module 2: mainstreaming gender into climate change ... · module 2: mainstreaming gender into...

M O D U L E 2 : M A I N S T R E A M I N G G E N D E R I N T O C L I M A T E C H A N G E P R O J E C T S , P R O G R A M M E S A N D P O L I C I E S .

T H E P A C I F I C G E N D E R & C L I M A T E C H A N G E T O O L K I T

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Key messages

• Gender mainstreaming follows a similar process to climate change mainstreaming by systematicallyintegratingagenderperspectiveintoeveryphaseoftheprogramme,projectandpolicycycle.

• Phase1:Preparatory–Itiscrucialthatagenderperspectiveisintegratedintothisearlyphaseoftheclimateriskmanagementcycletoensurethesuccessofanyclimatechangeinitiative.Theinstitutionsresponsibleforcoordinatingandsteeringtheprogramme,projectorpolicyshouldbeabletoidentifyandplanforthetypeofsupporttheyrequireinintegratinggenderthroughoutthevariousphasesofthecycle.

• Phase2:Situationalanalysis–Anassessmentofthedifferencesinmen’sandwomen’sroles,responsibilities,accesstoandmanagementofstrategicresources,andparticipationindecisionmakingshouldbeundertakentocontributetoabetterunderstandingofvulnerabilityandcapacitytoadapttoclimatechangeimpacts.

• Phase3:Problemanalysis–Genderperspectivesareappliedtouncoverrootcausesofinequality,includinganydiscriminatoryattitudes,behavioursandpracticesthatmaypreventwomenfromrealisingtheirrightsandopportunities.Byexaminingtheunderlyingcausesindetail,itispossibletoidentifyrisksthatneedtobeavoided,minimisedormanaged.

• Phase4:Solutionanalysis–Solutionsorinterventionoptionsareassessedthroughagenderlenstomakesuretheycontributetothereductioninvulnerabilityandinequalities,andidentifystrategiesforenhancingcapacitiesandopportunitiesnecessaryforachievingbothclimateresilienceandgenderequality.

• Phase5:Design–DesigndocumentsandM&Eframeworksshouldincorporateagenderperspective,andinclude indicators and processes tomeasure the effectiveness of the programme, project or policy inaddressinggenderinequalitiesthathinderresiliencetoclimatechange.

• Phase6:ImplementationandM&E–Genderperspectivesmustbeconsciouslyexaminedandintegratedinimplementation,M&Eandreporting.

• Phase7:Adaptivemanagement–Ongoingreviewandfeedbackfromkeystakeholdersaresoughttoensureclimatechangeinitiativesareadjustedandimprovedtoincreasetheireffectivenessinachievingresilienceandgenderequalityoutcomes.Programmeresultsandlessonslearntinmainstreaminggenderintoclimatechangeinitiativesshouldbecommunicatedtorelevantstakeholderstoinfluencepoliticaldecisionsandtheformulationofclimatechangeadaptationandmitigationpolicies.

Module 2: Mainstreaming gender into climate change projects, programmes and policies.

Source:SPREP,2014


M O D U L E 2 : M A I N S T R E A M I N G G E N D E R I N T O C L I M A T E C H A N G E P R O J E C T S , P R O G R A M M E S A N D P O L I C I E S .02

Introduction Climatechangemainstreamingisaboutintegratingclimaterisksintodevelopmentplanningprocessesanddecisionmaking(PACC,2014).Gendermainstreamingfollowsasimilarprocessbysystematicallyintegratinggenderintoeverystepoftheprocess:fromdefiningtheproblemtoidentifyingpotentialsolutions;inthemethodologyandapproachtoimplementingtheproject;instakeholderanalysisandthechoiceofpartners;indefiningtheobjective,outcomes,outputs,andactivities;inthecompositionoftheimplementationandmanagementteam;throughthebudgetingprocess;inmonitoringandevaluation(M&E);andinpolicydialogue.

This Module provides guidance for climate change practitioners to recognise where and how genderconsiderationsshouldbetakenintoaccountaspartoftheprocessofmainstreamingclimateriskinpolicies,plans,andon-the-groundactivities.Todothis,itusestheprogramme/project/policycycleusedinMainstreamingClimateChangeintoDevelopmentinthePacific:APracticalGuide(PACC,2014).

Note the recommendations on applying a gender-responsive approach throughout this Module may berepetitive;thisisbyintentiontoassistclimatechangepractitionerstoembedgenderequalityintoallstagesoftheclimatechangeprogramme/project/policy.

