Field Application Field Application Training for Training for

Erosion and Sediment Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs on Control BMPs on

Caltrans Construction Caltrans Construction Sites Sites

Field Application Field Application Training for Training for

Erosion and Sediment Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs on Control BMPs on

Caltrans Construction Caltrans Construction Sites Sites

22

Who Are We – Who Are You?Who Are We – Who Are You?

Your FacilitatorsYour Facilitators– Joe Crea, CPESC, CPSWQJoe Crea, CPESC, CPSWQ– Ron Lamaster, CPESCRon Lamaster, CPESC

Audience IntroductionsAudience Introductions

Part of Caltrans’ Overall Part of Caltrans’ Overall Water Quality ProgramWater Quality Program- 5,000+ Compliance5,000+ Compliance- Inspections …All Inspections …All

Caltrans DistrictsCaltrans Districts- 5000+ Trained5000+ Trained- 600+ SWPPPs 600+ SWPPPs

Prepared/ReviewedPrepared/Reviewed- Specifications/Manuals Specifications/Manuals

PreparedPrepared

33

Why Are You Here?Why Are You Here? To learn about the types and causes of To learn about the types and causes of

erosionerosion

To learn about factors which influence To learn about factors which influence

erosionerosion

To review planning strategies for To review planning strategies for

erosion and sediment control BMPserosion and sediment control BMPs

To learn about BMPs implementation To learn about BMPs implementation

for erosion and sediment controlsfor erosion and sediment controls

To review EC and SC BMPs implemented To review EC and SC BMPs implemented

in the fieldin the field

44

What You Will LearnWhat You Will Learn What are the causes and effects of What are the causes and effects of

erosionerosion

What factors influence the erosion What factors influence the erosion

processprocess

Planning for erosion and sediment Planning for erosion and sediment

control implementationcontrol implementation

How Best Management Practices are How Best Management Practices are

used for erosion and sediment controlused for erosion and sediment control

What BMPs should look like when What BMPs should look like when

properly implemented in the fieldproperly implemented in the field

55

IntroductionIntroduction Course HighlightsCourse Highlights

– IntroductionIntroduction

– Planning for Erosion and Sediment ControlPlanning for Erosion and Sediment Control

– Erosion Control BMP Planning and Erosion Control BMP Planning and ImplementationImplementation

– Sediment Control BMP Planning and Sediment Control BMP Planning and ImplementationImplementation

– Class Exercise Class Exercise

– Field Demonstration of BMPsField Demonstration of BMPs

66

IntroductionIntroduction

““An estimated 80 An estimated 80 Millions Tons of solids Millions Tons of solids are discharged are discharged annually from annually from construction sites into construction sites into receiving waters”receiving waters”According to the EPA

Sediment is the Sediment is the number one pollutant number one pollutant that is discharged that is discharged from construction from construction sitessites

77

IntroductionIntroduction

““On a unit basis, On a unit basis, construction site construction site export sediment at export sediment at 20 to 1,000 times 20 to 1,000 times the rates of other the rates of other land uses.”land uses.”According to the EPA

88

IntroductionIntroduction Temporary soil Temporary soil

stabilization can be stabilization can be the single-most the single-most important factor in important factor in reducing erosion at reducing erosion at construction sites.construction sites. NPDES General Construction Permit

99

SWRCB / NPDES - General SWRCB / NPDES - General Construction PermitConstruction Permit

Rainy SeasonRainy Season– At a minimum, the At a minimum, the

discharger/operator must implement discharger/operator must implement an effective combination of erosion an effective combination of erosion and sediment control on all disturbed and sediment control on all disturbed areas during the rainy seasonareas during the rainy season

– The discharger shall consider The discharger shall consider measures such as: covering with measures such as: covering with mulch, temporary seeding, soil mulch, temporary seeding, soil stabilizers, binders, fiber rolls or stabilizers, binders, fiber rolls or blankets, temporary vegetation, blankets, temporary vegetation, permanent seeding, and a variety of permanent seeding, and a variety of other measures.other measures.

