modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

13
2/11/2021 1 Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of Labradorite Feldspars Huifang Xu, Shiyun Jin, and Seungyeol Lee University of Wisconsin ‐ Madison Department of Geoscience The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science 01/03/2021 ‐ 15/03/2021 Feldspar Minerals Most abundant Tectosilicate Three end members (Or, Ab, An) Two series Plagioclase Alkali feldspar

Upload: others

Post on 25-May-2022

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

1

Modulated structures  and subsolidusphase relations of Labradorite Feldspars

Huifang Xu, Shiyun Jin, and Seungyeol LeeUniversity of Wisconsin ‐ Madison

Department of Geoscience

The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science01/03/2021 ‐ 15/03/2021

Feldspar Minerals

• Most abundant

• Tectosilicate

• Three end members (Or, Ab, An)

• Two series

• Plagioclase

• Alkali feldspar

Page 2: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

2

Albite (C1) vs Anorthite (I1)

Ab: NaAlSi3O8

(000) (020)

(002) (022)

An: CaAl2Si2O8

(000) (020)

(002) (022)

(011)

c=7Å

c=14Å

T1o: Al

I (0, 0, 0), (½, ½, ½)

C: (0, 0, 0), (½, ½, 0) 

Plagioclase Feldspars in basalt and granite

Page 3: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

3

Plagioclase Feldspars from Canada

A table top at Bruker, Madison

Plagioclase Feldspars: Spectrolite from Finland; Angola Brown

Hyatt Regency, New Orleans

Page 4: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

4

Sunstones from Oregon and Norway

5 mmca b

Oregon State Stone

In volcanic rocks, cooled down fast.

Plagioclase Feldspars from Madagascar and Ukraine (Volga Blue)

Page 5: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

5

Sweden 

• Sweden 

• Red: An52=An56+An46• Blue:An50=An55+An45

Plagioclase Phase Diagram

Anorthite I1-

Albite C1-

Page 6: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

6

Modulated

An: CaAl2Si2O8(Ab: NaAlSi3O8) 

Phase diagram

Structure Models for e‐plagioclase• First discovered in 1940 by Chao and Taylor

• All reported models are lamellar models:

• I1 (An) domains + APBs

• I1 (An) + C1 (Ab) + I1* (An) + C1 (Ab)

• Very different models (Jogodzinski group, 1981; Yamomoto and Morimoto group, 1984 ) were proposed based on exact same set of data

An: CaAl2Si2O8(Ab: NaAlSi3O8) 

Megaw, McConnell, Bailey’s group, Wenk’s group, Jogodzinski’s group, 

Smith & Ribbe, Morimoto’s group, Grove, Toman & Frueh,   

Page 7: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

7

e‐plagioclase problem

Smith & Brown (1988) (page 113) described the problem quite well: “It must be stated that quite frankly, although each group of scientists has produced an impressive set of data and conclusions, there has been no comprehensive attempt to make comparative tests in the true spirit of scientific inquiry. All models appear to contain considerable truth, but it is not clear how much of the ‘elephant’ has been described! The hunters must set up a joint safari, and collect new data at low temperature on specimens which span the entire composition range of e‐plagioclase.” 

Single‐crystal XRD

a(cosψ1−cosϕ1)=hλb(cosψ1−cosϕ2)=kλc(cosψ1−cosϕ3)=lλ

Laue equations

𝑆 𝑆λ

𝑔

Page 8: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

8

Pulsed Neutron  60 Hz

crystal

Neutron Time‐of‐Flight Laue

Combine de Broglie’s equation with Bragg’s law

h

mv ht

m(L1 l2 )sin2)( 21 dlL

h

mt

Neutron Time‐of‐flight Laue

(Wavelength‐resolved Laue)

3‐D Reciprocal  Space Mapping

2d sin

TEM/STEM: a nano‐lab, not just a lens

NSF‐MRI: DMR‐0619368

CharacteristicX-ray (for EDS &EDS Mapping)

GIF (Imaging Filter)

Specimen

Inelastically scattered electrons (for energy-filtered imag EELS, & EELS mappi

Elastically scattered electrons(for electron diffraction, BF, DF, & HRTEM imaging)

Backscatteredelectrons (BSE)

Secondaryelectrons (SE)

Incidenthigh-keV electron beam

1.6 ÅScanning Probe

Annular Detector

Energy (keV)2.0 4.0

690 700 710 720 730 740

100

200

300

400

Energy Loss (eV)

Fe2+

Fe, L2, 3

L2

L3

Fe2+ + Fe3+

I ~ Z2

Z = 33 Z = 31

Z-contrast image

Incoherently scattered electrons(for Z-contrast imaging)

Page 9: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

9

)2α

High‐angle scattered electrons

HAADFdetector

ABF detector

Specimen

Convergent electron beam

Scan coils

Objective aperture

Objective lens

Low‐angle scattered electrons

I ~ Z2

A

B

C

STEM (scanning transmission electron microscope):HAAD (high‐angle annular dark‐filed) imaging, or 

Z‐contrast imaging because of I ~ Z2

Xu et al., 2014a

I1

I1

I1-like

I1-like

Structure from XRDZ-contrast image

Xu, 2016An70

X1All early models are wrong!

No APBs, 

butInversiontwins

Page 10: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

10

e-plagioclase: X1• Intermediate composition

• ~An25 ‐ ~An75

3+1D space group: X1(αβγ)0 superspace group setting, with c~14Å subcell and a centering condition of (0 0 0 0), (½ ½ ½ 0), (0 0 ½ ½), (½ ½ 0 ½) 

q = δh + δk - δl

Xu, Jin, & Noll, 2016Miller index: (hkml)

Wave vector

X1(αβγ)0 

X1(δh δk δl)0 

Page 11: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

11

Structure of a plagioclase (An51): X1Movie: [100]‐zone axis

Jin, & Xu, 2017a

1. Displacement modulation

2. Occupational modulation: Al‐Si occupancies (neutron diffraction)

Page 12: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

12

3. Density modulation (first observation)8 M (Ca+Na) sites within one unit cell

Jin, & Xu, 2017a

An41.8I1

An62.6 I𝟏*

An63.7I𝟏

An52

An52

An52

e1

e2No   vs.   YesDensityModulation

I1*

I1

I1

I1

Fast vs. slowcooling

Page 13: Modulated structures and subsolidus phase relations of

2/11/2021

13

Schematic T‐T‐t diagram: An52

Order parameter increasing

Billion years

Days, wee

ks

Days, wee

ks

Acknowledgements

• NSF – MRI Program (for a FEI Titan 80‐200 series Cs‐corrected FEG‐HRTEM/STEM; EAR Petrology / Geochemistry, Paleontology / Sedimentaology, and Instrumentation Programs)

• NAAS Astrobiology Institute

• US DOE (BES and Subsurface Programs)

• Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation

• Dr. Ilia Guzei (UW‐Madison) and Dr. Bruce Noll (Bruker)