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Modularity in UPS Design –What does it Mean, What are the Pro’s and Con’s?Mike Elms
Technical Manager
Uninterruptible Power Supplies Ltd
www.upspower.co.uk
Modularity in UPS Design –What does it Mean, What are the Pro’s and Con’s?
1995 20162002 2007 2014
From Inefficient, Large-Footprint Transformer UPS…
…To Efficient, Small-Footprint Transformerless UPS
Standalone UPS Technology Innovation
Modular UPS Technology Innovation
Modular
Definition of Modular?
Definition of modular:
Adjective
Employing or involving a module or
modules as the basis of design or
construction
Oxford English dictionary
Modular
Interpretation of Definition of Modular?
100 kWRedundant
Capacity
100 kWRedundant
Capacity
33 kWRedundant
Capacity
33 kWRedundant
Capacity
33 kWRedundant
Capacity
Redundant
Capacity
200kVA N + 1
2 x 200kVA 3 x 100kVA
Modular
Interpretation of Definition of Modular? Bypass Switch
UPS 1
UPS 2
UPS 3
UPS 4
Modular
Interpretation of Definition of Modular?
Power Modules
Static Switch
Rectifier
Modular
Interpretation of Definition of Modular?
Static Switch
Rectifier
Power Modules
UPS Evolution
UPSL Definition of Modular?
==
==
Bypass input
CriticalLoad
Rectifier input
Each module is a
complete UPS:
• IGBT rectifier and inverter
• Control logic and display
• Battery converter
• Static bypass switch
UPS Evolution
UPSL Definition of Modular?
Definition of Modular
De-Centralised Parallel Architecture
• Dual feed rectifier / static switch
• No common static switch
• No common control logic
Rectifier
input
Output to
the
critical
load
Bypass
input
=
===
UPS module
Control logic
DISPLAY
=
===
UPS module
Control logic
DISPLAY
=
===
UPS module
Control logic
DISPLAY
Designed to distribute the UPS
Hardware and Software into
modules in order to reduce
the single points of failure
Selecting a UPS
“N” System
UPS Capacity = Load
N = 200 kW
=
Selecting a UPS
“N + 1” System
A
N+1 = 200kW + 200kW
Standalone Modular
B
Redundant
Capacity
N 1+
200kW
N+1 = 200kW + 100kW
Load = 200kW
= =100 kW
Redundant
Capacity
100 kW
Redundant
Capacity
Load = 200kW
200kW
200kW
Redundant
Capacity
100 kW
Redundant
Capacity
A = B = 200 kW
Selecting a UPS
“N + N” or “2N” SystemUPS Capacity = LoadUPS Capacity = Load
2N = 2 x 200kW
=
Standalone Modular
=A B
Lo
ad
=
200kW
2N = 2 x 200kW
A
N N
A = B = 200 kW
Redundant
CapacityRedundant
Capacity
100 kW
Redundant
Capacity
100 kW
Redundant
Capacity
Selecting a UPS
“2(N+1)” SystemUPS Capacity = Load
2(N+1) = 2(200kW + 200kW)
Standalone Modular
2(N+1) = 2(200kW + 100kW)
= =
Lo
ad
=
200kW
RedundantCapacity
RedundantCapacity
RedundantCapacity
RedundantCapacity
+N 1 +N 1
Lo
ad
=
200kW
150 kW
Redundant
Capacity
150 kW
Redundant
Capacity
150 kW
Redundant
Capacity
150 kW
Redundant
Capacity
200 kW 200 kW 200 kW 200 kW
200 kWRedundant
Capacity
100kW
200 kWRedundant
Capacity
100kW
Lo
ad
=
200kW
BA BA
A = B = 200 kW
UPS System
Design Criteria
Static UPS System:
200kVA
N+1
Battery Autonomy:
15 mins
200KVA N+1 Standalone
Topology (2 x 200kVA)
A B
RedundantCapacity
Load = 200kVA
RedundantCapacity
A = B = 200 kVA
Bypass Switch
UPS 1
UPS 2
200KVA N+1 Standalone
Topology (3 x 100kVA)
A = B = C = 100 kVA
A B
RedundantCapacity
Load = 200kVA
RedundantCapacity
C
RedundantCapacity
Bypass Switch
UPS 1
UPS 2
UPS 3
200KVA N+1 Standalone
Topology (5 x 50kVA)
Bypass Switch
MODULAR
UPS 1
50kVA
50kVA
50kVA
50kVA
50kVALoad = 200kVA
5 X 50kVA
200KVA N+1 Modular
Topology (3 x 100kVA)
Load = 200kVA
3 X 100kVA
Bypass Switch
MODULAR
UPS 1
Spare
100kVA
100kVA
100kVA
Spare
200KVA N+1 Standalone
Battery Options 2 x 200KVA
200KVA N+1 Standalone
Battery Options 3 x 100KVA
200KVA N+1 Standalone
Separate Battery Options
200KVA N+1 Standalone
Separate Battery Options
200KVA N+1 Standalone
Battery Options Standalone
200KVA
Battery = 200KVA per unit = 400KVA in total
Standalone – 200 KVA (N+1)
200KVA 100KVA
Battery = 100KVA per unit = 300KVA in total
Standalone – 200 KVA (N+1)
100KVA 100KVA
200KVA N+1 Standalone
Battery Options Modular
Battery = 50KVA per unit
= 250kvA in total
Battery = 100KVA per unit = 300kvA in total
200KVA N+1 Standalone
Footprint
UPS System Design
Ease of Repair- Problem off Site!
Elapsed Time
10+ Hours?
Service Plan – 4 Hour Response
Spares Kit Defective UPS Identified
Diagnosis & Fix – 1, 2…6+ Hours?
Standalone
27
Service Plan – 4 Hour Response
Spare Module Defective Module Identified
Defective Module Replaced = <30 mins
HOTSWAP
<5 Hours Max
UPS System Design
Rightsizing
Modularity in design allows the power protection capacity to be added when needed
to meet the existing/actual demand, instead total up front deployment.
▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲start year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4
oversized power
Load curve?
UPS System Design
Hot Swap Modularity
Safe Removal and/or Insertion of ModulesNo Risk to Critical LoadNo Power Down RequiredSimple Power Upgrade‘Right-Sizing’ to Match Load
UPS System Design
Low MTTR = High Availability
RELIABILITY
Measure of ability for a system to run without
failures
Mean time between failures (MTBF)
Mean time to fail (MTTF)
SERVICEABILITY
The easiness and speed at which maintenance
and service can be performed
Mean time to repair / recover (MTTR)
UPS System Design
Low MTTR = High Availability
10xAvailability
Improvement
Standalone 2 x 400 kW (1+1) Redundant Configuration
Modular, 4 x 100 kW (3+1) Redundant Configuration
Standalone
6nines99.9999%
Availability
Availability = MTBFUPS / (MTBFUPS + MTTRUPS)
MTBFUPS 600,000h 400,000h
MTTRUPS 6h 0.5h
Availability 99.999% (5 Nines) 99.9999% (6 Nines)
MTBF : Mean Time Between FailuresMTTR : Mean Time To Repair
1. Definition of Modular UPS - De-Centralised Parallel Architecture
2. Battery Options for Standalone and Modular– Capex and Opex
3. Footprint – UPS/Switchgear/Battery System
4. Rightsizing/Scalability/Flexibility
5. Ease of Servicing/Repair = High Availability
6. Modular technology is available for large data centres now, with 100KVA
modules and 500KVA building blocks
Key Points to Take Away
Thank you for your time, any questions?
Visit us at Stand L31 & in
the Green Data Centre