modern architecture (2)_1

7/24/2019 Modern Architecture (2)_1

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Submitted By SmritiSaraswat

Sonal Agarwal Shubham


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Period :- Late 18th

Century and 19 th centuryThe technological scope and social context of

architecture were brofoundlly attered by

industrial revolution that traditional concept

about the purpose & appearance of building lost

their validity.

In 1840 , leading artists , designers developed

new approaches to architecture.roup of architects , !ines "an der #ohe , $e

%orbusier , ran' $loyd (right . )ade a #evolt

against old traditional concepts and adopted

new revolutionary style !odern architecture.

It is design by technological and engineering

develop!ents during industrial revolution.

*vailabity of new !aterials such as iron ,

steel , concrete , and glass.


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Period :- Late 18th

Century and 19 th century

New sence of space was allied to the search for a newkind of architcture to meet the needs of life in 20 thcentury.Easy availability of materials such as steel , Iron

concrete glass.New aesthetic principles.


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Period :- Late 18th

Century and 19 th century

!e"ection of historial styles.

Materials and re#uirements$ functional %determine the result.

!e"ection of ornamentation.

&se of geometric forms.

'implification of form.

(doptation of e)posed structure.

salk institute


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Modernism:- established in 1920.

Modernism was started by *+

e -orbusier inrance

udwig Mies /an er!ohe in 1ermany

alter1ropius in1ermany.


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-ritics *

8he abstract nature of brutalism makes thestyle*

&nfriendly and uncommunicative

or e)ample+the location of the entrance ofthe brutalist structure is rarely obvious to thevisitor.


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steel

Most suitable structural material forframing of hugecellular buildings.

;roduced uninterrupted spans over

openings.

'teel members can be rolled in shapessuch as,plates,angles,I beams,etc.

8his resulted into rigid continuous

structures thus producing thefundamental change in architecturaldesign.


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Reinforced cement concrete

Massive stone walls were replaced by!.-.- curtain walls.

;roduce large interior spaces

!oofs took wide range of shapes+ flat tobarrel vault,to shell roof.


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Prestressed concrete

8his was a new material which helpedbeyond imagination.

&sed in the construction of bridges and

hangers of air ships etc.


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lass

8ransparent to ultra voilet rays butopa#ue to infra red rays$heat%.

E)tensively used instead of

shades,blinds and curtains.

'heets of one way glass was largelyemployed in windows.


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Lamination and !ly"ood and !lastics

amination consists of glued layers ofwood.


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Le corbusier #a$e the fi$e !oints :-

ift the building on the coloumn off the ground.

!eplace the ground covered by building=sfootprint with the roof terrace.

et long windows stretch across thefacade , and from side to side of rooms.

et the plan be free flowing.

et the fa>ade be free composition ,able to respond to light, views or compositionaleffect.


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%iffel to"er

Named after its designer, engineer1ustave Eiffel, the tower was built

as the entrance arch to the4??5 orld@s air.

8he tower stands A2B metres$4,0CA ft% tall, about the sameheight as an ?4+storey building.

8hree hundred workers "oined

together 4?,0A? pieces ofpuddled iron$a very pure form of

structural iron%, using two and a halfmillion rivets, in a structural design

by Maurice Doechlin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Eiffelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_%281889%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddled_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Koechlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Koechlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddled_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_%281889%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel


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%iffel to"er

&he !i# ironstructure of the %iffel &o"er

"ei#hs '()00 tonnes "hile the entirestructure( includin# non-metal com!onents(is a!!ro*imately 10(000 tonnes.

Careful e*amination of the to"er sho"s abasically e*!onential sha!e.

the lo"er section o$erdesi#ned to ensureresistance to "ind forces.

+n order to maintain a uniform a!!earanceto an obser$er on the #round( three se!aratecolours of !aint are used on the to"er( "iththe dar,est on the bottom and the li#htest atthe to!.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_iron


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%iffel to"er

&he only non-structural elements arethe four decorati$e #rill"or, arches.

"hich ser$ed to reassure $isitors that

the structure "as safe( and to frame$ie"s of other nearby architecture.


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illa sa$oye

illa sa$oye "as desi#ned by Lecorbusier in 1928-1929.

n early and classic e*em!le of the

/+nternational tyle/( "hich ho$ersabo$e a #rass !lane on thin concrete.

"ith stri! "indo"s( and a flat roof"ith a dec, area( ram!( and a fe"contained touches of cur$aceous

"alls.


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illa sa$oye

&he !lan "as set out usin# the!rinci!le ratios of the olden section:

+n this case a suare di$ided into

si*teen eual !arts( e*tended on t"osides to incor!orate the !roectin#fa3ades and then further di$ided to #i$ethe !osition of the ram! and theentrance.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_sectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_section


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illa sa$oye

1round floor plan irst floor plan


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illa sa$oye

Elevation 'ection


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Crystal !alace

It was built to house thegreat industrial e)hibition of4?64.

8he -rystal ;alace was acast+ironand glassbuildingoriginally erected in


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Crystal !alace


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Crystal !alace

'ection


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Crystal !alace

etails


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4allin# "ater

5ri#ht6s !assion for 7a!anesearchitecture "as stron#ly reflected inthe desi#n of 4allin#"ater( !articularly inthe im!ortance of inter!enetratin#

e*terior and interior s!aces .

&he !roectin# cantile$ered roof ea$es(continuous bands of art-#lass "indo"s(and the use of Roman bric, em!hasiethe horiontal( "hich had rich

associations for 5ri#ht.


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4allin# "ater

or the cantilevered

floors, (right and his tea!

used upside down T+shaped

bea!s integrated into a

!onolithic concrete slabwhich both for!ed the

ceiling of the space below

and provided resistance

against co!pression.


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4allin# "ater

'ite plan


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4allin# "ater

plan


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4allin# "ater

Elevation


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4allin# "ater

'ection


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3ooks *+

modern architecture (2)_1

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