellurium dioxideI2O7 TeO2

Selenium trioxide Cobaltous oxideSeO3 CoO

Cobaltic oxide Hypotellurous oxideCo2O3 TeO

3. Write the formula of the following compounds:a) calcium peroxide CaO2 b) lithium peroxide Li2O2

c) copper (II) peroxide CuO2 d) copper (I) peroxide Cu2O2

e) cadmium peroxide CdO2 f) dimercury dioxide Hg2O2

4. Name the following compounds using the three nomenclatures we have studied:a) Na2O2

Stock: sodium peroxide peróxido de sodioTraditional: - peróxido sódico o peróxido de sodioStoichiometric: dióxido de disodio disodium dioxide

b) MgO2

Stock: magnesium peroxide peróxido de magnesioTraditional: - peróxido magnésico o peróxido de magnesioStoichiometric: magnesium dioxide dióxido de magnesio

c) ZnO2

Stock: zinc peroxide peróxido de cincTraditional: - peróxido de cincStoichiometric: zinc dioxide dióxido de cinc

d) Rb2O2

Stock: rubidium peroxide peróxido de rubidioTraditional: - peróxido rubídico o peróxido de rubidioStoichiometric: dirubidium dioxide dióxido de dirubidio

e) SrO2

Stock: strontium peroxide peróxido de estroncioTraditional: - peróxido estróncico o peróxido de estroncioStoichiometric: strontium dioxide dióxido de estroncio

f) Cs2O2

Stock: caesium peroxide peróxido de cesioTraditional: - peróxido césico o peróxido de cesioStoichiometric: dicaesium dioxide dióxido de dicesio

5. Write the formula of the following compounds:a) Beryllium hydride b) Nickel (III) hydride

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BeH2 NiH3

c) Zinc hydride d) PhosphineZnH2 PH3

e) Sodium hydride f) Hydrofluoric acidNaH HF (aq)g) Hydrogen fluoride h) Calcium dihydrideHF CaH2

i) Gold (III) hydride j) Cobalt (II) hydrideAuH3 CoH2

k) Strontium hydride l) Aluminium hydrideSrH2 AlH3

m) Tin (II) hydride n) Lead (II) hydrideSnH2 PbH4 o) Lead (IV) hydridePbH2

6. Name the following compounds in all the nomenclatures we have studied:a) HCl

hydrogen chloride cloruro de hidrógenob) HCl (aq)

hydrochloric acid ácido clorhídricoc) MgH2

Stock: magnesium hydride hidruro de magnesioTraditional: - hidruro magnésico o hidruro de magnesioStoichiometric: magnesium dihydride dihidruro de magnesio

d) AlH3

Stock: aluminium hydride hidruro de aluminioTraditional: - hidruro alumínico o hidruro de aluminioStoichiometric: aluminium trihydride trihidruro de aluminio

e) CuHStock: copper (I) hydride hidruro de cobre (I)Traditional: - hidruro cuprosoStoichiometric: copper monohydride monohidruro de cobre

f) CuH2

Stock: copper (II) hydride hidruro de cobre (II)Traditional: - hidruro cúpricoStoichiometric: copper dihydride dihidruro de cobre

g) H2Sehydrogen selenide seleniuro de hidrógeno

h) AuHStock: gold (I) hydride hidruro de oro (I)Traditional: - hidruro aurosoStoichiometric: gold monohydride monohidruro de oro

i) BaH2

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Stock: barium hydride hidruro de barioTraditional: - hidruro bárico o hidruro de barioStoichiometric: barium dihydride dihidruro de bario

j) FrHStock: francium hydride hidruro de francioTraditional: - hidruro fráncico o hidruro de francioStoichiometric: francium monohydride monohidruro de francio

k) AgHStock: silver hydride hidruro de plataTraditional: - hidruro argéntico o hidruro de plataStoichiometric: silver monohydride monohidruro de plata

l) SnH4

Stock: tin (IV) hydride hidruro de estaño (IV)Traditional: - hidruro estánnicoStoichiometric: tin tetrahydride tetrahidruro de estaño

m) NH3

ammonia amoniacon) HF

hydrogen fluoride fluoruro de hidrógenoo) H2Te

hydrogen telluride telururo de hidrógeno7. Name these compounds using all the nomenclatures we have studied:

a) FeI2

Stock: Iron (II) iodide Yoduro de hierro (II)Traditional: - Yoduro ferrosoStoichiometric: Iron diiodide Diyoduro de hierro

b) CoI3

Stock: Cobalt (III) iodide Yoduro de cobalto (III)Traditional: - Yoduro cobálticoStoichiometric: Cobalt triiodide Triyoduro de cobalto

c) NaFStock: Sodium fluoride Fluoruro de sodioTraditional: - Fluoruro sódico o fluoruro de sodioStoichiometric: Sodium monofluoride Monofluoruro de sodio

d) CaF2

Stock: Calcium fluoride Fluoruro de calcioTraditional: - Fluoruro cálcico o fluoruro de calcioStoichiometric: Calcium difluoride Difluoruro de calcio

e) Au2S3

Stock: Gold (III) sulphide Sulfuro de oro (III)Traditional: - Sulfuro áurico

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Stoichiometric: Digold trisulphide Trisulfuro de diorof) AlCl3

