Module 6Greening ICT Equipment

Diarmuid Ó Briain

28 March 2017

Green ICT Workshop

EACO Working Group 1027 – 29 March 2017

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Learning Objectives

● By the end of this module you should be able to:– List the four steps in the ICT environment required to provide a

high quality service while minimising energy and material consumption and toxic dispersion

– Breakdown the assessment into energy and materials consumption

– Classify and separate the consolidation step into servers/cloud, desktop computers and thin clients, imaging equipment

– Consider the importance of supplies inventory management in the chain of energy conservation

– Discuss innovative factors to reduce energy and materials consumption

– Recognise management as a key final step in the overall effort to minimise energy and material consumption and toxic dispersion.

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Introduction

● End-user ICT equipment– Consumes a considerable quantity of energy and

materials, and introduces toxic substances into the ecosphere.

– Distributed across floors in buildings, campuses, cities, countries and in the case of multi-nationals even globally.

● Effective management necessary or– Service degradation

– Energy and material resources consumed.

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Introduction

● ICT environment to provide a high quality service while minimising consumption and toxic dispersion:– Assess

– Consolidate

– Innovate

– Manage.

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Assess - Power consumption

● Distribution Line Carrier (DLC) System

– 9 - 500 kHz

– Data rate ~ 576 kbit/s● Device Language Message specification (DLMS)● COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering (COSEM)

Smartmeter Data concentrator

DLMS/COSEM

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Assess - Power consumption

● Centralised monitoring and control of power consumption and thermal output.

● HP ProLiant servers

– Insight Power Manager (IPM).● Dell PowerEdge

– OpenManage Power Center.

HP ProLiant ServersDell PowerEdge Servers

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Assess - ICT management & Monitoring tools

● Nagios– Industry standard enterprise-grade ICT

infrastructure monitoring tool. ● Cacti

– Network graphing solution.● SNMP

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Assess - Desktop energy budget calculation

● Electricity is charged at 815.9 UGX / KWh● Assumptions:

– Business day = 8 hours

– Business week = 5 days

– Business year = 50 weeks

– Number of computers in business = 500

Item Formula Value

Desktop computer + monitor 100 W (0.1 kW) 0.1 kW

Hours per week 9 hrs x 5 days 45 hours

Power consumed weekly 45 hrs x 0.1 kW 4.5 kWh

Power consumption in year 4.5 kWh x 50 wks 225 kWh

Total power consumption in year 225 kWh x 500 112,500 kWh

Power consumption cost in year 112,500 kWh x 815.9 UGX / KWh 91,788,750 UGX

30% left powered on:

The new electricity bill is:

167,055,525 UGX

An unnecessary increase of 82%

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Assess - Consumable

● A product is one that gets used up, that is, it can spoil, or has a life.

● Something that consumers buy recurrently because they are used up or discarded.

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Assess - Non-consumable

● An item that can be used without altering its substance except for natural deterioration over time.

● Capital goods.

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Assess - Consumption – Simple method

● Assess materials consumption by:● Counting the number of non-consumable items● Measuring the consumption rate of consumable

items over time● Compare these numbers to the number of users

and services over time.

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Assess - Consumption – Detailed method

● Input/Output Analysis (IOA).– Pre-calculation of a set of input data related to the

operation of equipment ● i.e. annual consumption of electricity, natural gas,

petroleum, and paper.

– Estimation of the resource input on the basis of IOA using macro analysis in the form of a physical input-output table

● i.e. financial data such as annual investments, equipment purchases, or revenue.

– Post-calculation including a summation of the pre-calculated and estimated data and allocation of the summation to material groups.

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Assess - Identify waste

● An assessment may reveal obvious unnecessary consumption of energy and materials, particularly: – During high consumption period

– During peak consumption periods

– After business hours.

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Consolidate - Servers

● Own server infrastructure– Costs

– Hardware

– Power consumption

– Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC). ● Local Data Centre

– Minimise the power consumption per unit

– Additionally power and transit security.

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Consolidate – Total Cost of Ownership

● License & Subscription.● Installation and setup.● Customisation & Integration.● Other considerations

– Data migration, training, maintenance and support.

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Consolidate - SBCTC

● A Desktop PC can use over 3 times more energy than a SBCTC.

Network

Internet

Virtualisation

Thin clients

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Consolidate – Imaging equipment

● Accumulation of ancillary equipment– Printers, copiers and scanners.

● Communal imaging docks.

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Consolidate – Supplies inventory

● Over stocking spares inventory can prove costly– Obsolescence, shelf life.

● Economic value of supplies inventory becomes one of the largest components of warehouse cash flow.

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Innovate – Energy Consumption

● Incorporate the latest innovations in sustainable design and technology into ICT equipment to further reduce costs and energy and materials consumption.

