Modern Modern ArchitectureArchitecture

Architectural HistoryArchitectural HistoryACT 322ACT 322

Doris KempDoris Kemp

TopicsTopics Modern ArchitectureModern Architecture Modern Architecture: The Chicago Modern Architecture: The Chicago

SchoolSchool Modern Architecture: Early Frank Modern Architecture: Early Frank

Lloyd WrightLloyd Wright Modern Architecture: European Modern Architecture: European

ModernismModernism

Modern ArchitectureModern Architecture The birth of modern architecture The birth of modern architecture

came from a realization that the came from a realization that the future should not hinge on the pastfuture should not hinge on the past Earlier periods had relied on even Earlier periods had relied on even

earlier periods to gain inspirationearlier periods to gain inspiration Modern architecture wanted to look to Modern architecture wanted to look to

the futurethe future

Modern Architecture: The Modern Architecture: The Chicago SchoolChicago School

Early Modernism Early Modernism The Chicago SchoolThe Chicago School

Late 19Late 19thth and early 20 and early 20thth century century Vast building boom in the heart of Chicago Vast building boom in the heart of Chicago

in 1885in 1885 Great Fire of 1871 had destroyed much of the cityGreat Fire of 1871 had destroyed much of the city

Leading architectural teamsLeading architectural teams Burnham and RootBurnham and Root Holabird and RocheHolabird and Roche Adler and SullivanAdler and Sullivan

Modern Architecture: The Modern Architecture: The Chicago SchoolChicago School

Monadnock BuildingMonadnock Building c. 1889 – 1891c. 1889 – 1891 Burnham and RootBurnham and Root Client had demanded an extremely Client had demanded an extremely

simplified appearancesimplified appearance FeaturesFeatures

Tall, elongated buildingTall, elongated building 16 stories16 stories Sheer brickwork Sheer brickwork Very simple with no décor or carvingsVery simple with no décor or carvings

Modern Architecture: The Modern Architecture: The Chicago SchoolChicago School

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Modern Architecture: The Modern Architecture: The Chicago SchoolChicago School

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Modern Architecture: The Modern Architecture: The Chicago SchoolChicago School

Marquette BuildingMarquette Building Holabird and RocheHolabird and Roche 1893 – 18941893 – 1894 Has a modern theme with a hint of the Has a modern theme with a hint of the

ClassicalClassical Features Features

Paneling and cornice work at the topPaneling and cornice work at the top Continuous piers that support massive Continuous piers that support massive

lintels recessed in the center bayslintels recessed in the center bays

Modern Architecture: The Modern Architecture: The Chicago SchoolChicago School

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Modern Architecture: The Modern Architecture: The Chicago SchoolChicago School

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Modern Architecture: The Modern Architecture: The Chicago SchoolChicago School

Walker WarehouseWalker Warehouse 1888 – 18891888 – 1889 Adler and SullivanAdler and Sullivan Considered a stripped Romanesque styleConsidered a stripped Romanesque style

Lack of rhythms, rustication, and carved Lack of rhythms, rustication, and carved ornamentornament

FeaturesFeatures Twin, arched entrancewaysTwin, arched entranceways Trabeated, flanking baysTrabeated, flanking bays

Modern Architecture: The Modern Architecture: The Chicago SchoolChicago School

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Modern Architecture: Early Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright The youngest member of the Chicago The youngest member of the Chicago

SchoolSchool Flamboyant personality and a sense of Flamboyant personality and a sense of

prophetic mission in architectureprophetic mission in architecture Studied for two years at the University of Studied for two years at the University of

Wisconsin as an engineerWisconsin as an engineer Decided he did not want to be an engineerDecided he did not want to be an engineer

Designed the Larkin Building in Buffalo, NYDesigned the Larkin Building in Buffalo, NY A radical leap into modern architectureA radical leap into modern architecture

Modern Architecture: Early Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

Larkin BuildingLarkin Building Buffalo, NYBuffalo, NY 19041904 Represented a leap into modern Represented a leap into modern

architecture from the 19architecture from the 19thth century century FeaturesFeatures

Rectangular, skylit atriumRectangular, skylit atrium Reception facilities, lavatories, lockers, and Reception facilities, lavatories, lockers, and

office spaceoffice space

Modern Architecture: Early Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

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Modern Architecture: Early Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

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Modern Architecture: Early Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

Winslow HouseWinslow House 18931893 Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright River Forest, ILRiver Forest, IL A study in contrastsA study in contrasts

Front of the house was all geometricFront of the house was all geometric Rear garden of the house was completely Rear garden of the house was completely

different than the frontdifferent than the front Shattered the front’s boxlike structure with Shattered the front’s boxlike structure with

splintered, aggressive formssplintered, aggressive forms

Modern Architecture: Early Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

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Modern Architecture: Early Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

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Modern Architecture: Early Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

Francis W. Little HouseFrancis W. Little House 19131913 Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright The grandest of Wright’s early interiorsThe grandest of Wright’s early interiors Now installed in the Metropolitan Now installed in the Metropolitan

Museum of Art in New York CityMuseum of Art in New York City

Modern Architecture: Early Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

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Modern Architecture: Modern Architecture: European ModernismEuropean Modernism

Josef Maria OlbrichJosef Maria Olbrich Viennese architect who built the first Viennese architect who built the first

modern structure in Vienna, Austriamodern structure in Vienna, Austria Secession BuildingSecession Building

One of the founders of the Viennese One of the founders of the Viennese SecessionSecession Architectural movement of modernism in Architectural movement of modernism in

AustriaAustria

Modern Architecture: Modern Architecture: European ModernismEuropean Modernism

Secession BuildingSecession Building Vienna, AustriaVienna, Austria 1898 – 18991898 – 1899 Designed for exhibitions Designed for exhibitions Features a sky lighted interior framed Features a sky lighted interior framed

by closed outer wallsby closed outer walls Façade is reminiscent of an Egyptian Façade is reminiscent of an Egyptian

pylonpylon

Modern Architecture: Modern Architecture: European ModernismEuropean Modernism

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Modern Architecture: Modern Architecture: European ModernismEuropean Modernism

Auguste PerretAuguste Perret French architect who used French architect who used

ferroconcrete in an aesthetically ferroconcrete in an aesthetically pleasing waypleasing way Alliance of the tensile strength of steel with Alliance of the tensile strength of steel with

the compressive resistance of concretethe compressive resistance of concrete StructuresStructures

Ponthieu Garage, ParisPonthieu Garage, Paris Le Raincy Church, Near ParisLe Raincy Church, Near Paris

Modern Architecture: Modern Architecture: European ModernismEuropean Modernism

Ponthieu GaragePonthieu Garage ParisParis Façade reflects the concrete post-and-Façade reflects the concrete post-and-

beam construction behind itbeam construction behind it 19051905

Modern Architecture: Modern Architecture: European ModernismEuropean Modernism

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Modern Architecture: Modern Architecture: European ModernismEuropean Modernism

Le Raincy ChurchLe Raincy Church Located near ParisLocated near Paris 1912 – 19131912 – 1913 Medieval themeMedieval theme Modern ferroconcrete constructionModern ferroconcrete construction

Modern Architecture: Modern Architecture: European ModernismEuropean Modernism

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Modern Architecture: Modern Architecture: European ModernismEuropean Modernism

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ReferencesReferences Sullivan, Mary; Sullivan, Mary;

http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/

wdpt1.htmlwdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From

Prehistory to PostmodernityPrehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western

ArchitectureArchitecture

Modern Modern ArchitectureArchitecture

Architectural HistoryArchitectural HistoryACT 322ACT 322

Doris KempDoris Kemp