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CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 1
REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH
Question 1
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows the regulation of specific hormones towards the development in the
ovary.
a. i. Based on Figure 1, state hormone X (1m)
___________________________________________________________
ii. State the role of hormone X.(1m)
__________________________________________________________
b. In Figure 1, draw the change that occurs to structure T on the 26th day. (1m)
__________________________________________________________
c. Identify hormone P and Q (2m)
_________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 2
Question 2
Figure 2
Figure 2 shows the reproductive structures of different organism.
a. Based on Figure 2, label X and Y in space provided.(2m)
b. State the organism that produced A and B.(2m)
_________________________________________________________
c. Describe what happens to nuclei P and Q before fertilization takes place. (2m)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
d. Explain the roles played by X and Y in ensuring that fertilisation takes place (2m)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 3
Question 3
Figure 3
Figure 3 shows the process of sperm formation in the mammalian testis.
a .i. State P and Q (2m)
P: ___________________________
Q:___________________________
ii. Give reasons why cells Q and R are genetically identical. (2m)
____________________________________________________________
iii. Name two ways how cell division leads to cell S and T being genetically
different. (2m)
____________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 4
Question 4
Figure 4
Figure 4 shows the process of ovum formation in the mammalian ovary.
a. i. State the structures labelled L, M and N (3m)
L : _______________________
M: _______________________
N: _______________________
ii. State the hormone involved in the formation of follicle and explain the role of it
(2m)
__________________________________________________________________
b. The menstrual cycle involves four type of hormones. Name the hormones. (2m)
___________________________________________________________________
c. Describe how structure N produces progesterone. (2m)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 5
Question 5
Figure 5
Figure 5 shows certain events that take place in the ovary and Fallopian tube.
a. i. Name the process labelled P (1m)
______________________________________________________________
ii. State the type of cell division takes place at Q. !m)
______________________________________________________________
b.i. Name the structure labelled R.(1m)
______________________________________________________________
ii. Describe its function during pregnancy. (2m)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
c..i. On Figure 5, label the region where fertilization takes place with ‘F’ letter. (1m)
ii. Predict what will happen if two ova released during ovulation and are fertilised.
(2m)
_________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 6
_________________________________________________________________
Question 6.Figure 1 below shows the process of fertilization in an embryo sac. P are carried in the pollen tube to the embryo sac. P are carried in the pollen tube to the embryo sac.
(a) (i) What are P? ______________________________________________________________________
(1m) (ii) How are P formed? ______________________________________________________________________
(1m)(b) State whether the chromosomal number of P is haploid or diploid ______________________________________________________________________
(1m)(c) What are X, Y and Z? X:____________________________________________________________________ Y:____________________________________________________________________ Z:_____________________________________________________________________ (3m)(d) How do P enter the embryo sac? ______________________________________________________________________
(1m)(e) (i) Explain what happens after P enter the embryo sac.
______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 7
______________________________________________________________________ (3m) (ii) Name this process. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
Question 7.Figure below shows a pollen that was removed from the stigma after being there for a while
(a) (i) What process is experienced by the pollen? ______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(ii) Name structure X.
______________________________________________________________________ (1m)
(iii) Draw all nuclei on the pollen in figure 2 and label them.
(2m)
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 8
(b) (i) Draw the development and growth of structure X up to the embryo sac, in the figure below.
(ii) Name the process that occurs when structure X reaches the plant’s embryo sac.
______________________________________________________________________ (1m)(c) (i) Explain how the process in (b) (ii) occurs. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ (2m)
(ii) What are the products obtained from this process?
1.__________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________ (2m)
(d) At the end of the process in (b)(ii), what happens to the
(i) Ovary?
______________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 9
(1m) (ii) Integument?
______________________________________________________________________ (1m) (iii) Ovule?
______________________________________________________________________ (1m)
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 10
LEARNING AREA : REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH
Activity 1. Complete the table below.
Comparison between the formation of sperm and ova.
A.
B.
DIFFERENCES SPERMATOGENESIS OOGENESIS
1. Gametes produced i. ii.
2. Place of formation iii. iv.
3. Size of gametes v. vi.
4. Number of gametes
produced
vii. viii.
5. Cytokinesis Equal distribution of
cytoplasm in all four sperm
cells produced
Unequal
6. Shape of gametes ix. x.
7. Germinal epithelial cells Divide by mitosis
throughout adult
Divide by mitosis during
foetal stage
8. Meiotic division xi.
Spermatogenesis Oogenesis
Similarities
1. Location : _______________________
2. Process involve: __________________
3. Products : _________________________
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 11
Activitiy 2. Complete the table below
Comparison between identical twins and fracternal twins
DIFFERENCES IDENTICAL TWINS FRACTERNAL TWINS
a. Fertilisation 1. 2.
b. Genetic constitution 3. 4
c. Number of placentae 5. 6.
d. Sex 7. 8.
e. Physical characteristics 9. 10.
Activity 3 : Complete the text below
i. Both identical twins and fracternal twins grow by the process of
_______________.
ii. The embryos formed are there result of ______________________ between
an ovum and a sperm.
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 12
ESSAY QUESTIONS
1.
Diagram 1
Diagram 1 shows the stages of secondary growth in the stem of dicotyledonous plants.
(a) Explain the stages of growth that happen in the shoot of dicotyledonous plants which produced the primary tissues as shown at section A in Diagram 1.
[10 marks]
(b) Describe how the secondary growth occurs starting from section A to section D in Diagram 1.
[10 marks]
Primary xylem
Primary phloem
Vascular cambium
Secondary phloem
Secondary xylem
Intervascular cambium
A B
C D
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 13
2. Diagram 2 shows a type of growth curve .
Diagram 2
Based on Diagram 2, explain the growth curve .
[10 marks]
3. (a) (i) Diagram 3 (a) shows the formation of two pairs of twins.
Explain the similarities and differences in the formation of the two pairs of twins.
[4 marks]
B
CC
A
DE
F
Dry mass of plant (g)
Time (day)
Diagram 3 (a)
CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 14
(ii) Diagram 3 (b) shows another two pairs of twins.
Diagram 3(b)
Explain the differences between the two pairs of twins. Your explaination should be based on the following aspects.
Types of twins The formation of twins Characteristics of twins
[6 marks]
4.
Explain one modern technique that can be used by the childless couple to conceive.
[ 10 marks ]
The fallopian tubes of a married woman are blocked, making it
impossible for her to conceive through the natural process. She and her husband insist to have their own child .