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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015 1
Modified Media Filter Drain Mix
with Alternate Aggregate Grading
By
Maxwell Freimund, Liv Haselbach, Cara Poor, and Agathe Thomas
Washington State University
For presentation at the International Symposium on Systematic Approaches to Environmental
Sustainability in Transportation
ISSAEST
Fairbanks, Alaska: August 2015
Acknowledgements
This work is forms the basis for additional research:
Extended Performance of Media Filter Drains: New
Media
by Liv Haselbach, Justin Rath and Maxwell Friemund.
(Also presented at ISSAEST August 2015)
The authors are grateful for funding provided for these projects by
WSDOT and PACTRANS, for material provided by Motley – Motley Inc.,
and for laboratory assistance and former work by Cara Poor, Agathe
Thomas, Erica Iverson, Andrew Hoover, Vincent McIntyre, Taha Kabbaj,
Brandon Werner and the GeoAnalytical Laboratory at Washington State
University.
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Acknowledgements
This work forms the basis for additional research:
Extended Performance of Media Filter Drains: New Media
by Liv Haselbach, Justin Rath and Maxwell Friemund.
(Also presented at ISSAEST August 2015)
The authors are grateful for funding provided for these projects by WSDOT and PACTRANS, for material provided by Motley – Motley Inc., and for laboratory assistance and former work by Cara Poor, Agathe Thomas, Erica Iverson, Andrew Hoover, Vincent McIntyre, Taha Kabbaj, Brandon Werner and the GeoAnalytical Laboratory at Washington State University.
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
References
- Dean, C., Sansalone, J., Cartledge, F., and Pardue, J. (2005). “Influence of Hydrology on Rainfall-Runoff Metal Element Speciation.” J. of Env. Eng., 131(4), 632-643.
- Eaton, A. D., and Franson, M. A. H. (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water & wastewater. American Public Health Association. Washington, DC.
- Gnecco, I., Sansalone, J. J. and Lanza, L. G. (2008). "Speciation of Zinc and Copper in Stormwater Pavement Runoff from Airside and Landside Aviation Land Uses." Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 192, 321-336.
- Poor, C and Haselbach, L. (2014). Media Filter Drains: Modified Design Evaluation, Final Project Report, Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (PacTrans), September 15, 2014. http://depts.washington.edu/pactrans/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/PacTrans-21-739428-Haselbach-Liv-Small-Project.pdf
- Sandahl, J. F., Baldwin, D. H., Jenkins, J. J. and Scholz, N. L. (2007). "A Sensory System at the Interface between Urban Stormwater Runoff and Salmon Survival." Eng. Sci. and Tech., 41(8), 2998-3004.
- Schueler, T. R., and Holland, H. K. (2000). The practice of watershed protection. Center for Watershed Protection. Ellicott City, Md.
- Stumm, W., and Morgan, J. J. (1996) Aquatic chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters. Wiley. New York.
- WAC (Washington Administrative Code). (2011). Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of the State of Washington. WAC 173-201A-240. Washington State Legislature. Olympia, WA.
- WSDOT (Washington State Department of Transportation). (2006). Ecology Embankment Study. Olympia, WA.
- WSDOT (Washington State Department of Transportation). (2011). Highway Runoff Manual. Olympia, WA.
- WSDOT (Washington State Department of Transportation). (2012). “Section 9-03.1 (4)C Grading,
AASHTO Grading No. 8.” Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction,
M 41-10. Olympia, WA: 9-12.
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Filled trench next to the highway that receives stormwater runoff after filtering through vegetation, typically with underdrain discharge. It is filled with a mixture of :
•Aggregate, •Perlite •Gypsum Active Ingredients •Dolomite
(It is also known as an Ecology Embankment or a Bioslope.)
What is a Media Filter Drain (MFD)?
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
MFD Detail
Note that some MFDs have grass on top.
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Pictures of Some Existing MFDs
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
• Design was originally established for at least a ten year life for dissolved zinc and copper removal and some MFDs have been around for 15+ years.
• Zinc and copper are of concern in many receiving waters.
• The aggregate gradation used originally is no longer as readily available. A similar one with fewer fines is typically used in roadwork and inexpensive.
• The first question answered in this presentation asked if the MFD is effective with this new design. (They also added some more active ingredients.)
• The additional work in the other presentation added more laboratory simulations for an extended life evaluation.
Issue
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Simulated Runon!
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
• Simulated long-term loading by accelerated loading with very concentrated dissolved zinc and copper solutions (not representative of stormwater concentrations). (Accelerated Loading)
• Did this on six columns in the lab. (To Event 112)
• Also periodically tested performance with applications of solutions with concentrations representative of stormwater, at the higher range. (Performance Testing)
Methodology
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Aggregate Gradation Review
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Experimental
Design
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Influent and Effluent Copper
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Copper Percent Concentration
Reduction
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Influent and Effluent Zinc
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Zinc Percent Concentration Reduction
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
High Concentration Performance
Tests: Copper
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
High Concentration Performance
Tests: Zinc
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Comparison to Other BMPs: Copper
Typical Runoff Concentrations
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Comparison to Other BMPs: Zinc
Typical Runoff Concentrations
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
• Enhanced treatment for both copper and zinc throughout the testing
• Lifespans greater than14 years…based on:
• rain in Western Washington
• 9 times the surface area for runon from traffic
• 3 foot wide MFD with 12 inch depth of media
• Typical highway runoff concentrations
• 20 ppb copper and 100 ppb zinc
• More testing for even longer terms suggested
• Testing of residual metals in columns suggested
Conclusions
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Thank you!