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S.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMV

Mobile Application DevelopmentMobile Application DevelopmentMobile Application DevelopmentMobile Application DevelopmentMobile Application DevelopmentMobile Application DevelopmentMobile Application DevelopmentMobile Application Development

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S.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMVS.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMV

The Players

• Android – Open source mobile OSdeveloped

Google. Based on Linux 2.6 kernel

• iOS – Apple’s proprietary mobile OS,iPhone

X, veryUNIX likeX, veryUNIX like

• Symbian – acquired by Nokia 2008

• Windows Phone 7 – Microsoft – Kin,discontinued

• Blackberry OS – RIM (Research inMotion),

The Players

developedny the Open Handset Alliance led by

iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad. Derived from OS

discontinued6 weeks after initial launch

Motion), proprietary OS

The Smartphone Platform

• With the iPhone being thefirstthe configuration of theSmartphone– 3G/4G connectivity

– WiFi connectivity– WiFi connectivity

– Bluetooth connectivity

– accelerometer w/compass

– ambient light sensor

– proximity sensor

– GPS

– gyroscope

The Smartphone Platform

first to the marketplace it setsSmartphonePlatform

What is Android

• Android is an open sourceoperatingspecifically for use on mobiledevices

• Linux based (2.6 kernel)

• Can be programmed in C/C++Java(Javaaccessto C LibrariesJava(Javaaccessto C Libraries

• Supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and3

What is Android

operating system, created by Googledevices(cell phones and tablets)

but most app development is done invia JNI (JavaNativeInterface))via JNI (JavaNativeInterface))

3G and 4G networking

What is iOS

• Apple’s mobile OS for phones ((iPod),

• based on BSD Unix

• Application programming done in Objective C• Application programming done in Objective C

• Supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and 3G and 4G networking

What is iOS

Apple’s mobile OS for phones (iPhone), tablets (iPad), handhelds

Application programming done in Objective CApplication programming done in Objective C

Fi, and 3G and 4G networking

Bluetooth

• Open wireless technology

– Developed by Ericsson (1994)

– Originally supposed to replace wired RS

– Short distance via low power, short distance radio

– Allows creation of personal area networks– Allows creation of personal area networks

• Mostly to connect wireless peripheral devices to a host computer (mice, headsets, microphones, keyboards…)

– Can also be used to communicate between two host computers wirelessly (replace serial cables)

Bluetooth

Originally supposed to replace wired RS-232

Short distance via low power, short distance radio

Allows creation of personal area networksAllows creation of personal area networks

Mostly to connect wireless peripheral devices to a host computer (mice, headsets, microphones, keyboards…)

Can also be used to communicate between two host computers wirelessly

Wi

• Used to brand certified products that belong to a class of wireless local area network based on IEEE Standard 802.11

• Currently there are 3 versions of 802.11 in common use:

– B, about 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoors

– G, 54 Mbits about 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoors– G, 54 Mbits about 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoors

– N, 600 Mbits, about 1.5 miles in open air, uses MIMO (multiple input and output antennas)

Wi-Fi

Used to brand certified products that belong to a class of wireless local area network based on IEEE Standard 802.11

Currently there are 3 versions of 802.11 in common use:

B, about 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoors

about 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoorsabout 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoors

, about 1.5 miles in open air, uses MIMO (multiple input and

3G ( 3rd Generation Network)

• Must allow simultaneous use of speech and data

rate of 200 kbits/sec

Generation Network)

Must allow simultaneous use of speech and data services and provide peak data

4G

• Provides a comprehensive and secure

ultra broadband internet, gamingservices

• Peak data rate of 100 Mbit forhigh

mobility devices.mobility devices.