1010

SWPPP / WPCPSWPPP / WPCP

Contractor Selected BMPsContractor Selected BMPs– SWPPPSWPPP

500.3.4 Soil Stabilization500.3.4 Soil Stabilization500.3.5 Sediment Controls500.3.5 Sediment Controls

– WPCPWPCP30.1.1 Soil Stabilization30.1.1 Soil Stabilization30.1.2 Sediment Control30.1.2 Sediment Control

1111

Caltrans HandbooksCaltrans Handbooks

Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks and Manualsand Manuals– Construction Site BMPs ManualConstruction Site BMPs Manual– Guidance for Temporary Soil StabilizationGuidance for Temporary Soil Stabilization

GetGet Manuals online atManuals online at http://http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htmwww.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm or hard copies or hard copies are available from Caltrans Publicationsare available from Caltrans Publications

1212

ManualsManuals Construction Site BMPs Construction Site BMPs

Manual - 2003Manual - 2003– Guidelines for the selection Guidelines for the selection

and implementation of and implementation of construction site BMPsconstruction site BMPs

Rainy Season / Rainfall Area Rainy Season / Rainfall Area DefinitionsDefinitions

Procedures for Rainfall Area 7Procedures for Rainfall Area 7

BMP Placement on SlopesBMP Placement on Slopes

EC and SC Requirements for EC and SC Requirements for DSAsDSAs

1313

Construction BMP Practices Construction BMP Practices ManualManual

Soil Stabilization and Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control Sediment Control RequirementsRequirements

1414

Rainy Season DatesRainy Season Dates

Three distinct Three distinct precipitation precipitation zones based zones based on season and on season and variability of variability of rainfall rainfall patternspatterns

1515

Area DefinitionArea Definition

Seven distinct Seven distinct areas based on areas based on location and location and elevationelevation

1616

Non-Active DSAsNon-Active DSAs Soil stabilization Soil stabilization

requirements for requirements for non-active non-active disturbed soils disturbed soils areas based on areas based on season and slope season and slope inclination and inclination and length length

1717

Active DSAsActive DSAs Soil stabilization Soil stabilization

requirements for requirements for active disturbed active disturbed soils areas soils areas based on season based on season and slope and slope inclination and inclination and lengthlength

1818

Caltrans ManualCaltrans Manual Guidance for Guidance for

Temporary Soil Temporary Soil StabilizationStabilization– Guidance document Guidance document

that helps with the that helps with the planning, selection, and planning, selection, and implementation of BMPs implementation of BMPs for soil stabilizationfor soil stabilization

1919

Erosion and Sedimentation Erosion and Sedimentation What is Erosion and What is Erosion and

Sedimentation?Sedimentation?

Soil erosion is the Soil erosion is the processprocess by which soil by which soil particles become detached by water, wind, particles become detached by water, wind, or gravity and are transported from their or gravity and are transported from their original location. original location.

Sedimentation is the Sedimentation is the resultresult of deposition of deposition (settling out) of the detached soil particles.(settling out) of the detached soil particles.

2020

Types of ErosionTypes of Erosion– Splash ErosionSplash Erosion

– Sheet Erosion (Overland Flow)Sheet Erosion (Overland Flow)

– Rill ErosionRill Erosion

– Gully ErosionGully Erosion

– Channel ErosionChannel Erosion

2121

Splash ErosionSplash Erosion

Rain drops striking bare soil directlyRain drops striking bare soil directly– Detach soil particlesDetach soil particles– Particles can then transported by the action Particles can then transported by the action

of water and/or windof water and/or wind

2222

Sheet Erosion (Overland Flow)Sheet Erosion (Overland Flow) The removal of a uniform thin The removal of a uniform thin

layer of soil by raindrop splash layer of soil by raindrop splash or water run-offor water run-off

Surface film of water 2-3 mm Surface film of water 2-3 mm deepdeep

This process may occur This process may occur unnoticed on exposed soil even unnoticed on exposed soil even though raindrops are eroding though raindrops are eroding large quantities of soil large quantities of soil

This process eventually This process eventually becomes more dramatic via becomes more dramatic via the formation of rills and the formation of rills and gulliesgullies

2323

Rill ErosionRill Erosion Shallow surface flows that become Shallow surface flows that become

condensedcondensed

Increased velocity and turbulence.Increased velocity and turbulence.

