module 10a theory on knowledge and horisontal thinking estimated time: 45+ min
TRANSCRIPT
Write reflection notes all day
Empty your mind of thoughts all the day
One reflection for each paper
Knowledge and creativity
Analogical transferSynthesis
AssociationRetrieval of memory
Combination of existing memoryCombination of knowledge
Weisberg, R. W. (1993). Creativity: Beyond the myth of genius. New York, Freeman
Finke, R. (1990). Creative imagery: Discoveries and inventions in visualisation. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum
Becker, M. (1995). Nineteenth-century foundations of creativity research, Creativity Research Journal, vol. 8, no. 3, 219-229
Activate already existing knowledge
Knowledge may provide the building blocks out of which new ideas are constructed
It is the retrieval of existing structures from memory
that makes it possible to create new ideas
Weisberg R. W. (2007). Creativity and Knowledge: A Challenge to Theories. In Sternberg, J., Handbook of Creativity, Cambridge University Press
Smith, S. M. (1995). Fixation, incubation, and insight in memory and creative thinking. In S. M. Smith, T. B. Ward, & R. A. Finke (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 135–156). Cambrigde, MA: MIT Press.
Expertise blocks creativity
Too much experience within a field may restrict creativity
Past experience is bad when new rules are introduced
De Bono, E. (1968). The Mechanism of Mind, Pelican, 1968.
Frensch, P. A., & Sternberg, R. J. (1989). Expertise and intelligent thinking: When is it worse to know better? In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Advances in the psychology of human intelligence (Vol. 5, pp. 157–188). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Avoid examples
Recently activated knowledge(e.g.. from examples or recent learnings)
becomes an involuntary mental block
Smith, S. M., & Tindell, D. R., (1997). Memory blocks in work fragment completion caused by involuntary retrieval of orthographically similar primes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 23, 355–370
Avoid examples
Even if the students were explicitly told to do as differently as possible from
examples, they developed ideas
very similar to the examples given
Marsh, R. L., Landau, J. D., & Hicks, J. L. (1996). How examples may (and may not) constrain creativity. Journal of Memory & Cognition, 24, 669–680
Postpone analysis of ideas
until it is fully developed
The creative product is not comprehensible or analyzable in terms of
what was known before
Hausman, C. (1984). Discourse on novelty and creation. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Your brain as a mental library
Byrge, C. & Hansen, S. (2009A). The creative platform: A didactic approach for unlimited application of knowledge in interdisciplinary and intercultural groups, European Journal of Engineering Education, 34, 235 — 250
Content of your mental library
Byrge, C. & Hansen, S. (2009A). The creative platform: A didactic approach for unlimited application of knowledge in interdisciplinary and intercultural groups, European Journal of Engineering Education, 34, 235 — 250
teethcare
disciplin
soccer
garden
boatcon-struction
STIMULI: Access to knowledge
Byrge, C. & Hansen, S. (2009A). The creative platform: A didactic approach for unlimited application of knowledge in interdisciplinary and intercultural groups, European Journal of Engineering Education, 34, 235 — 250
harbor
weather
worms
food
fisherhat
Idea generation tools
Lateral thinking (Word-stimuli, Picture-stimuli,Provocation-stimuli)
TRIZ (Principle-stimuli)
Synectics (Person-analogy-stimuli)
Gordon, W. J. (1961). Synextics, New York, Harper
Altshuller, G., Shulyak, L., Rodman, S. & Fedoseev, U. (1997). 40 principles: TRIZ keys to innovation. Technical Innovation Center
de Bono, E. (1992). Using the power of lateral thinking to create new ideas, New York, HarperCollins
The solution to your problemhas already been
found somewhere else
Creativity is about searching your mental library
Altshuller, G. (1986). To find an idea: Introduction to the theory of inventive problem solving. Novosibirsk, Russia: Nauka
Where is the idea
Byrge, C. & Hansen, S. (2009A). The creative platform: A didactic approach for unlimited application of knowledge in interdisciplinary and intercultural groups, European Journal of Engineering Education, 34, 235 — 250
Definition of vertical thinking: Application of knowledge directly related to
problem
Definition of horizontal thinking: Application of knowledge NOT related to
problem
Altshuller, G. (1986). To find an idea: Introduction to the theory of inventive problem solving. Novosibirsk, Russia: Nauka
Vertical vs. Horizontal thinking
Byrge, C. & Hansen, S. (2009A). The creative platform: A didactic approach for unlimited application of knowledge in interdisciplinary and intercultural groups, European Journal of Engineering Education, 34, 235 — 250
Byrge, C. & Hansen, S. (2009A). The creative platform: A didactic approach for unlimited application of knowledge in interdisciplinary and intercultural groups, European Journal of Engineering Education, 34, 235 — 250
teethcare
disciplin
soccer
garden
boatcon-struction
Vertical thinking
Horizontal thinking