Module Objectives1. Introducetheframeworkforintegratingagenderperspectiveintotheclimateriskmanagementcycle.2. Provideguidanceandchecklistsforincorporatingagenderperspectiveintoeachstageofthecycle.3. Identifyusefulchecklists,toolsandresourcestosupportgendermainstreaming(refertotheendofthis toolkit)

Womenandmendifferintheirroles,responsibilities,accesstoandmanagementofresources,andparticipationindecisionmaking.Becausegenderinequalitycontributestopeople’svulnerabilityandseriouslyhampersacountry’scapacitytoadapttotheadverseimpactsofclimatechange,itisvitalthatclimatechangeprogrammesandprojectsaregenderresponsive:theyneedtoincludestrategiesandactionsthatdirectlyaddressthecausesofgenderinequality.

Source:Goulding,2014



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Mainstreaming gender throughout the policy, programme and project cycle

Figure1illustratesthekeystagesofanintegratedclimateriskmanagementprocess,takenfromMainstreamingClimate Change into Development in the Pacific: A Practical Guide (PACC, 2014). It is based on a policyformulationcycle,howeveritcanalsobeappliedtoclimatechangeprogrammesandprojects.Theredlettersrepresentvarioustoolsthatunderpinkeytechnicalanalysesassociatedwithclimateriskmanagement.

Figure1.StrategiclevelclimateriskmainstreamingmethodologybasedonacombinedCRMandpolicycycle:keyphases,andrespectivedecisionsandoutputs.Source:PACC(2014).

Wecanapplyagenderlenstoeachphaseoftheintegratedclimateriskmanagementcycle.Todothis,weneedtoaskthefollowingquestionsateachphase:• Howhavemenandwomenparticipatedinthedecision-makingandpriority-settingprocess?• Domenandwomenhaveequalaccesstoinformation,opportunitiesandotherresourcesnecessaryto participateandbenefitfully?• Aretheirrespectiveneedsandprioritiesbeingmet?• Aretheirspecificknowledgeandskillsbeingutilisedtocontributetooutcomesandsolutions?• Havetheneedsofspecificsub-groupsbeentakenintoaccount(e.g.boys,girls,womenwithdisabilities, malelabourers)?• Whatstrategiesareinplacetoachievegenderequalityandbringaboutpositiveandrespectfulrelations betweenmenandwomen?

1 AWeatherandclimatehazardassessment;BVulnerabilityassessment;CDisasterriskanalysis;DIdentificationofclimate changeadaptationstrategiesandmeasures;ERiskreductionanalysis;FCostbenefitandotheranalysisofmeasuresand selectionofpreferredmeasure.

Politicalandstakeholdersupport,institutionalsetupand

technicalexpertise

Changesandadjustments:adaptive

management

Identicationofcurrentweatherandclimaterisksandunderlying

causesofvulnerability

Understandingoflocal

economic,socialand

environmentalcontextofclimateriskmanagement

Phase 7: Adaptive managementReview,feedbackandadjust

Phase 2: Situational analysisUnderstandlocalcontext,climatechangeplusotherriskanddriversA, B

Phase 1: Preparatory

Laythefoundation

STRATEGIC LEVELMAINSTREAMING:integratedclimateriskmanagementandmethodology

basedonpolicycycle

Phase 6: Implementation,monitoring and evaluation

Implementation,M&EandreportingA, B, C, E

Phase 5: Design instrument

5a.Exists:useclimatelenstoreviewandreviseinstrument5b.Doesnotexist:designinstrument

fromscratch

Phase 4: Solution analysisSolutionidentication,assessment,decision

makingcriteria,prioritisationandselectionofadaptationinitiative

D,E, F

Development/riskreductionoutcomesreportson

performance

Appropriatedesignofstrategiclevelpolicyandplanofaction(strategies)

Identicationofresponse

measurestomeetdevelopment

needs,climateriskandotherdriversofrisks.Decisiononpreferred

responseoptionstoimplement

Phase 3: Problem analysisRiskanalysisB, C



Climate change mainstreaming and gender mainstreaming

Gender analysis

Climate change mainstreaming is about integrating climate risks into development planningprocessesanddecisionmaking.Thismeansincorporatingclimateriskconsiderationsintoeveryaspectofthepolicyandprojectdevelopmentprocess.Thisappliestoallkeygovernmentagencies

and sectors (e.g. finance,planning,health, agricultureandenvironment), andall levelsof government (i.e.nationalandsub-national).Thiscanbethoughtofasapplyinga‘climatelens’totheworkthegovernmentisalreadydoing,thatis,analysingeachstageofpolicyandprojectformulationfromaclimateriskperspective.

Similarly,gender mainstreaming isasystematicprocessofintegratingtheneedsandinterestsofbothwomenandmenacrossallstagesofprogrammesandprojects,andinanorganisation’sstructureandmanagement.Itencouragestheparticipationofmenandwomenindefiningobjectivesandplanningsothatdevelopmentactionssatisfytheprioritiesandneedsofbothsexes.Thereforeitmeansapplyinga‘genderlens’togovernmentpoliciesandprojectstoachievegenderequalityandotherkeydevelopmentoutcomes.