4G

IP based solution for IP based telephony,

servicesand streamed multimedia.

high mobility devices and 1 Gbit for low

Commonly Used Packages

• User interface controls and widgets

• User interface layout

• Secure networking and web browsing

• Structured storage and relationaldatabases

• 2D and 3D Graphics SGL andOpenGL

• Audio and visual media support

• Access to optional hardware (GPS)

Commonly Used Packages

databases(SQLite RDBMS)

OpenGL

The Android Software StackThe Android Software Stack

Android Application Development

Eclipse

IDE

Android

Emulator

Android Application Development

Android

SDK

Android

Mobile

Device

iOS Application Development

XCODE

IDE

iOS

Simulator

iOS Application Development

iOS

SDK

iOS

Mobile

Device

Android development

Android

Manifest

Java

Source

Manifest

Resource

XML

Generated

Class

Android

Libraries

Android development

Java

Compiler

.dex

FileDalvik

VM

iOS development

Objective

C Source Xcode

.xib file Objective

Compiler

Foundation

Framework

Cocoa

Libraries

Interface

Builder

iOS development

Objective

C

Compiler

. Simulator

or Device

History of Android• Google acquired the startupcompany

development of the Android Platform.Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears,and

• In late 2007, a group of industryleadersPlatform to form the(http://www.openhandsetalliance.com)

• The Android SDK was first issuedas2007.2007.

• In September 2008 T-Mobileannouncedthe first smartphone based on theAndroid

• A few days after that, GoogleannouncedRelease Candidate 1.0.

• In October 2008, Google made theavailable under Apache’s open source

History of Androidcompany Android Inc. in 2005 to start the

The key players at Android Inc. includedandChris White.

leaderscame together around the AndroidOpen Handset Alliance

).

as an “early look” release in November

announcedthe availability of the T-Mobile G1,AndroidPlatform.

announcedthe availability of Android SDK

source code of the Android Platformlicense.

History of AndroidHistory of Android

What is Open Handset Alliance?

• Quoting fromwww.OpenHandsetAlliance

• “… Open Handset Alliance™, agroup

have come together to accelerateinnovation

richer,lessexpensive,andbettermobilericher,lessexpensive,andbettermobile

• Together we have developedAndroid™,

mobile platform.

• We are committed to commercially

Android Platform. “

What is Open Handset Alliance?

OpenHandsetAlliance.com page

groupof 47 technology and mobile companies

innovationin mobile and offer consumers a

mobileexperience.mobileexperience.

Android™, the first complete, open, and free

deploy handsets and services using the

Introduction

What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)?

→ It's a consortium of several companies

What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)?

It's a consortium of several companies

Google Android

Open Handset Alliance MembersOpen Handset Alliance Members

Phones

HTC G1,HTC G1,Droid,Tattoo

Suno S880 Samsung Galaxy

Phones

21

Motorola Droid (X)

Samsung Galaxy Sony Ericsson

Tablets

Velocity Micro Cruz Gome FlyTouchVelocity Micro Cruz Gome FlyTouch

Dawa D7

Toshiba Android SmartBook

Tablets

Gome FlyTouch Acer beTouch

22

Gome FlyTouch Acer beTouch

Toshiba Android SmartBook

Cisco Android Tablet

Hardware

Android is not a single piece of hardware; it's a complete, end

that can be adapted to work on any number of hardware configurations. Everything is

there, from the boot loader all the way up to the applications.

Platform

there, from the boot loader all the way up to the applications.

Android is not a single piece of hardware; it's a complete, end-to-end software platform

that can be adapted to work on any number of hardware configurations. Everything is

all the way up to the applications.all the way up to the applications.

Google Android

Android’s Context: Mobile Market Player$Stakeholders

•

•

•

Android’s Context: Mobile Market Player$Stakeholders:

• Mobile network operators want to lockdown their networks, controlling andmetering traffic.

• Device manufacturers want to differentiatethemselves with features, reliability, andprice points.

• Software vendors want complete access tothe hardware to deliver cutting-edgeapplications.

The Maturing Mobile Experience

• Tomorrow?

The Maturing Mobile Experience

The Maturing Mobile ExperienceThe Maturing Mobile Experience

Android vs. CompetitorsAndroid vs. Competitors

Platform - The Android Software StackThe Android Software Stack

28

Android S/W Stack

• Android provides a set of core applications:� Email Client� Email Client

� SMS Program

� Calendar

� Maps

� Browser

� Contacts

� Etc

• All applications are written using the Java language.