Stock: Aluminium chloride Cloruro de aluminioTraditional: - Cloruro alumínico o cloruro de aluminioStoichiometric: Aluminium trichloride Tricloruro de aluminio

g) CBr4

Stock: Carbon (IV) bromide Bromuro de carbono (IV)Traditional: Carbonic bromide Bromuro carbónicoStoichiometric: Carbon tetrabromide Tetrabromuro de carbono

h) IF7

Stock: Iodine (VII) fluoride Fluoruro de yodo (VII)Traditional: Periodic fluoride Fluoruro peryódicoStoichiometric: Iodine heptafluoride Heptafluoruro de yodo

i) MnPStock: Manganese (III) phosphide Fosfuro de manganeso (III)Traditional: - -Stoichiometric: Manganese monophosphide Monofosfuro de manganeso

j) BI3

Stock: Boron iodide Yoduro de boroTraditional: - Yoduro bórico o yoduro de boroStoichiometric: Boron triiodide Triyoduro de boro

k) AsF5

Stock: Arsenic (V) fluoride Fluoruro de arsénico (V)Traditional: Arsenic fluoride Fluoruro arsénicoStoichiometric: Arsenic pentafluoride Pentafluoruro de arsénico

l) SbBr3

Stock: Antimony (III) bromide Bromuro de antimonio (III)Traditional: Antimonyous bromide Bromuro antimoniosoStoichiometric: Antimony tribromide Tribromuro de antimonio

m) CuI2

Stock: Copper (II) iodide Yoduro de cobre (II)Traditional: - Yoduro cúpricoStoichiometric: Copper diiodide Diyoduro de cobre

n) CuIStock: Copper (I) iodide Yoduro de cobre (I)Traditional: - Yoduro cuprosoStoichiometric: Copper monoiodide Monoyoduro de cobre

o) HgSStock: Mercury (II) sulphide Sulfuro de mercurio (II)Traditional: - Sulfuro mercúricoStoichiometric: Mercury monosulphide Monosulfuro de mercurio

p) Hg2SStock: Mercury (I) sulphide Sulfuro de mercurio (I)Traditional: - Sulfuro mercurioso

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Stoichiometric: Dimercury monosulphide Monosulfuro de dimercurioq) HgCl2

Stock: Mercury (II) chloride Cloruro de mercurio (II)Traditional: - Cloruro mercúricoStoichiometric: Mercury dichloride Dicloruro de mercurio

r) HgClStock: Mercury (I) chloride Cloruro de mercurio (I)Traditional: - Cloruro mercuriosoStoichiometric: Mercury monochloride Monocloruro de mercurio8. Write the formula of these compounds:a) Gold (III) chloride AuCl3 b) Gold (I) bromide AuBrc) Tin (II) fluoride SnF2 d) Bromine pentafluoride BrF5

e) Trisilicon tetranitride Si3N4 f) Sulphur hexafluoride SF6

g) Silver sulphide Ag2S h) Barium chloride BaCl2

i) Chromium (III) selenide Cr2Se3 j) Sulphurous fluoride SF4

k) Radium telluride RaTe l) Carbon tetrachloride CCl4

m) Magnesium bromide MgBr2 n) Copper (I) telluride Cu2Teo) Copper (II) telluride CuTe p) Chloric nitride Cl3N5

q) Hyposulphurous fluoride SF2 r) Sulphuric chloride SCl6

9. Name the following compounds using all the nomenclatures we have studied:a) Fe(OH)3

Stock: iron (III) hydroxide hidróxido de hierro (III)Traditional: - hidróxido férricoStoichiometric: iron trihydroxide trihidróxido de hierro

b) Fe(OH)2

Stock: iron (II) hydroxide hidróxido de hierro (II)Traditional: - hidróxido ferrosoStoichiometric: iron dihydroxide dihidróxido de hierro

c) Co(OH)3

Stock: cobalt (III) hydroxide hidróxido de cobalto (III)Traditional: - hidróxido cobálticoStoichiometric: cobalt trihydroxide trihidróxido de cobalto

d) Co(OH)2

Stock: cobalt (II) hydroxide hidróxido de cobalto (II)Traditional: - hidróxido cobaltosoStoichiometric: cobalt dihydroxide dihidróxido de cobalto

e) Ni(OH)3

Stock: nickel (III) hydroxide hidróxido de níquel (III)Traditional: - hidróxido niquélicoStoichiometric: nickel trihydroxide trihidróxido de níquel

f) Ni(OH)2

Stock: nickel (II) hydroxide hidróxido de níquel (II)Traditional: - hidróxido niqueloso

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Stoichiometric: nickel dihydroxide dihidróxido de níquelg) Be(OH)2