Gender analysis isaprocessofexaminingtheroles,knowledge,capacityandassetsofwomenandmen,asthefirststepinplanningefficientdevelopmentstrategies,programmesandprojectsthat address bothmen’s andwomen’s needs, and reduce the inequalities that exist between

them.Genderanalysisisusedtodesign,implement,monitorandevaluateprogrammeinterventionsandpolicydecisionstomakesurethediverseneedsofwomenandmenareaddressed,thatgenderinequalityistackled,andthatprogrammesdonotexacerbategenderinequality.

In the case of climate change programmes, a gender analysis will help identify the multiple causes ofvulnerability,includinggenderinequality.Italsocontributestotheidentificationofthediversecapacitiesandknowledgewithincommunitiesandhouseholdsthatcanbetappedtoadapttoclimatechangeandtohelpdevelop adaptation strategies that aremore responsive to the capacities, needs andpriorities of the localpeople.

This Module discusses in detail how to integrate gender considerations into each phase of the climateriskmanagement cycle. It also contains genderanalysis checklists and identifies specific tools to guide themainstreamingofgenderintoclimatechangeprogrammes,projectsandpolicies.



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Phase 1: Preparatory phaseThe preparatory phase helps to lay the political,organisational, and institutional foundation to integrateclimate risk management into policies, plans and on-thegroundactions.

Integrating gender into this early phase of the climateriskmanagement process is crucial for the success of anyclimate change initiative. The institutions responsible forcoordinatingandsteeringtheprogramme,projectorpolicyshouldidentifyandplanforthetypeofsupporttheyrequirein integrating gender throughout the various phases ofthecycle.Partnersshouldbechosenthatcanprovidethatsupport.Ifnecessary,awarenessraisingandtrainingshouldbeprovidedtostakeholderstoensurethatfromtheoutset,thereisacommonunderstandingaboutgenderequalityanditsrelevancewithintheclimatechangecontext.

Preparatorysteps Expectedoutputs Howtoapplyagenderperspective

Keyguidingquestions

1.1RaiseAwareness Improvedunderstandingandsecuredpoliticalsupport

Ensurefromthebeginningthatawarenessmaterialsproducedexplainthatclimatechangeaffectseverybodybutgenderinequalityisafactorofvulnerabilityandanadditionalconstrainttoadaptation;womenandmenaredifferentlyaffectedbecauseoftheirroles,responsibilities,accesstoandmanagementofresources,andparticipationindecisionmaking

• Howdoesclimatechangeaffectmenandwomen?

• Aretheredifferencesinmen’sandwomen’svulnerabilityandadaptivecapacitytoclimatechange?

• Arethereexistinggenderinequalitiesthatmaybeexacerbatedbyclimatechangeimpacts?

1.2 Establishstakeholdersupport,includingpoliticalsupport

Securedcross-agencyandotherstakeholderengagementandsupport

Institutionalarrangementsforcoordinationofclimatechangeprogrammesshouldincludetheministryresponsibleforwomen,civilsocietyorganisations,andnon-governmentalorganisationsresponsibleforhumanrights/women’srights

• Arekeystakeholdersengagedintheproject?Whattypeofsupportcantheyprovide?

1.3 Establishappropriateinstitutionalarrangements,includinggovernmentandnon-governmentstakeholderengagementinthedecision-makingprocesses

Interagencycommitteesandstakeholdergroupsestablishedtoguideandsupportmainstreaming

• Whatrole/resourceswillkeystakeholdersbringtotheproject?


technicalexpertise




Laythefoundation


basedonpolicycycle





fromscratch



D,E, F




Gender and climate change checklistTool2:Vulnerabilityandadaptationassessment–integratinggender

Thereisoftenatendencytothinkaboutgenderonlyinrelationtoonon-thegroundinitiatives,andnothowgenderperspectivescanbeaddressed inpolicy,planning, institutional,andgovernancearrangements. Addressing gender in a holistic way requires thinking about how governancemechanisms,policiesandplansframethewayinwhichinitiativesareundertaken.Thisiswhyitis

importanttoincorporategenderfromtheverybeginningoftheclimateriskmanagementcycle,toestablishasolidfoundationforallstakeholders.

In recognizing that men and women face different social, economic and environmental situations gender issues are to be considered in all planning and implementation processes. A better understanding of the vulnerabilities and capacities of different gender groups to deal with climate change is to be promoted.