Android S/W Stack - Application

Android provides a set of core applications:

29

All applications are written using the Java language.

Android S/W Stack

• Most of the application framework accesses these core libraries through the Dalvik VM, the core libraries through the Dalvik VM, the gateway to the Android Platform

Android S/W Stack – App Framework

Most of the application framework accesses these core libraries through the Dalvik VM, the

30

core libraries through the Dalvik VM, the gateway to the Android Platform

Android S/W Stack App Framework (Cont)

Feature

View System

Used to build an application, including lists, grids, textboxes, buttons, and embedded web browser

Content Provider

Enabling applications to access data from other applications or to share their own data

Resource Manager

Providing access to non, graphics, and layout files)

Notification Manager

Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the status bar

Activity Manager

Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing a common navigation

Android S/W Stack –App Framework (Cont)

Role

Used to build an application, including lists, grids, textboxes, buttons, and embedded web browser

Enabling applications to access data from other applications or to share their own data

31

Providing access to non-code resources (localized string, graphics, and layout files)

Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the

Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing a common navigation backstack

Location ManagerLocation Manager

Notification ManagerNotification Manager

Notification Manager• How background app interact with users

• Consistent notification presentation

Notification ManagerHow background app interact with users

Consistent notification presentation

View SystemView System

View SystemView System

Android S/W Stack

• Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components of the Android system

• Exposed to developers through the Android application framework

Android S/W Stack - Libraries

37

Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components

Exposed to developers through the Android application

Android S/W Stack • The media libraries are

(http://www.packetvideo.com/) OpenCOREresponsible for recording andplaybackA library called Surface Managerand supports 2D and 3D.

• The WebKit library isresponsiblelibrary that supports GoogleChromeThe FreeType library isresponsibleSQLite (http://www.sqlite.org/) ison the device itself. SQLite isalsofor relational databases and notacquire and use tools meant forSQLite

Android S/W Stack - Librariesare based on PacketVideo’s

OpenCORE. These libraries areplaybackof audio and video formats.

controls access to the display system

responsiblefor browser support; it is the sameChromeand Apple Inc.’s Safari.

responsiblefor font support.a relational database that is available

also an independent open source effortdirectly tied to Android. You can

SQLitefor Android databases as well.

Android S/W Stack

• Core Libraries�Providing most of the functionality available in the �Providing most of the functionality available in the

core libraries of the Java language

�APIs�Data Structures

�Utilities

�File Access

�Network Access

�Graphics

�Etc

Android S/W Stack - Runtime

Providing most of the functionality available in the

39

Providing most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java language

The Dalvik runtime is optimised for mobile applications

Run multiple VMs efficiently

Each app has its own VM

Minimal memory footprint

The Dalvik runtime is optimised for mobile applications

Run multiple VMs efficiently

Each app has its own VM

Minimal memory footprint

Android S/W Stack

• Dalvik Virtual Machine (Cont)�Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format

�.dex format is optimized for minimal memory footprint.

�Compilation

�Relying on the Linux Kernel for:�Threading

�Low-level memory management

Android S/W Stack – Runtime (Cont)

Dalvik Virtual Machine (Cont)Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format

.dex format is optimized for minimal memory footprint.

41

Relying on the Linux Kernel for:

level memory management

Android applications are compiled to Dalvik bytecode

Write app in Java

Compiled in Java

Transformed to Dalvik bytecodeTransformed to Dalvik bytecode

Android applications are compiled to Dalvik bytecode

Compiled in Java

Transformed to Dalvik bytecodeTransformed to Dalvik bytecode

Linux OSLoaded into Dalvik VM

Android S/W Stack

� Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services

� Memory and Process Management

� Network Stack

� Driver Model

� Security

• The supplied device drivers include Display, Camera, Keypad, WiFi, Flash Memory, Audio, and IPC (interprocess communication).

� Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest of the

S/W stack

Android S/W Stack – Linux Kernel

Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services

43

Memory and Process Management

The supplied device drivers include Display, Camera, Keypad, WiFi, Flash Memory, Audio, and IPC (interprocess communication).

Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest of the

Network Connectivity

It supports wireless communications using:

� GSM mobile-phone technology

� 3G

� Edge

Platform

� 802.11 Wi-Fi networks

It supports wireless communications using:

phone technology

Google Android

Development requirements

• Java

• Android SDK

Software development

Google Android

IDE and Tools

Android SDK• Class Library• Developer Tools • Emulator and System Images • Documentation and Sample Code

Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development Tools)• Reduces Development and Testing Time

Software development

• Reduces Development and Testing Time• Makes User Interface-Creation easier• Makes Application Description Easier

Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development Tools)Reduces Development and Testing TimeReduces Development and Testing Time

Creation easierMakes Application Description Easier

Google Android

Here are a few other advantages Android offers you as a developer:

• The Android SDK is available for Windows, Mac and Linux, so you don’t need to pay for new hardware to start writing applications.• An SDK built on Java. If you’re familiar with the Java programming language, you’re already halfway there.• By distributing your application on Android Market, it’s available to hundreds of thousands of users instantly. You’re not just limited to one store, because there are alternatives, too. For instance, you can release your application on your own blog.

Advantages

alternatives, too. For instance, you can release your application on your own blog. Amazon have recently been rumoured to be preparing their own Android app store also.• As well as the technical SDK documentation, new resources are being published for Android developers as the platform gains popularity among both users and developers.

Here are a few other advantages Android offers you as a developer:

The Android SDK is available for Windows, Mac and Linux, so you don’t need to pay for new hardware to start writing applications.

An SDK built on Java. If you’re familiar with the Java programming language,

By distributing your application on Android Market, it’s available to hundreds of thousands of users instantly. You’re not just limited to one store, because there are alternatives, too. For instance, you can release your application on your own blog. alternatives, too. For instance, you can release your application on your own blog. Amazon have recently been rumoured to be preparing their own Android app store

As well as the technical SDK documentation, new resources are being published for Android developers as the platform gains popularity among both

Google Android

Application Building Blocks

• Activity

• IntentReceiver

• Service• Service

• ContentProvider

Application Building Blocks

Activities

• Typically correspond to one UI screen

• But, they can:– Be faceless

– Be in a floating window– Be in a floating window

– Return a value

Activities

Typically correspond to one UI screen

IntentReceivers

• Components that respond to broadcast ‘Intents’

• Way to respond to external notification or alarms

• Apps can invent and broadcast their own Intent• Apps can invent and broadcast their own Intent

IntentReceivers

Components that respond to broadcast ‘Intents’

Way to respond to external notification or alarms

Apps can invent and broadcast their own IntentApps can invent and broadcast their own Intent

Intents

• Think of Intents as a verb and object; a description of what you want done– E.g. VIEW, CALL, PLAY etc..

• System matches Intent with Activity that can best provide the service

• Activities and IntentReceivers describe what Intents they can service

Intents

Think of Intents as a verb and object; a description of what you want done

E.g. VIEW, CALL, PLAY etc..

System matches Intent with Activity that can best

Activities and IntentReceivers describe what

Intents

Contacts

Home

“Pick photo”GMail

Blogger

Chat

“Pick photo”

Blogger

Intents

Picasa

Photo Gallery

Services

• Faceless components that run in the background– E.g. music player, network download etc…

Services

Faceless components that run in the backgroundE.g. music player, network download etc…

ContentProviders

• Enables sharing of data across applications– E.g. address book, photo gallery

• Provides uniform APIs for:• Provides uniform APIs for:– querying

– delete, update and insert.

• Content is represented by URI and MIME type

ContentProviders

Enables sharing of data across applicationsE.g. address book, photo gallery

Provides uniform APIs for:Provides uniform APIs for:

delete, update and insert.

Content is represented by URI and MIME type