Well-defined tiny channelsWell-defined tiny channels

2424

Gully Erosion (Concentrated Gully Erosion (Concentrated Flow)Flow)

Accumulating runoff becomes Accumulating runoff becomes concentrated and forms small rills concentrated and forms small rills throughout the soilthroughout the soil

Several rills may form throughout a Several rills may form throughout a slope and eventually may join slope and eventually may join together to form Gulliestogether to form Gullies

The rate of rill erosion can be The rate of rill erosion can be approximately 100 X greater than approximately 100 X greater than sheet erosion and the rate of gully sheet erosion and the rate of gully erosion can be approximately 100 erosion can be approximately 100 X greater than rill erosionX greater than rill erosion

2525

Channel ErosionChannel Erosion

Occurs when the equilibrium between the flow of Occurs when the equilibrium between the flow of water and friction of the soil surface is disruptedwater and friction of the soil surface is disrupted

Results from increased volume, velocity and or Results from increased volume, velocity and or duration of flow, concentration of flow or removal duration of flow, concentration of flow or removal of vegetationof vegetation

Channel erosion occurs in areas where tributaries, Channel erosion occurs in areas where tributaries, storm drains and or culverts flow into unprotected storm drains and or culverts flow into unprotected channelschannels

2626

SedimentationSedimentation

Is solid particulate matter, that is in Is solid particulate matter, that is in

suspension, is being transported, or has suspension, is being transported, or has

been moved from its site by air, water, been moved from its site by air, water,

gravity or ice and has settled elsewheregravity or ice and has settled elsewhere

2727

Course HighlightsCourse Highlights– IntroductionIntroduction

– Planning for Erosion and Sediment Planning for Erosion and Sediment ControlControl

– Selection of BMPs For Erosion ControlSelection of BMPs For Erosion Control

– Selection of BMPs For Sediment ControlSelection of BMPs For Sediment Control

– Field Demonstration of BMPsField Demonstration of BMPs

2828

Planning for Erosion ControlPlanning for Erosion Control

To effectively stabilize Disturbed Soil To effectively stabilize Disturbed Soil Areas (DSAs) proper planning, Areas (DSAs) proper planning, selection and implementation of soil selection and implementation of soil stabilization BMPs is necessarystabilization BMPs is necessary

2929

Planning ConsiderationsPlanning Considerations

Rainy SeasonRainy Season Site EvaluationSite Evaluation SchedulingScheduling

– Lead time for materials and Lead time for materials and equipmentequipment

Weather TrackingWeather Tracking Limiting the Amount of Soil ExposureLimiting the Amount of Soil Exposure BMP SelectionBMP Selection Soil PreparationSoil Preparation

3030

Rainy SeasonRainy Season

Review and evaluate Review and evaluate soil disturbing soil disturbing activities during the activities during the rainy seasonrainy season

Be aware of when and Be aware of when and how much how much precipitation could precipitation could potentially fall during potentially fall during storm eventsstorm events

3131

Site EvaluationSite Evaluation

Flow ConditionsFlow Conditions Slope Inclination and LengthSlope Inclination and Length Soil PropertiesSoil Properties Surface areaSurface area Atmospheric ConditionAtmospheric Condition Accessibility of EquipmentAccessibility of Equipment Drainage (303 (d) Water Bodies)Drainage (303 (d) Water Bodies) Duration of NeedsDuration of Needs

3232

Site Evaluation - Flow Site Evaluation - Flow ConditionsConditions

Sheet FlowSheet Flow Channelized FlowChannelized Flow Run-on Run-on Run-offRun-off

Determine the types of flows Determine the types of flows which will impact the DSA of which will impact the DSA of the construction sitethe construction site

3333

Site Evaluation - Slope Site Evaluation - Slope Inclination and LengthInclination and Length

Slope InclinationSlope Inclination– Is the gradient of the face of the slopeIs the gradient of the face of the slope

Slope LengthSlope Length– Is measured or calculated along the Is measured or calculated along the

continuous incline surfacecontinuous incline surface

3434

Site Evaluation - Soil PropertiesSite Evaluation - Soil Properties Soil CompositionSoil Composition

– Classification of soil grain size, shape and mineralogyClassification of soil grain size, shape and mineralogy Shear Strenght and DensityShear Strenght and Density

– Shear strength is the resistance to sliding from one mass Shear strength is the resistance to sliding from one mass of soil to anotherof soil to another