FijiClimateChangePolicy–PolicyPrinciple10

Preparatorysteps Expectedoutputs Howtoapplyagenderperspective

Keyguidingquestions

1.4 Identifytypesofscientificinformation,analysisandexpertsupportthatmayberelevant

Technicalcommitteeestablishedtohelpaccessandanalysedata,andprovidetechnicalinputs

Thismustalsoincludetheidentificationofsocio-economicinformationandanalysis;andwhoholdsthisinformation,andifthereareanyinformationgaps

• Arethereexistingsocio-economicdatathatmayberelevantfortheproject?Howcanthedatabeaccessedorobtained?

• Whatadditionaldataneedtobegatheredbytheproject?

1.5Identifystrategiclevelformainstreaming

Establishappropriateinstitutionalarrangements,includinggovernmentandnon-governmentstakeholderengagementinthedecision-makingprocesses

Interagencycommitteesandstakeholdergroupsestablishedtoguideandsupportmainstreaming



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Phase 2: Situational analysisThepurposeofthisphaseistounderstandthedevelopmentcontext, current weather and climate risks, and projectedclimatechangescenarios.

The initial analysis of thedevelopment situationwill oftenstart by examining the relevant climate change scenarios,theirimpactonphysicalinfrastructureandecosystems,andthe resulting consequences for people and communities.It is also likely to include a stocktake of existing policies,strategies,institutionalarrangements,andproposedpriorityactionstodealwiththeseimpacts.

Aspartofthisinitialanalysisitisimportanttoincludeanassessmentofgenderrolesingeneral,andthesectorspecificroles,knowledge,capacityandassetsofmenandwomenwhereaprogrammewillbeimplemented.This analysis contributes to a better understanding of the social dimensions of climate change impacts byidentifyingthesocialinequalitiesandgapswhichcontributetoindividualvulnerability,aswellastheassetsandcapacitieswhichwillhelppeopletocopewithenvironmentalstresses.

Inmanycases,informationrelatingtogenderissuesislacking.However,nationalgenderequalitypoliciesandplansareausefulsourceforprovidingabroadoverviewofkeygenderissuesandpriorities.Thisinformationcanthenbeappliedtoinformthedevelopmentsituation;anyinformationgapsorpotentialrisksorimpactsspecifictoparticulargroupswithinsocietycanbeflaggedforfurtherresearchandanalysis.


technicalexpertise




Laythefoundation


basedonpolicycycle





fromscratch



D,E, F


Situationanalysissteps Expectedoutputs Howtoapplyagenderperspective

Keyguidingquestions

2.1Understandthecountry’sdevelopmentcontext

A status report on:- Economic, social

and environmental context, together with institutional and political environment

- Current weather and climate context

- Projected climate change scenarios

AgenderanalysismustformakeycomponentofasituationalanalysisandbeincludedinthestatusreportGenderinequality,withinthebroadersocio-economiccontext,maybeadriverofvulnerabilityasitinfluencesrolesandresponsibilities,accesstoresourcesandinformation,participationindecision-makingprocesses,andbarrierstotherealisationofhumanrights

• Whataretheinequalitiesthatexistbetweendifferentgroups?

• Howdotheinequalitiesaffectclimatechangevulnerability?

• Howdotheinequalitiesaffectpeople’scapacitytoadapttoclimatechange?



Situationanalysissteps Expectedoutputs Howtoapplyagenderperspective

Keyguidingquestions

2.2 Understandcurrentweatherandclimaterisks

A status report on:- Economic, social

and environmental context, together with institutional and political environment

- Current weather and climate context

- Projected climate change scenarios

Different people may highlight different risks and impacts of weather based on their particular roles, knowledge, and experiences. It is important to consider and include these different perspectives because it gives a broader picture of the issues and the capacitiesLocal knowledge, in addition to scientific information, must be considered in assessing climate risks as it may indicate groups that are more vulnerable or have greater capacity to adapt than others

• Howdotheidentifiedrisksaffectdifferentgroups?

2.3 Understandprojectedclimatechangescenarios

• Basedontheprojectedclimatechangescenarios,whatimpactwilltheyhaveondifferentgroupsinthecommunity?

• Whatknowledgeand/orcopingstrategiesarecurrentlyusedbythedifferentgroups?

Gender and climate change checklistTool1:Weatherandclimatehazardassessment–integratinggenderTool2:Vulnerabilityandadaptationassessment–integratinggenderTool2.2:Divisionoflabourandactivitymatrix

Climatechangestrategiesorprogrammesareoftenassumedtobegenderneutral–benefittingeveryone equally. However, when programmes do not acknowledge the differences betweenpeople,and thesocial,economic, culturalandpolitical inequalities thatexistbetweenmenandwomen, there is a high risk of inducing discrimination and or exacerbating vulnerability (i.e.maladaptation).

Itisoftenthecasethatagenderanalysisisnotconductedatthebeginningoftheproject,andifitisdone,itistaggedonasanafterthought.Thismissesagoodopportunitytogatherinformationandknowledgetohelpstrengthenprojectdesignandmakeoutcomesmoreeffective.Theanalysisshouldbeconductedintheearlyphasesoftheclimateriskmanagementcycle.