Stock: beryllium hydroxide hidróxido de berilioTraditional: - hidróxido berílico o hidróxido de berilioStoichiometric: beryllium dihydroxide dihidróxido de berilio

h) LiOHStock: lithium hydroxide hidróxido de litioTraditional: - hidróxido lítico o hidróxido de litioStoichiometric: lithium monohydroxide monohidróxido de litio

i) Sn(OH)2

Stock: tin (II) hydroxide hidróxido de estaño (II)Traditional: - hidróxido estannosoStoichiometric: tin dihydroxide dihidróxido de estaño

j) Sn(OH)4

Stock: tin (IV) hydroxide hidróxido de estaño (IV)Traditional: - hidróxido estánnicoStoichiometric: tin tetrahydroxide tetrahidróxido de estaño

k) Pt(OH)2

Stock: platinum (II) hydroxide hidróxido de platino (II)Traditional: - hidróxido platinosoStoichiometric: platinum dihydroxide dihidróxido de platino

l) Pt(OH)4

Stock: platinum (IV) hydroxide hidróxido de platino (IV)Traditional: - hidróxido platínicoStoichiometric: platinum tetrahydroxide tetrahidróxido de platino

10. Write the formula of the following compounds:a) Aluminium trihydroxide Al(OH)3 b) Gold trihydroxide Au(OH)3

c) Gold monohydroxide AuOH d) Lead dihydroxide Pb(OH)2

e) Lead tetrahydroxide Pb(OH)4 f) Manganese (II) hydroxide Mn(OH)2

g) Manganese (III) hydroxide Mn(OH)3

h) Beryllium hydroxide Be(OH)2 i) Silver hydroxide AgOHj) Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 k) Francium hydroxide FrOHl) Potassium hydroxide KOH11. Write the formula of the following oxyacids:a) perchloric acid HClO4 b) sulphurous acid H2SO3

c) nitric acid HNO3 d) nitrous acid HNO2

e) carbonic acid H2CO3 f) chloric acid HClO3

g) tellurous acid H2TeO3 h) selenic acid H2SeO4

i) hypotellurous acid H2TeO2

12. Write the name of the following oxyacids:a) HBrO hypobromous acid ácido hipobromosob) H2SeO3 selenious acid ácido seleniosoc) HIO4 periodic acid ácido peryódicod) H2SO2 hyposulphurous acid ácido hiposulfuroso

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e) H2TeO4 telluric acid ácido telúricof) HBrO3 bromic acid ácido brómicog) HNO hyponitrous acid ácido hiponitrosoi) HClO hypochlorous acid ácido hipocloroso13. Name the following oxysalts:a) KIO4 potassium periodate peryodato potásico o peryodato de potasiob) Na2SO3 sodium sulphite sulfito sódico o sulfito de sodioc) CaCO3 calcium carbonate carbonato cálcico o carbonato de calciod) ZnSeO4 zinc seleniate seleniato de zince) Al(ClO3)3 aluminium chlorate clorato alumínico o clorato de aluminiof) KBrO4 potassium perbromate perbromato de potasio o perbromato

potásicog) AgNO3 silver nitrate nitrato argéntico o nitrato de platah) Al2(SO4)3 aluminium sulphate sulfato alumínico o sulfato de aluminioi) NiSO2 nickel (II) hyposulphite hiposulfito de níquel (II)o hiposulfito

niquelosoj) LiNO3 lithium nitrate nitrato lítico o nitrato de litiok) Ca(IO4)2 calcium periodate peryodato cálcico o peryodato de calciol) MgSeO3 magnesium selenite selenito magnésico o selenito de magnesio14. Write the formula of the following oxysalts:a) Calcium perbromate Ca(BrO4)2 b) Copper (II) nitrate Cu(NO3)2

c) Copper (I) sulphite Cu2SO3 d) Nickel (II) bromite Ni(BrO2)2

e) Nickel (III) iodite Ni(IO2)3 f) Beryllium hypochlorite Be(ClO)2

g) Potassium carbonate K2CO3 h) Silver sulphate Ag2SO4

i) Silver sulphite Ag2SO3 j) Silver hyposulphite Ag2SO2

k) Cobalt (II) selenate CoSeO4 l) Cobalt (III) selenate Co2(SeO4)3

15. Write the formulas for the following oxyacids and oxysalts:a) Ditellurous acid H2Te2O5 b) Antimonic acid H3SbO4

c) Arsenious acid H3AsO3 d) Sodium dichromate Na2Cr2O7

e) Calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2

16. Write the names of the following oxyacids:a) H4P2O7 diphosphoric acid ácido difosfóricob) H3PO3 phosphorous acid ácido fosforosoc) HAsO3 metaarsenic acid ácido metaarsénicod) H3AsO4 arsenic acid ácido arsénicoe) H2CrO4 chromic acid ácido crómicof) KMnO4 potassium permanganate permanganato de potasio o permanganato potásico

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