– Density is the percent of void space in the soilDensity is the percent of void space in the soil PermeabilityPermeability

– Measure of how fast water can move through the soilMeasure of how fast water can move through the soil Soil ChemistrySoil Chemistry

– The makeup of the soil The makeup of the soil Geological FeaturesGeological Features

– Subsurface geologySubsurface geology

3535

Site Evaluation - Surface AreaSite Evaluation - Surface Area

Small:Small:– Equal to or less than 0.4 Hectors (1 Acre)Equal to or less than 0.4 Hectors (1 Acre)

Medium:Medium:– Between 0.4 and 2 hectares (1 – 5 Acres)Between 0.4 and 2 hectares (1 – 5 Acres)

Large:Large:– Greater than 2 hectares (5 acres)Greater than 2 hectares (5 acres)

3636

Site Evaluation - Atmospheric Site Evaluation - Atmospheric ConditionsConditions

TemperatureTemperature Moisture and HumidityMoisture and Humidity WindWind

Atmospheric conditions may limit Atmospheric conditions may limit the type of soil stabilization the type of soil stabilization applied to disturbed soil areasapplied to disturbed soil areas

3737

Site Evaluation - Accessibility of Site Evaluation - Accessibility of EquipmentEquipment

Access to DSA may limit soil Access to DSA may limit soil stabilization equipment from stabilization equipment from reaching areasreaching areas

3838

Site Evaluation - DrainageSite Evaluation - Drainage

It is essential to understand site It is essential to understand site run-off dynamics and control needsrun-off dynamics and control needs

3939

Site Evaluation - Duration of Site Evaluation - Duration of NeedNeed

Less than or equal to 3 monthsLess than or equal to 3 months Between 3 and 12 monthsBetween 3 and 12 months Greater than or equal to 12 monthsGreater than or equal to 12 months

The length of time that a DSA will The length of time that a DSA will need to be protected should be need to be protected should be consideredconsidered

4040

SchedulingScheduling

Lead time for obtaining materials and Lead time for obtaining materials and equipment to install the BMP is equipment to install the BMP is criticalcritical

Consider:Consider:– Delivery timeDelivery time– Installation timeInstallation time– Effective lifespanEffective lifespan– CostCost

4141

Weather TrackingWeather Tracking

Designate a person to monitor Designate a person to monitor the forecast for probability, the forecast for probability, duration and expected intensityduration and expected intensity

4242

Limiting the Amount of DSALimiting the Amount of DSA

Limit the amount and duration Limit the amount and duration that DSA are exposed to rainfall that DSA are exposed to rainfall impact, run-on and run-off and impact, run-on and run-off and windwind

4343

Soil PreparationSoil Preparation

Proper preparation of the soil is Proper preparation of the soil is necessary prior to the application of necessary prior to the application of soil stabilization materialssoil stabilization materials

4444

Caltrans EvaluationCaltrans Evaluationof SS & EC BMPsof SS & EC BMPs

SWPPP / WPCPSWPPP / WPCP CPM ScheduleCPM Schedule Rainy Season Implementation PlanRainy Season Implementation Plan Identify Active / Non-Active AreasIdentify Active / Non-Active Areas Verify Quantities of MaterialsVerify Quantities of Materials InspectionInspection

4545

SWPPP / WPCPSWPPP / WPCP– Review contractors chosen SS & SC Review contractors chosen SS & SC

BMPsBMPs– Review Water Pollution Control Drawings Review Water Pollution Control Drawings

(WPCDs)(WPCDs)– Review CPM scheduleReview CPM schedule

4646

Review Rainy season implementation Review Rainy season implementation planplan– Schedule of implementationSchedule of implementation

20 days prior to the rainy season20 days prior to the rainy seasonDates when SS & SC will be 25, 50, 100 % Dates when SS & SC will be 25, 50, 100 %

completedcompleted

– Quantity of material neededQuantity of material neededSufficient quantities of SS maintained onsiteSufficient quantities of SS maintained onsiteSC materials equivalent to 10% of the SC materials equivalent to 10% of the

installed quantities installed quantities

4747

Identify Active and Non-Active DSAIdentify Active and Non-Active DSA Verify quantities deliveredVerify quantities delivered Inspect BMP installationInspect BMP installation