mobile technologies and their evolution
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Mobile Technologies and their evolution. Eid Al Nakib [email protected]. GSM Evolution GSM: Stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. The proposed system had to meet certain criteria: Good subjective speech quality Low terminal and service cost Support for international roaming - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Mobile Technologies: Consumer Perspective
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Mobile Technologies and their evolution
Eid Al Nakib [email protected]
Mobile Technologies: Consumer Perspective
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GSM EvolutionGSM EvolutionGSM: Stands for Global System for Mobile Communication.The proposed system had to meet certain criteria:•Good subjective speech quality •Low terminal and service cost •Support for international roaming •Ability to support handheld terminals •Support for range of new services and facilities •Spectral efficiency •ISDN compatibility•voice, fax, SMS and Data transmission
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GSM EvolutionGSM EvolutionGSM networks would enhance packet data services primarily in three (four) phases
General Packet Radio Services(GPRS) refers to the first phase of GSM network architecture enhancements that allow mobiles to connect to IP or X.25 based networks.
The GSM/GPRS network architecture will further evolve to support Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), which provides significant improvements over GPRS.
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GSM Supplementary Services - I
• Advice of Charge: provides the mobile subscriber with an estimate of the call charges
• Call Forwarding: This service gives the subscriber the ability to forward incoming calls to another number
• Barring of outgoing calls: This service makes it possible for a mobile subscriber to present all outgoing calls
• Barring of incoming calls: This function allows the subscriber to prevent incoming calls
• Call Hold: This service enables the subscriber to interrupt an ongoing call and then subsequently reestablish the call
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GSM Supplementary Services- II
• Call Waiting: This service enables the mobile subscriber to be notified of an incoming call. The subscriber can answer, reject, or ignore the incoming call
• Explicit Call Transfer• Multiparty Service: The multiparty service
enables a mobile subscriber to establish a multiparty conversation-that is, a simultaneous conversation between three and six subscribers
• Closed user groups (CUGs): CUGs are generally comparable to a PBX. They are a group of subscribers who are capable of only calling
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GSM -> GPRS -> EDGE -> CDMA
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Evolution Toward Third Generation Wireless Networks
1-G / 2-G: Capable of providing voice and low-rate data networks while air interfaces are inadequate for satisfying the high data rates specified.
3-G requirements:
•High data rates and QoS metrics.
•GSM is far the most popular standard in the World and particularly
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GSM Services - Phase 1GSM Services - Phase 1
Service Category Service CommentsTeleservices Speech
EmergencySMS (Short Message Service)
Group 3 Fax
Full Rate 13KbpsPoint to Point & Cell Broadcast
Bearer Services Asynchronous DataSynchronous Data
300 – 9600bps300 – 9600bps
Supplementary Services Call ForwardCall Barring
Subscriber Busy, Not ReachableInternational & Incoming Calls
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GSM Services - Phase 2GSM Services - Phase 2
Service Category Service Comments Teleservices Speech
Emergency SMS (Short Message Service)
Group 3 Fax
Half Rate 6.5Kbps Point to Point & Cell Broadcast
Bearer Services Synchronous Packet Data Access 2400 – 9600bps Supplementary Services CLI (Calling Line Identification)
Call Waiting Call Hold Multiparty
USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data)
Operator Barring Advice on charge
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GSM Services - Phase 2GSM Services - Phase 2++• Primarily concerned with the improvement of
Bearer (data!) services– Full data rate @ 14.4 kb/s– High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD)– General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
• Some additional supplementary services also specified
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GPRS Vs. EDGEGPRS Vs. EDGEGeneral Packet Radio Services• Allows GSM mobile subscribers to connect to an IP-
based or X.25-based network.• new network elements are introduced with GPRS to
the GSM architecture
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)• EDGE reuses the GSM/GPRS time slot structure • 200 kHz carrier and multi-slot operation allow service
providers to deploy EDGE transceivers among existing GSM/GPRS transceivers.
• Adaptive radio link protocol will be employed to take advantage of the better channel quality.
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GPRS MSGPRS MS– Two Components
– Mobile Terminal (MT)– SIM card
– Three Classes of terminal– Class A - simultaneous circuit switched (GSM) and
packet switched (GPRS) traffic– Class B- supports both GSM and GPRS
connections but not both at the same time. One call is suspended for the duration of the other
– Class C - handless both GPRS or GSM but can only be connected to one at the same time.
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Architecture of a GSM NetworkArchitecture of a GSM Network
SD
Mobile Station
BTS
MSC/VLR
SIM MEBSC
Base StationSubsystem
GMSC
Network Subsystem
AUCEIR HLR
Other Networks
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
+
PSTN
PLMN
Internet
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What the names meanWhat the names mean• MS: Mobile Station• BTS: Base Transceiver Station• BSC: Base Station Controller• HLR: Home Location Register• VLR: Visitor Location Register• MSC: Mobile Switching Centre• BSS: Base Station System• EIR: Equipment Identity Register• SIM: Subscriber Identity Module• IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity• GMSC: Gateway Mobile Switching Centre• AuC: Authentication Center
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CDMA BASICSCDMA BASICS• CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) splits
calls into fragments and send them over different frequencies simultaneously
• The use of multiple frequencies gives CDMA effective protection against interference and lost calls
• CDMA supports true packet switching and does not use time slots, therefore is more bandwidth efficient than TDMA -- also a more direct path to 3G
• Current CDMA penetration in the world market is about 27%
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Overview of cdma2000-1x System CDMA is a new mobile communication mode.
