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Using mixed methods in educational research

Professor Tristram Hooley www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Some key termsMethodology the overall philosophy of what you are doing.

Research design how you translate this philosophy into a series of practical strategies related to the current research questions.

Methods specific techniques of data collection and analysis. www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Overviewwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Overviewwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Alternative namesMixed methods researchMulti-methods researchIntegrated research methodsCombined research methodsHybrid researchEtc.www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Mixed methods researchDescribes research designs which use multiple methods, often combining methods drawn from both quantitative and qualitative paradigms.

It is possible to arrive at this position from a range of ontological and epistemological stances, but it is not simply the best of both worlds nor is it a compromise.

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Why do we combine different research methods?www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Who is planning to use mixed methodsWhy?

What are you mixing?www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Overviewwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs What methods are you planning to use?What other methods are you aware of?www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs A (inevitably flawed) methods frameworkExploratoryEvaluative

Quantitative

Qualitative

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Some methodsSurveysInterviewsFocus groupsData miningField workObservationDocument analysisVisual methodsExperiments

And many more and many variationswww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Overviewwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs The concept of research designResearch projects should be designed to address the research questions that they seek to answer. Consequently each one should be different.

Mixed methods research designs can be fixed or emergent.

However the following generic designs may be useful in stimulating thinking. Note the typology is mine but draws on various other typologies from the literature. www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs More is moreLots of data is collected using lots of different methods.www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs DifferentiationMethod #1Research question #1Method #2Research question #2Method #3Research question #3www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Embeddedwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs TriangulationResearch questionsMethod #1Method #2www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs ConnectedDefiningTestingExploringFocusingDefiningFocusingTesting and exploringwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Interwoven methods

Shared questions across methodsCommon coding frameworksCross-cutting analysisData may be merged www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs Overviewwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs BrightsideHooley, T., Hutchinson, J. & Neary, S. (2015). Ensuring quality in online career mentoring. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling.Published online.Hooley, T., Hutchinson, J. and Neary S. (2014) Evaluating Brightside's Approach to Online Mentoring. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies. University of Derby.

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs ReferencesBazeley, P. (2009). Editorial: Integrating data analyses in mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3(3): 203-207.Creswell, J. W., Goodchild, L., & Turner, P. (1996). Integrated qualitative and quantitative research: Epistemology, history, and designs. In Smart, J. (Ed.), Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research (Vol. 11, pp. 90136). New York: Agathon Press.Cresswell, J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2010). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. London: Sage.Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 11(3), 255-274.Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26.Morse, J. M., & Niehaus, L. (2009). Mixed Method Design: Principles and Procedures (Vol. 4). CA: Left Coast Press.Symonds, J. E., & Gorard, S. (2008). The death of mixed methods: Research labels and their casualties. Presentation to the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh. .

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegsTristram HooleyProfessor of Career EducationInternational Centre for Guidance StudiesUniversity of Derbyhttp://www.derby.ac.uk/icegs t.hooley@derby.ac.uk@pigironjoe

Blog athttp://adventuresincareerdevelopment.wordpress.com www.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs