module 6: research to practice
DESCRIPTION
Module 6: Research to Practice. Community Engagement. Developed through the APTR Initiative to Enhance Prevention and Population Health Education in collaboration with the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Module 6:Research to Practice
Developed through the APTR Initiative to Enhance Prevention and Population Health Education in collaboration with the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Community Engagement
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Acknowledgments
APTR wishes to acknowledge the following individuals who developed this module:
Anh Tran, PhD, MPHDuke University School of Medicine , Department of Community & Family MedicineDuke Center for Community Research
Victoria S. Kaprielian, MD, FAAFP Duke University School of Medicine , Department of Community & Family Medicine
This education module is made possible through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research (APTR) Cooperative Agreement, No. 5U50CD300860. The module represents the opinions of the author(s) and does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research.
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Presentation Objectives
1. Define the concept of community, community health, and community engagement.
2. Identify and define the fundamental principles of working with a community.
3. List actions to implement the aims of the fundamental principles of community engagement.
4. Explain some of the complexities of working with a community.
5. Delineate a structured process to plan for community health programs.
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What is Community?
A group of people who:
Are linked by social ties Share common perspectives or interests
May or may not share a geographic location
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What is Community Health?
Clinical discipline that combines health care delivery and public health. By combining these fields, health care is moved beyond
medical centers and into communities.
Develop programs that build bridges between medical centers and communities by using: Evidence-based medicine Public health methods Infrastructure and health care delivery resources
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What Are the Advantages of Community Health for Practitioners? Can reach more than one patient at a time
Broader impact on health
More cost effective
Effective and well developed community health programs can have a sustained impact on the health of a community.
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What is Community Engagement? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) defines community-engagement as:
“The process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the well-being of those people.”
(CDC/ATSDR Committee on Community Engagement,1997)
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Population Health and Ethical Considerations
Making assumptions about the health needs of a group
Not meeting with community members to discuss health issues and solicit feedback
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Some communities feel over-researched.
Researchers come to take data and don’t give back.
Communities may feel that researchers will “drain” their resources.
“Turf issues” among community members can hinder trust.
The Legacy of Insensitive Research in Community Settings
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Fundamentals for Working With the Community
Understand community context/geography Respect social customs Respect cultural beliefs and behaviors Recognize that people communicate differently Be approachable Observe community etiquette Work towards becoming culturally competent
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Fundamental 1: Understand the community
context and geography
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Actions
Do an inventory clinical resources social services other agencies
Talk to people race relations political issues social and environmental conditions
Read about history of the area Read the local paper to know current issues
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Fundamental 2: Respect social customs
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Actions
Observe how community members interact with each other and with visitors.
Be aware of group norms regarding physical contact.
Unless directed otherwise, address people formally, not by first name.Ultimately respect the views and decisions of community members.
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Fundamental 3: Respect cultural beliefs and
behaviors
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Actions
Observe interactions carefully to develop sensitivity to cultural differences.
Respect cultural differences when interacting with community members.
Understand the role that culture plays in: Overall health care Prevention attitudes Treatment decisions
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Fundamental 4: Recognize that people
communicate differently
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Actions
Awareness of: regional speech differences cultural variations in meaning of words
Maintain eye contact /general communication with the person speaking. especially when working with interpreter
Ask questions if you do not understand what is being said.
Paraphrase what you think the person said to make sure you have understood them.
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Fundamental 5: Be friendly, approachable, and attentive in order to learn from
community members
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Actions
Remember that you are a guest when you are visiting in a community.
Be open and ready to learn.
Be patient and polite. Take the time to listen carefully to community stories and discussions.
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Fundamental 6: Observe community etiquette
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Actions
As a representative of your institution, be mindful of being on time and of your overall presentation.
If not sure of how to dress or how to negotiate community norms, ask a community member.
Be aware of the power hierarchy and of community gatekeepers who can provide helpful insight.
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Fundamental 7: Work towards becoming
culturally competent
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Actions
How to increase cultural competency for community work:
Examine your own cultural assumptions and beliefs Consider every encounter as a cross-cultural
experience Be flexible and adaptable Be aware of the differences within groups Be prepared to address communication barriers
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Steps for Planning Community Health Programs
1. Respectfully approach community leaders/residents.
2. Talk to community leaders/members about their health concerns.
3. Match your interests with a community’s areas of concern.
4. Form a community advisory board (CAB).5. Solicit help from CAB and others to develop
a program plan. 6. Make plans for financial sustainability.
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Steps for Planning Community Health Programs
7. With the CAB, plan program evaluations to monitor progress and results.
8. Implement the program. 9. Use progress data to modify the program to
improve it. 10. Use results data to document the program's
impact. 11. Thank all who have contributed to the program.12. Disseminate outcomes to all involved and to wider
audiences.
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Summary
Determinants of community health are often multi-layered and interrelated
Practicing the fundamentals of community engagement can help gain a community’s trust and determine a community’s true health needs.
Implementing successful community health programs require thoughtful planning and collaboration with community partners.
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Collaborating Institutions
Department of Public HealthBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
Center for Public Health Continuing EducationUniversity at Albany School of Public Health
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Advisory Committee
Mike Barry, CAELorrie Basnight, MDNancy Bennett, MD, MSRuth Gaare Bernheim, JD, MPHAmber Berrian, MPHJames Cawley, MPH, PA-CJack Dillenberg, DDS, MPHKristine Gebbie, RN, DrPHAsim Jani, MD, MPH, FACP
Denise Koo, MD, MPHSuzanne Lazorick, MD, MPHRika Maeshiro, MD, MPHDan Mareck, MDSteve McCurdy, MD, MPHSusan M. Meyer, PhDSallie Rixey, MD, MEdNawraz Shawir, MBBS
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APTR
Sharon Hull, MD, MPHPresident
Allison L. LewisExecutive Director
O. Kent Nordvig, MEdProject Representative