CDMA digital mobile communication network can satisfy the requirements of the second-
generation mobile communication system for subscriber capacity and narrow-band services. It can also transmit smoothly to the third- generation mobile communication system
Compared with GSM mobile communication system CDMA mobile communication system provides obvious technical advantages for the operator, CDMA mobile communication system provides high frequency usability fine coverage and convenient frequency planning. For CDMA mobile communication system provides fine voice quality
subscribers
low disconnection rate, small transmission power and strong security.CDMA2000 is the 3rd generation successor to IS-95 networks It provides up to twice the capacity of earlier CDMA systems, with peak data rates of up to 153.6 kbps in Release 0, planned to increase to 307.2 kbps in Release A.
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cdma2000-1x System Solution Benefits
End to End Overall System Solution, Perfect Services Provided>> Large Capacity, High Reliability, Flexible Configuration>> Abundant Protocols Supported, Flexible Networking Modes>> Provide Custom-built Services According to the Requirements of Operators>> Support R-UIM Completely>> Lower costs to upgrade/add capacity
cdma2000-system services capability
>> Common Telephone Services>> Voice Mail Services>> Fax Services>> Alternating Voice and FaxBearer Services>> 1200-14400 bit/s Asynchronous Data>> 1200-144000 bit/s Packets Data
Alternating Voice and 1200-14400 bit/s Data
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3G Systems Overview3G Systems Overview
3G MigrationSOURCE: CDMA Development Group (CDG) CDG Migration Diagram
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Why do carriers want to Why do carriers want to move to 3Gmove to 3G??
• Faster speeds--able to handle more calls• Efficiencies in data handling (Integration with
the Internet technologies)• More capable, multi-media handsets and
devices• Global interoperability and roaming*• Advanced services and more profitable revenue
opportunities**
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3G - UMTS3G - UMTS
SD
Mobile Station
MSC/VLR
Base StationSubsystem
GMSC
Network Subsystem
AUCEIR HLR
Other Networks
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
GGSNSGSN
BTS BSC
NodeB
RNC
RNS
UTRAN
SIM ME
USIMME
+
PSTN
PLMN
Internet
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Supplementary Services>> Call Forwarding-Unconditional (CFU)>> Call Forwarding-No Answering (CFNA)>> Call Forwarding-Busy (CFB)>> Call Forwarding-Default (CFD)>> Call Waiting (CW)>> Three-Way Call (3WC)>> Calling Name Identification Presentation (CNIP)>> Calling Name Identification Restriction (CNIR)>> Do Not Disturb (DND) >> Call Transfer (CT)>> Voice Message Retrieval (VMR)>> Message Waiting Notification (MWN)>> Conference Calling (CC)>> Voice Message Retrieval (VMR)>> Message Waiting Notification (MWN)>> Conference Calling (CC)>> Subscriber PIN Access (SPINA)>> Subscriber PIN Intercept (SPINI)Short Message Services
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1)Basic Services>> User Examination>> Message Submitting and Forwarding>> Repeated Forwarding Attempts>> Message Priority Management>> Message Validity Management>> Message Transmission Status Report>> Chinese Message>> Virtual Short Message Center>> Manual Joint>> .Automatic Joint2) Expanded Services>> Multiple Destination Sending>> Transmitting of User Defined Messages>> Payment Prompt>> Secretary Service
Short Message Services
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>> Mobile Email>> Stock Information on Demand>> Comprehensive Information on DemandVoice Mail Service>> Initiative Leaving Message>> Forward Call Leaving Message>> Short Message Notification>> Listening to Voice Message>> Replying Voice Message>> Forward Voice Message>> Build on Web Function
Intelligent Services >> Pre-Paid Charging Service>> Wireless Virtual Private Network>> Wireless Freephone Services>> Flexible Routing and Charging>> Rejection of Undesired Annoying Calls>> Advice of Charge>> Premium Rate Charging
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G-points in Mobile History
1GAnalog
-voice only-inflexible-not optimized-very transparent
2GDigital/Analog-voice (data)-inflexible-optimized-transparent
2.5GDigital
-voice + data-flexible-optimized-transparent
3GDigital
-data + voice-very flexible-‘optimisable’-not transparent
3.5GDigital
-more data (IP)-very flexible-‘optimisable’-not transparent
4G
digital/analog?-even more data-very flexible-‘optimisable’-transparent
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3rd Generation Wireless 3rd Generation Wireless VisionVision
• Extends current data applications & devices• Enables breakthrough data services
Web Browsing
E-Commerce
Telemetry
Vertical Solutions
Vehicle Location
Messaging
Full Web browsing
E-mail w/ Attachments
Richer E-Commerce
Multimedia Messaging
Streaming Audio & Video
Online Games
Video Telephony
Music Download
2nd Generation 3rd Generation
9.6 Kbps 28.8 Kbps 384 Kbps
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New Phones Have MMS, WAP, Java New Phones Have MMS, WAP, Java (GSM) or BREW (CDMA) (GSM) or BREW (CDMA) 400 million plus in 2005400 million plus in 2005