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Phase 3: Problem analysisThe purpose of this phase is to understand the hazardsandrisksposedbycurrentclimateandbyprojectedfutureclimate,andgapsincurrentdisasterriskmanagement.Thishelps to better understand the nature and extent of theclimateriskandtoprovideafoundationfordecisionmaking.

Inthisphase,genderperspectivescanbeappliedtouncoverroot causes of inequality, including any discriminatoryattitudes,behavioursandpracticesthatmaypreventwomenfrom realising their rights andopportunities.Byexaminingtheunderlyingcausesindetail,itispossibletoidentifyrisksthat need to be avoided,minimised ormanaged, and thepotentialfortheclimatechangeinitiativetobringaboutpositivechangeforwomenandmenandthelong-termresilienceofhouseholds,communitiesandcountries.

Gender and climate change checklistTool2:Vulnerabilityandadaptationassessment–integratinggenderTool2.1:ProblemTreeAnalysis–diggingdeeperTool2.2:Divisionoflabourandactivitymatrix

Assessing vulnerability to climate risks is not just about assessing scientific information nor is itaboutthelocationofpeopleorinfrastructure.Theunderlyingcausesofvulnerabilitymayberootedin social issues such as a lack of access to information due to exclusion from decision-makingprocesses.Adetailed situationandproblemanalysis thatexamines social structurescanhelp toidentifytheseunderlyingcauses.Inthiscasetheissuetoaddresswouldbewhycertaingroupsare

excludedfromaccessinginformationtheyneedtomakeinformeddecisions–andhowcanwedevisestrategiestoensuretheinformationreachesthem?

Source:SPC/GIZ,2013


technicalexpertise




Laythefoundation


basedonpolicycycle





fromscratch



D,E, F




Problemanalysissteps Expectedoutputs Howtoapplyagenderperspective

Keyguidingquestions

3.1Analysecurrentweatherandclimaterisks,otherdriversofrisks,includingrootcauses

Astatusreporton:• Currentweatherand

climaterisksandotherdriversofriskandrootcauses

• Gapsindisasterriskmanagement

• Projectedclimaterisksandvulnerability

Decisionsaboutpriorityriskstotargetthroughtheproject,programmeorpolicy

Existingsocialinequalitiesmaybeanunderlyingdriverofriskandshouldbehighlightedaspartofavulnerabilityassessment

• Areexistinginequalitiesbetweendifferentgroupsincludedinthevulnerabilityassessment?

3.2Assessgapsincurrentdisasterriskmanagement

Attentionshouldbepaidtoensuringthatallrelevantstakeholdersparticipateintheprocessofidentifyinggapsandassessingrisks.Existingcopingstrategiesshouldbedocumented.Differentpeoplemayidentifyandprioritisedifferentrisks.Theymayhavedifferentknowledgeandskillstorespondtotheserisks.Agenderanalysiscanhelpuncoverthesedifferences

• Areallgroupsinvolvedinidentifyingandassessingrisks?

• Areknowledgeandcopingstrategiesofdifferentgroupsdocumentedandassessed?

• Whatgapsexistincurrentcopingstrategiesanddevelopmentneeds?

3.3Assessprojectedweatherandclimaterisks,andotherdriversofrisks

Sex-disaggregateddatashouldbecollectedtoprovideadetailedassessmentofdifferencesinrisks,experiencesandcopingstrategiesbetweenmen,women,boysandgirls

• Whatgapsexistincurrentcopingstrategiesanddevelopmentneeds?



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Phase 4: Solution analysis The purpose of this phase is to identify options to reducetheidentifiedclimaterisks.Theoptionscanbeinterventionsapplicabletonationalstrategy,sectorpolicyand/oron-the-ground activities. There is more than one way to solve aclimatechangeordevelopmentproblem.Itisimportantthatallpossibleoptionsareidentifiedandproperlyconsideredsothatthemosteffectiveoptionisselected.

For the integration of gender in this phase of the climateriskmanagement cycle, ‘options’ will include strategies toreducevulnerabilitytoclimatechange,aswellasstrategiesfor enhancing capacities and opportunities necessary forachievingbothclimateresilienceandgenderequality.Therefore,optionsneedtobedevelopedtofulfilthisdualpurposetoensuretheinterventionscontributetopositivedevelopmentoutcomes.