● ICT equipment

– Worldwide electricity consumption is at 3%

– ICT electricity consumption ● Communication networks 10%● Personal computers 5%● Data Centres 4%

– Need for energy-efficiency research across all these domains, rather than focusing on any single one.

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Innovate – Reduce energy consumption

● Select the appropriate ICT equipment– Appropriate right-sized item not “big is better”

approach● They are often cheaper to purchase because they

are lower capacity● They operate near their design loads, which can

make them up to twice as energy efficient as oversized equipment operating at low load

● They emit less heat and thus contribute less to cooling load

● They are generally smaller, lighter and safer to handle.

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Innovate – Reduce energy consumption

● Select ICT equipment with the right features like: – Sleep and wake speed

● Standby mode is more likely to be used with fast sleep and wake speeds.

– Computers● Not all tasks require high performance computers with large

monitors.

– Imaging equipment● Print speed, colour diversity, colour intensity, page count and ink

melting point. ● Ink-jet printers consume about 90 percent less energy than laser

printers.

– Combined function machines● Combine the function of a printer, fax, scanner and photocopier

consumes substantially less energy and requires less space.

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Innovate – PM Strategies

● PM benefits, including:– Reduced heat production which leads to lower fan speeds

and hence quieter and more efficient operation

– Increased battery life in mobile equipment.● The spectrum of PM strategies:

– Simply turning off equipment after hours

– Setting equipment to: ● Consume minimal power when in use ● Turn off after a period of inactivity.

– A desktop computer with an 18” LCD monitor uses 2.5 times more energy when the PM is disabled, than when PM is in the ‘energy saving’ setting.

– Scripts to safely hibernate computers.

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Innovate – PM Options

● Processors– PM features that can dynamically adjust the voltage and clock speed

– Can reduce energy consumption and heat generation by up to 40%.● System BIOS

– Dynamic energy consumption adjustment via sleep states:● Standby (only processor halted)● Suspend to RAM standby (only RAM operating, < 5 W power) ● Suspend to disk hibernation (only hard disk operating) ● Soft off state (almost off but can wake from external input, < 2 W

power).

– Dynamic system cooling● Control the internal thermal environment● Control acoustic levels● Throttling, reducing clock speed to reduce heat generation.

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Innovate – Low energy ICT equipment

● Processors

– Thermal Design Power (TDP) refers to the amount of power/heat a cooling system is expected to dissipate to prevent overheating (Watts).

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Innovate – Low energy ICT equipment

● Monitors● LCD technology over CRT monitors.● Power supplies

– Mainstream power supplies are typically 80% efficient

– Level VI standards and CoC Tier 1 and Tier 2.● Storage memory

– HDD vs. SDD.● Computers

– SBCTC, low processing power and few components

– 3 times more energy efficient than a desktop computer.● Communication technologies

– Teleworking:● Video conference systems ● Voice Over IP (VoIP) ● Distributed computing

– Large and complex calculations decomposed and performed in different geographical locations.

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Innovate – Materials consumption

● Reduce equipment mass and size.● Use innovative and renewable or recycled materials. ● Replace potentially harmful materials. ● Eliminate ‘materials of concern’:

– Compliance:● RoHS.

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Innovate – Eco-labels

● Identify low-energy, low-materials and low-toxicity ICT equipment– US EPA Electronic Product Environmental

Assessment Tool (EPEAT)

– EU Ecolabel

– National eco-labels.

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Manage – Manage & monitor ICT

● Continuously managing and monitoring for opportunities to:– Replacing inefficient ICT equipment when cost

effective

– Ensuring appropriate EoL processing of the replaced equipment

– Recycling spent print cartridges and paper

– Monitoring and reporting energy and material consumption

– Sustainable purchasing and procurement policies

– Scheduling non-critical, high-energy activities out of peak periods.

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Manage – Assess cost effectiveness

● Energy costs● Alternative uses for the replaced equipment● The impact on user productivity when running

newer software● Technical staff costs, including salary,

infrastructure and transport.

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Manage – Desktop energy management

● Checklist

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Manage – Desktop energy management

● Checklist

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Class Assignment

● Daxor “Micro-loan” Credit Limited (DCL) is a small loan bank recently offering services in East Africa from Uganda.

● As a manager within the ICT department at the company you have been asked to lead a new “Greening of ICT equipment” initiative at the company.

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Class Assignment

● Your initial tasks are:

– Consider the make-up of your team. Who should be in it?

– Carry out a risk assessment and log the top 6 risks the team identify and:

● the impact of each risk should it materialise● the probability rating of each risk happening● assign an impact rating should the risk occur

Probability

Impact

● Using a Probability and Impact Matrix Tool (PIMT) establish a priority rating for each of the risks listed.

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Thank you