module ii soil stabilization (ss) and sediment control (sc) bmps module ii soil stabilization (ss)...

Module IISoil Stabilization (SS)

and Sediment Control (SC) BMPs

Module IISoil Stabilization (SS)

and Sediment Control (SC) BMPs

Module

Topic

0 Overview

I Introduction

IISoil Stabilization (SS) and Sediment Control (SC) BMPs

IIITracking, Wind Erosion, and Construction Site Management BMPs

IVIncorporation of Construction Site BMPs into the Design Process

V Final Wrap-Up

Module II ObjectivesModule II Objectives

Upon completion, the student will be able to

• Understand potential erosion and sediment problems

• Understand water pollution control strategies behind the selection of soil stabilization (SS) and sediment control (SC) practices

• Select BMPs using the Caltrans-developed process (PS&E level detail)

• Identify Standard Special Provisions (SSPs) for selected bid line items 2

Construction Activities

and Storm Water

Construction Activities

and Storm WaterConstruction projects tend to

• Disrupt the existing area by exposing soils and changing drainage patterns

• Store and use materials that contain or are themselves pollutants

• Require ancillary activities that are potential sources of pollutants

3

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems

Water Pollution Control Strategies

Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs

4




5




• Clear and grub• Roadway clearing• Roadway/structure excavation• Channel excavation• Utility trenching• Dirt hauling• Grading• Soil/aggregate base stockpiling• Irrigation and planting

What potential storm water pollutants can these activities

yield?

Typical Construction Activities

Typical Construction Activities

6




Sediment

Potential Construction Site Pollutants

Potential Construction Site Pollutants

The most common pollutant washed from construction sites, sediment clogs the gills of fish, blocks light transmission, and increases water temperature, harming aquatic life and disturbing the food chain.

7




• Failure to install BMPs

• Inappropriate BMP selection

• Failure to use a combination of BMPs

• Improper BMP installation

• Inadequate maintenance during construction

Problems with Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control BMP

Implementation

Problems with Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control BMP

Implementation

8




Since sediment is the major pollutant from construction sites, the timely installation of BMPs is imperative.

Failure to Install BMPsFailure to Install BMPs

9




There are limitations for each Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control BMP. Selecting the appropriate BMP for each application ensures success.

Inappropriate BMP Selection

Inappropriate BMP Selection

10




The lack of soil stabilization resulted in severe slope erosion. A combination of BMPs is required.

Failure to Usea Combination of BMPs

Failure to Usea Combination of BMPs

11




Types of ErosionTypes of Erosion




12

Water Pollution Control Strategies during

Construction

Water Pollution Control Strategies during

Construction• Prevent storm water contact with disturbed soil areas (DSAs)

• Protect DSAs from erosion• Minimize sediment in storm water

before discharge• Control discharges of sediment from

other sources• Prevent non–storm water discharges• Prevent storm water contact with

other potential construction site pollutants

13




Prevent Storm Water Contact with Disturbed Soil Areas

Prevent Storm Water Contact with Disturbed Soil Areas

The BMP used to protect

DSAs from rainfall is this one:

• Scheduling

14




Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Splash and Sheet

Erosion

Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Splash and Sheet

Erosion This is the BMP used to protect DSAs from these types of erosion:

• Temporary soil stabilization

15




Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Rill ErosionProtect Disturbed Soil Areas from Rill Erosion

BMPs to protect DSAs from rill erosion are slope interrupter devices:

• Gravel Bag Berms• Fiber Rolls

16




BMPs used to protect DSAs from concentrated storm water flows are as follows:• Check Dams• Earth Berms and Dikes• Slope Drains• Outlet Protection Devices

Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Gully and Channel Erosion

Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Gully and Channel Erosion

17

These BMPs are important for storm water run-on controls from off-site sources.




Minimize Sediment in Storm Water before Discharge

Minimize Sediment in Storm Water before Discharge

Linear Sediment Barriers• Silt Fence• Sandbag Barrier• Straw Bale Barrier• Fiber Rolls• Gravel Bag Berm

Sediment Removal Devices• Storm Drain Inlet

Protection• Sediment/Desilting

Basins

1818




Example Project

Example Project

Roadway WideningCentral Expressway• Widen from two to four

lanes• Elevate roadway• Construct wall and bridge

structures• Grade embankments

Purpose• Assess impacts and

problem conditions• Select and deploy BMPs• Identify SSPs for separate

bid line items

19




PS&E PhaseSee Exercise Page 1

Embankment SlopeAccess Road

Additional Right of WayBridge Structure

Retaining WallDrainage System

20

Project Information

Project Information

Construction Activities• Clearing and

grubbing• Structure

excavation• Roadway

excavation• Roadway grading• Cuts and fills

21



Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example

Project

More Project Information

More Project Information

Construction Activities• 27 acres of DSA• Four construction

stages• Slopes from flat to

1:1.5• Slope lengths to 125

ft• Discharges to an

urban channel – Adobe Creek an ESA (not on 303[d] list)

Designate appropriate soil stabilization and sediment control BMPs

22




Project

What’s the first thing

we want to do

What’s the first thing

we want to do

Example Project

23




Has Caltrans developed any aids to assist the Designer with selecting appropriate Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control BMPs?

24




Project

Example Project

Construction Site BMP

Consideration Form


Consideration Form

25




See Reference Material TabPage 1

Checklist CS-1, Part 1


27.1 ac (11 ha)

7.4 ac (3 ha)

17.3 ac (7 ha)

2.5 ac (1 ha)

12.4 ac (5 ha)

3

Example Project

26





Example Project

27

(Refer to Table 2-1 of theConstruction Site Best Management Practices

Manual.)

(Refer to Table 2-2, and2-3 of the Construction Site Best Management

Practices Manual



Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part

1Checklist CS-1, Part

1

28

Example Project





29

Example Project





30

NON-ACTIVE DISTURBED SOIL AREAS

SOIL STABILIZATION (5)

SEDIMENT BARRIER

DESILTING BASIN

(5)

Example Project




4

NON-RAINY

4

See ReferenceMaterial TabPage 14

ACTIVE DISTURBED SOIL AREAS (3)

SOIL STABILIZATION

SEDIMENT BARRIER

DESILTING BASIN (2)RAINY

NON-RAINY

31

Example Project




4

4


Combination of Soil Stabilization and Sediment Controls and

Barriers

Combination of Soil Stabilization and Sediment Controls and

BarriersSeason BMP Non-Active DSAs Active DSAs

RainyRainyRainyRainy

October 1 - October 1 - May 1May 1October 1 - October 1 - May 1May 1

Non-Non-RainyRainyNon-Non-RainyRainy

May 2 - May 2 - September 30September 30May 2 - May 2 - September 30September 30

Soil Soil StabilizationStabilization


Sediment Sediment BarrierBarrier


Desilting Desilting BasinBasin








Slope LengthsSlope Lengths All AllSlope InclinationsSlope Inclinations All AllSlope LengthsSlope Lengths All AllSlope InclinationsSlope Inclinations All All

Slope Lengths > 10’Slope Lengths > 10’Slope Inclinations > 2:1Slope Inclinations > 2:1Slope Lengths > 10’Slope Lengths > 10’Slope Inclinations > 2:1Slope Inclinations > 2:1

None *None *None *None *

NoneNoneNoneNone

NoneNoneNoneNone

NoneNoneNoneNone

NoneNoneNoneNone

NoneNoneNoneNone

NoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNone



* Except prior to predicted rain (Footnote 3)

Example Project

33

4






Example Project

34






The following contract items of work, as shown on the plans or specified elsewhere in these special provisions shall be incorporated into the SWPPP and identified as permanent water pollution control practices:

A. _____________________B. _____________________C. _____________________

The Contractor shall construct permanent water pollution control items identified in the SWPPP as specified in "Order of Work" of these special provisions. The Contractor shall maintain the permanent water pollution control items in the locations and condition shown on the plans throughout the duration of the project.

07-345 – Water Pollution Control07-345 – Water Pollution Control

Example Project

35

Standard Special

Provisions

Standard Special

Provisions




Rainy Season Implementation Requirements

The Contractor shall provide soil stabilization and sediment control practices during the rainy season between……..

During the defined rainy season, the active disturbed soil area of the project shall not be more than 5 acres. The Engineer may approve, on a case-by-case basis, expansions of the active disturbed soil area limit.

07-345 – Water Pollution Control07-345 – Water Pollution Control

Example Project

36

Standard Special

Provisions

Standard Special

Provisions




Scheduling Type BMPs• 07-485 Move In/Move Out (Temp. Erosion

Control)• 20-020 Move In/Move Out (Erosion Control)• 05-020 Order of Work (refs 07-345, 07-446, S5-

760)

Example Project

37

Standard Special

Provisions

Standard Special

Provisions




Preservation of Existing Vegetation Type BMPs• 07-446 Temporary Fence (Type ESA)


Example Project

39






Do all soil stabilization methods work the same?

• 07-371 Temporary Soil Binder• 07-380 Temporary Mulch• 07-381 Temporary Hydraulic Mulch

(Bonded Fiber Matrix)• 07-382 Temporary Hydraulic Mulch

(Polymer Stabilized Fiber Matrix)• 07-390 Temporary Erosion Control

Blanket• 07-395 Temporary Cover

Example Project

40

Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection BMPs

Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection BMPs





Temporary Stabilization

Selection Criteria Matrix

Temporary Stabilization

Selection Criteria Matrix

TEMPORARY SOIL STABILIZATION CONTROL CRITERIA

CLASS TYPE Ante

cede

nt M

oist

ure

Avai

labi

lity

Ease

of C

lean

-Up

Inst

alle

d Co

st P

er H

a

EC E

ffect

ivene

ss (%

)

Degr

adab

ility

Leng

th o

f Dry

ing

Tim

e(h

rs)

Tim

e to

Effe

ctive

ness

(day

s)

Long

evity

Mod

e of

App

licat

ion

Resid

ual I

mpa

ct

Nativ

e

Runo

ff Ef

fect

Wat

er Q

uality

Impa

ct

CATEGORY: STANDARD BIODEGRADABLE MULCHES (SBM)Straw Mulch Wheat Straw D S H $5,200 90-95 B 0 1 M L/M M + M

Rice Straw D S H $5,200 90-95 B 0 1 M L/M M + LWood Fiber Mulch Wood Fiber D S H $2,200 50-60 B 0-4 1 M H L + MRecycled Paper MulchCellulose Fiber D S H $2,100 50-60 B 0-4 1 S H L + LBonded Fiber Matrix Biodegradable D S H $13,600 90-95 B 12-18 1 M H M + HCATEGORY: ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS (RECP)Biodegradable Jute Mesh D S H $16,000 65-70 B 1 M L M + UNK

Curled Wood Fiber D S H $26,000 85-90 P/B 1 M L M + LStraw D S H $22,000 85-90 P/B 1 M L M + HWood Fiber D S H $22,000 85-90 P/B 1 M L M + LCoconut Fiber D S H $32,000 90-95 P/B 1 L L M + LCoconut Fiber Mesh D S H $77,000 85-90 B 1 L L M + UNKStraw Coconut Fiber D S H $27,000 90-95 P/B 1 L L M + M

Non-Biodegradable Plastic Netting D M H $5,000 <50 P 1 L L H + UNKPlastic Mesh D M H $8,000 75-80 P 1 L L H + UNKSynthetic Fiber with Netting D M H $86,000 90-95 P 1 L L H + UNKBonded Synthetic Fibers D M H $121,000 90-95 P 1 L L H + UNKCombination with Biodegradable D M H $79,000 85-90 P 1 L L H + UNK

CATEGORY: TEMPORARY SEEDING (TS)High-Density Ornamentals S-M H $1000 - $4000 50-60 28 M-L H L-M N/E + UNK

Turf species S H $900 50-60 28 L H M-H N/E + UNKBunch grasses S-M H $750 - $3200 50-60 28 L H L-M N + UNK

Fast-Growing Annual S H $900 - $1,600 50-60 28 L H L-H N/E + UNKPerennial S H $800 - $2000 50-60 28 L H M N/E + UNK

Non-Competing Native S-M H $700 - $4000 50-60 28 L H L-M N + UNKNon-Native S-M H $1000 - $1200 50-60 28 L H L-H E + UNK

Sterile Cereal Grain S H $1,200 50-60 28 L H L E + UNKCATEGORY: IMPERVIOUS COVERS (IC)Plastic Rolled Plastic Sheeting S $17,000 100 P 1 M L H - UNK

Geotextile (Woven) S $14,800 90-95 P 1 M L H - UNKCATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SOIL STABILIZERS (HSS)(PBS) Plant Material Guar D S H $1,000 80-85 B 12-18 S B L 0/+ M/LBased- Short Lived Psyllium P S H $1,000 25-35 B 12-18 M B L 0 L/H

Starches D S H $1,000 25-30 B 9-12 S H L 0 L(PBL) Plant MaterialBased- Long Lived

Pitch/ Rosin Emulsion D S M $3,000 60-75 B 19-24 M B M - H

(PEB) Polymeric Acrylic polymers and copolymers D S M $3,000 35-70 P/C 19-24 L B M +/- L/MEmulsion Blends Methacrylates and acrylates D M M $1,000 35-40 P/C 12-18 S W L 0/+ L

Sodium acrylates and acrylamides D M M $1,000 20-70 P/C 12-18 S H L +/- L/MPolyacrylamide D M M $1,000 55-65 P/C 4-8 M H L 0/+ LHydro-colloid polymers D M H $1,000 25-40 P/C 0-4 M H L 0/+ L/M

(PRB) Petroleum/Resin-Based Emulsions

Emulsified Petroleum Resin D M L $3,000 10-50 P/C 0-4 M B M 0/- H

(CBB) CementitiousBased Binders

Gypsum D S M $2,000 75-85 P/C 4-8

Sam

e as

Len

gth

of D

ryin

g Ti

me.

M H L - M/H

= not applicable for category, class or typeUNK = unknown

A variety of soil stabilization BMPs are compared using several selection criteria. These include installed cost, longevity of effectiveness, availability, mode of application, and water quality impact.

41

Table C-2 can be found in Appendix C of the PPDG.


Specify Soil Stabilization Type

Protect DSAs from splash and sheet erosion by applying soil stabilization BMPs

42

Adobe Creek

What’s next?What’s next?

Is there any help

out there?

Is there any help

out there? 43




Project

Example Project

44






Example Project

45






Slope Interrupter Type BMPs

• 07-420 Temporary Fiber Roll

• 07-470 Temporary Gravel Bag Berm

Example Project

46

Slope Interrupter and Channelized

Flow BMPs

Slope Interrupter and Channelized

Flow BMPs

Channelized Flow Type BMPs• 07-390 Temporary Erosion Control Blanket• 07-415 Temporary Check Dam• SS-9 Earth Dikes/Swales and Ditches• SS-10 Outlet Protection/Velocity Dissipation

Devices• SS-11 Slope Drains




Apply appropriate devices to create slope breaks

Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection by Slope Interrupter Devices

47

48

Protect DSAs from concentrated flows by applying• Dikes and berms• Slope drains• Check dams

DSA Protection by Controlling Concentrated Flows

We’ve done what we can to keep sediment in its place . . . Are we done selecting appropriate Construction Site BMPs for the erosion process?

49

No!!! We need an effective combination of soil stabilization and sediment control measures.

50

Let’s select the appropriate sediment controls for our example project

Okay, where should the prudent

Designer start?

Okay, where should the prudent

Designer start?

51




Project


Consideration Form


Consideration Form

Example Project

52





Example Project

53






See Ref TabPage 5

Example Project

54






Example Project

55

(Refer to Tables 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 of the Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual for rainfall area requirements.)






Sediment Control BMPs

Sediment Control BMPs

Example Project

56

Linear Barrier (Perimeter/Run-off Controls)

• 07-420 Temporary Fiber Roll

• 07-430 Temporary Silt Fence

• 07-460 Temporary Straw Bale Barrier

• 07-420 Temporary Gravel Bag Berm

• 07-XXX Temporary Sand Bag Barrier





More Sediment Control BMPs

More Sediment Control BMPs

Example Project

57

Storm Drain Inlet Protection BMPs

• 07-490 Temporary Drain Inlet Protection

Perimeter/Run-On Controls• SS-9 Earth Dikes/Swales and

Ditches• SC-5 Fiber Roll• SC-6 Gravel Bag Berm• SC-8 Sandbag Barrier• SC-9 Straw Bale Barrier




Perimeter Controls – Run-off Control

Consider the trapping ability of• Linear sediment barriers• Perimeter controls

Perimeter Controls – Run-off Control

Consider the trapping ability of• Linear sediment barriers• Perimeter controls

58

Perimeter Control – Run-on Controls

Route storm water around or through the construction site

59

Storm Drain Inlets

• Identify existing drain inlets• Identify proposed drain inlets• Protect drain inlets

60

Module II SummaryModule II Summary

We have just covered the following topics:

• The potential erosion and sediment problems on construction sites

• The water pollution control strategies behind the selection of soil stabilization and sediment control practices

• The selection of appropriate soil stabilization and sediment control BMPs using the Caltrans-developed process

• Identifying SSPs that will be included in the PS&E process

61

Questions

62

Can you believe it? A few more questions

Can you believe it? A few more questions

Permanent Erosion Control (e.g. Erosion Control (Type D)) is not intended to be used as a Construction Site BMP?

63

Name a few sediment barriers (as intended in Tables 2-2 & 2-3).

What are the Water Pollution Control Strategies for sediment?

module ii soil stabilization (ss) and sediment control (sc) bmps module ii soil stabilization (ss)...

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