Optionidentificationsteps

Expectedoutputs Howtoapplyagenderperspective

Keyguidingquestions

4.1Selectadaptationpathway

Briefreportoutliningprocessfollowedandbasisforidentifyingmainoptions

Ensurethatbothmen’sandwomen’sabilities,knowledgeandskillsareconsideredintheidentificationofriskreductionoptions

Ensurethattherearesuitableopportunitiesforthegenuineparticipationofallmembersofsocietyinidentifyingandprioritisingoptions

Ensureappropriateattentionispaidtothesocialcontext(inadditiontophysicalscience)inidentifyingfeasibleoptions

Avoidreinforcingtraditionalgenderstereotypes.Activelyseeknewopportunitiesforbothmenandwomenthatmaychallengethesestereotypesandotherinequalities,toestablishpositivegenderrelations

• Havemen’sandwomen’sabilities,knowledgeandskillsbeendocumented?

• Areallgroupsinvolvedinidentifyingandprioritisingoptions?

• Isthebroadersocialcontextconsideredintheidentificationofoptions?

• Whatspecificsocialconditionswillaffectthefeasibilityofoptions?

• Arethereopportunitiestochallengegenderstereotypesandincreasepositivegenderrelationsthroughtheidentifiedoptions?


technicalexpertise




Laythefoundation


basedonpolicycycle





fromscratch



D,E, F




Optionidentificationsteps

Expectedoutputs Howtoapplyagenderperspective

Keyguidingquestions

4.2Identifyrelevantadaptationstrategiesandmeasures

Keyadaptationanddevelopmentmeasuresidentifiedforfurtheranalysis

Includecriteriaforequalitytoensureproposedmeasuresareassessedintermsoftheireffectivenessinaddressinginequalitiesbetweenandwithingroups.Theconsequencesofselectingoptionsthataregenderblindorgendersensitiveshouldbeconsideredandassessed

• Isgenderequalityincludedinthecriteriaforassessingtheeffectivenessofoptions?

Solutionanalysissteps Expectedoutputs Genderperspective Keyguidingquestions

4.3Prioritisestrategiesandselectpreferredadaptationmeasures

Keyadaptationmeasuresanalysedusingcost-benefitanalysisand/orotherassessments,andpreferredoption(s)selected

Costsandbenefitsshouldbedisaggregatedaccordingtovarioussocialgroupswherepossible,includingwomen,men,girlsandboys

Qualitativeinformationaboutthedistributionofcostsandbenefitsacrosssocialgroupsshouldberecorded,andusedtosupportthequantitativeanalysis

Cleardocumentationshouldbeprovidedregardingtheprocessofselectingthepreferredoptionsincludingwhethertherewereanygender-baseddifferencesinprioritiesexpressedbystakeholders,andhowtheyweretakenintoaccount

• Aretheoutcomesofthecost−benefitanalysisassessedforeachsocialgroup?

• Areageandgenderconsideredinthedistributionofcostsandbenefits?

• Istheprocessforselectingthepreferredoptionsproperlydocumented?

• Whatdecisionsaremadeinrelationtoaddressinggender-baseddifferencesinpriorities?



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Whenconsideringoptionsitisimportanttoreflectonwhoisprovidinginputintotheidentificationand selectionofoptions.As individualsweoftenapproachaproblemwithpreconceived ideasaboutwhatthesolutionsshouldbe.Itisthereforeimportanttogetawiderangeofviewsintothisstagetoensurevalidoptionsarenotoverlooked.

GenderandclimatechangechecklistTool2:Vulnerabilityandadaptationassessment–integratinggenderTool2.3:AdaptivecapacityassessmentmatrixTool2.4:Adaptationplanning–needsassessmentmatrixTool3:Feasibilityassessment–integratinggenderTool4:Cost−benefitanalysis(CBA)framework–integratinggender

Source:SPC,2013



Phase5steps Expectedoutputs Howtoapplyagenderperspective Keyguidingquestions

5.1a‘Climate-proof’anexistingstrategicdocumentbasedontheresultsofPhases2,3and4

5.1bDevelopanationalclimatechangepolicyorotherstrategicclimatechangedocumentusingtheresultsofPhases2,3and4

‘Climate-proofed’strategicdocument(NSDS,sectoralplan/programmeofwork,policy,and/orcorporateplans)

AclearlydesignedstrategicdocumentthatshowsverticallinkagesacrossNSDS,climatechangepolicy,nationalactionplan,andsectoralprogrammeofwork,and/orcorporateplans

Thedesignoftherelevantinitiativeshouldbeguidedbytheinformationfrompreviousstepsandshouldincorporatetheresultsfromthegenderanalyses

• Aretheresultsofthegenderanalysisincorporatedintothedesigndocument?

Phase 5: DesignThe purpose of this phase is to produce a strategic leveldocument that clearly articulates the country’s policy and/or plan of action. The design document should includeobjectives and outcomes, expected outputs, inputs and abudget.Itshouldalsoincludespecificindicatorsandtargetsforinclusioninamonitoringandevaluation(M&E)plan.

Design documents and M&E frameworks need to takeinto account gender perspectives. They need to includeindicatorsandprocessestomeasuretheeffectivenessoftheprogramme,projectorpolicysothatitbenefitswomenandmenequitablyandsupportsgenderequality.

Forexample,withintheoverallresultsmatrixfortheSCP/GIZCopingwithClimateChangeinthePacificIslandRegion(CCCPIR)programme,severalindicatorsmakeexplicitreferencetomenandwomenandgenderequality.Theseensurethateveryoneinvolvedunderstandsthataddressinggenderissuesiscentraltotheachievementofprogrammeresults.Examplesofindicatorsinclude:• 50%ofmenandwomenintenruralcommunitiesinfivecountriesindicatethattheyaremoreresilientasa

resultofadaptationmeasuresimplementedthroughtheproject.• Multi-sectoral adaptation approaches incorporating principles of gender equality and ecosystem-based

adaptationareimplementedintencommunitiesineightcountries.• OnejointlydevelopedREDD+projectincorporatingtheprinciplesofgenderequalityisimplementedinFiji.


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fromscratch



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1. 5.2Developanimplementationstrategy,includinggovernancearrangement,financingstrategyandmonitoringandevaluation(M&E)strategy

Documentwithclearlyarticulatedimplementationstrategy

Theimplementationstrategyshouldbeinformedbyasituationalanalysisthatincorporatesgenderanalysis

Gendershouldbeintegratedintotheproposedimplementationmechanisms(e.g.technicalassistancesupport,procurementrulesandprocesses,steeringstructures).Iftheimplementingorganisationsrequireadditionaltrainingandcapacitybuilding,thisshouldbecarriedoutatthebeginningoftheimplementationprocess,andcontinuethroughoutthelifeoftheinitiative

Aspecificgenderactionplanwithdefinedstakeholderrolesandresponsibilitiesshouldbedevelopedtoensureidentifiedactivitiesaredeliveredandarereportedagainst

Jobdescriptions/consultancycontractsshouldclearlyincludethescope,outputsandoutcomesspecifictointegratinggenderperspectivesintheprogramme,projectorpolicyimplementation.WithintheM&Estrategyandplan,ensuregenderequalityisexplicitlystatedaspartoftheoverallgoals,objectives,andactivities.Thisway,itwillbemonitoredandreportedonduringprogrammeimplementation.

Indicatorsmustbedisaggregatedbyageandsex,andshouldmeasuretheimpactsonwomenandonmen.



Genderspecialistsareoftenaskedtocontributelateintheprocessofdesigningaproject.Whenthishappensthegenderperspective isoftenseenasan‘additional’component insteadofbeingconsidered as part of the programme. In some cases, sufficient resources may not have beenallocatedtowardsthecostofconductinggenderanalyses.Wherespecificgenderexpertisewillberequired,ensurethatthisisplannedearlyandisbudgetedfortosupporttheprojectdesignprocess.

Gender and climate change checklistTool3:Feasibilityassessment–integratinggenderTool4:Cost−benefitanalysis(CBA)framework–integratinggenderTool5:Policy,programmeandprojectscreeningmatrixTool6:Genderactionplan

Source:SPC-GIZ,2013



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Phase 6: Implementation, and monitoring and evaluation Thepurposeofthisphaseistoimplement,monitor,evaluateandreportonprogressagainstthestatedobjectivesofthepolicyandplanofactionandwithrespecttothecountry’sdevelopmentgoals.

As with all phases of the climate risk management cycle,gender must be fully integrated into implementation andM&E. If the gender perspective is not embedded at everystep, there is the possibility of exacerbating, rather thanreducing, vulnerabilities and inequalities, which can haveserious implications on the effectiveness of a programme,projectorpolicy.Integratinggenderintheimplementationprocessrequirescapableandskilledindividuals,whotakeconsciousstepstomakesuregenderperspectivesareidentified,assessedandactedon.

Similarly,genderequalityshouldbeakeyfocusofallstagesofM&E.GenderexpertsshouldbeengagedintheinitialstagesofaprojecttohelpdesignthemonitoringandevaluationsystemsandtoconductgendertrainingwithM&E specialists. This canhelpensure that theM&Eoutcomes clearly articulatehow theprogramme,projectorpolicyisperforminginachievinggenderequality.


6.1Implementation• Confirmsector/

cross-sectoralprogrammeofactionsidentifiedinPhase5

• Identifyappropriatelysequencedsetofactivitiestobeimplemented,includingleadagenciesandcollaboratingpartners

• Securefunding

LinkedNSDS,climatechangepolicy,nationalactionplan,andorsectoralprogrammeofwork

Theinvolvementofbothmenandwomenatallstagesofimplementationiscrucialtoensuretheinitiativeiseffective,anddrawsonallavailableknowledgeandskills

Particularattentionshouldbepaidtoensurethatwomenareactivelyinvolvedindecision-makingprocesses,andhaveequalaccesstobenefits,forexample,trainingorincome-generatingopportunities

Insomecases,interventionsmayneedtobeadaptedtoovercomeculturalconstraintsthatrestrictwomen’sparticipationindecisionmaking.

• Doallgroupshaveopportunitiestoparticipateindecision-makingprocessesthroughoutallstagesofimplementation?

• Aretherespecificstrategiesinplacetoensurewomen’sparticipationindecisionmaking?


technicalexpertise




Laythefoundation


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fromscratch



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GenderandclimatechangeM&Eisnotonlyaboutsex-disaggregatedindicators.AkeyobjectiveofanyM&Eframework,particularlyforclimatechange,mustbeaboutsharedlearning.Theframeworkshould provide away to evaluate qualitatively howmen andwomen have benefitted from theprogrammeandprovideexamplesofwherewomen’s involvement (or lackof)hasstrengthened(weakened)theprojectoutcomes

Gender and climate change checklistTool2.4:Adaptationplanning–needsassessmentmatrixTool3:Feasibilityassessment–integratinggenderTool4:Cost−benefitanalysis(CBA)framework–integratinggenderTool5:Policy,programmeandprojectscreeningmatrixTool6:Genderactionplan

M&Esteps Expectedoutputs Genderperspective Keyguidingquestions

1. MonitoringandEvaluation,andreporting

RegularM&Ereportsacrossdifferentstakeholdersandalllevelsofgovernment,Reflectingverticalrelationshipbetweenproject,programme,sectorclimatechangepolicygoals,objectivesandstrategiesandNSDS

Sex-andage-disaggregateddataarecollectedandanalysedregularlytoassessprogressagainstgenderindicatorsandtargetsAgenderspecialistshouldbepartoftheindependentevaluationcommitteetoassess:• Therolesofwomenandmenincontributingtotheachievementoftheoutcomes• Howtheprogrammehasaffectedwomenandmen,andthedirectbenefits• Howtheprogrammeempoweredwomenandmenandchallengedexistingpowerrelationsandstereotypes• Sharingchallenges,successesandbestpracticeinintegratinggenderperspectivesintoclimatechangeinitiativessupportscontinuedlearningamongstakeholders,climatechangepractitionersandgenderexperts

• Issex-andage-disaggregateddatacollectedfortheproject?HowwillthedatabeusedforM&E?

• Isthereagenderspecialistontheevaluationcommitteetoassesshowtheprogrammecontributestotheachievementofgenderequalityoutcomes?

• Howwillthekeyoutcomesandlessonslearntbedocumentedandsharedwithinternalandexternalstakeholders?



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Phase7steps Expectedoutputs Howtoapplyagenderperspective

Keyguidingquestions

7.1Reviewandadjustorchangeadaptationpathwayandspecificinstruments

Adjustmentsinstrategiclevelinstrumentasrelevant. Revisedstrategiesandplansofactionsatthenationalandassociatedprovincial/areaactionplans,sectoralplansofaction,andcorporateplansetc.

Ensurethestrategicinstrumentisreviewedbysomeonewithgenderexpertise,preferablysomeonewithknowledgeofthelocalcontext.

• Hastheinstrumentbeenreviewedbyagenderspecialistorasocialscientist?

Gender and climate change checklistTool2.4:Adaptationplanning–needsassessmentmatrixTool4:Cost–benefitanalysis(CBA)Framework–integratinggenderTool5:Policy,programmeandprojectscreeningmatrixTool6:Genderactionplan

Phase 7: Adaptive management Integrating a gender perspective is not optional; it is anessential element of every climate change programme,project or policy process. Whether failing to adoptappropriatetechnologyorconsultingonlywithpeoplewhoturnuptomeetings,anoversightofgenderperspectives–orbeinggenderblind–canhavesignificantimplicationsonintervention outcomes. Therefore, gender mainstreamingisacontinuousprocesswhichrequiresongoingreviewandfeedback from key stakeholders to ensure climate changeinitiatives are adjusted and improved to increase theireffectiveness.

Atapolicylevel,communicatingprogrammeresultsandlessonslearntfrommainstreaminggenderintoclimatechange initiatives can influence political decisions and the formulation of climate change adaptation andmitigationpolicies.Identifyingchampionswhocanbeadvocatesforgenderequalityatnationalandprovincialgovernmentlevelsisimportantforkeepinggenderequalityonthepoliticalagenda.


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References

PACC(PacificAdaptationtoClimateChange).2014.MainstreamingClimateChangeintoDevelopmentinthePacific:APracticalGuide.SPREP,Samoa.

module 2: mainstreaming gender into climate change ... · module 2: mainstreaming gender into...

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