mist aero

AEROSPACE TECHNOLGYAEAV-433

Lec Akhter Mahmud Nafi [email protected]

Department of Aeronautical Engineering

It’s a kind of course that will encourage to give status like:

OMG 1050 slides before exam !!!!!

Topics to be covered Types of Aero engine

Reciprocating Engine and their components.

Air breathing Aero engines:

Turbojet Turbo-prop Turbo-fan Hybrid Rocket Ramjet

Different Parts of Gas Turbine Engine

Intake Compressor Combustion Chamber nozzle Jet pipe Turbine Afterburner

Metallurgy of aero-engine components. Properties of Aviation fuel

Different Systems of aircraft

HydraulicPneumaticOxygenBrakeEngine controlCabin pressurizationAir conditioningEmergency SystemSafety Equipment Fire fighting System

MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPULSION- HILL & PETERSON (WISLEY)

AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINE TECHNOLOGY – ERWIN TREAGER

GAS TURBINE THEORY – COHEN & ROGERSTHE JET ENGINE – ROLLS ROYCE LIMITEDAIRFRAME & POWER PLANT MECHANICS GENERAL

HAND BOOK –FAA, US DEPT OF TPTNPOWERPLANT TEXT BOOK - JEPPESENROCKET PROPULSION ELEMENTS- GEORGE SUTTON AERODYNAMICS – CLANCYMECHANICS OF FLIGHT- KERMODE

Reference Books

Lec Nafi

Lec Nafi

PitchElevator changing

Lec Nafi

Roll

Aileronchanging

Lec Nafi

YawRudderchanging

Jet Engine

History Of Jet Engines

After world war II designers dreamed to invent an engine which can break the sound barrier (speed of sound) , which led to the discovery of gas turbine engines which was called as Jet engine.

With the development of gas turbine engine during second world war, New era of speed and altitude is revealed & Concept of intermediaries introduced

Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle were the pioneers behind today’s jet engines.

Introduction

• Jet engine is also called Gas Turbine Engine.

• • It works under the principle of Newton’s third

law which states that “For every acting force there is an equal and opposite force.’’

FAN COMPRESSOR COMBUSTOR TURBINE MIXER NOZZLE

MAIN COMPONENTS OF JET ENGINE

Jet Engine

• A jet engine is a machine designed for the purpose of creating large volumes of high velocity exhaust gases.

• This is done in order to overcome the aerodynamic drag of an airplane.

• In the process of producing high velocity exhaust, the engine also produces: Electrical Power Hydraulic Power Pneumatic power for air-conditioning & pressurization Hot Air for anti-icing protection

Basic Operation of a Jet Engine

The basic operations of Jet Engine are as follows:• Air enters the compressor where it is compressed.• Fuel is then added and ignited.• The resulting gas spins the gas turbine.• The turbine powers the compressor.• The gas then exists the engine at tailpipe.

The way a jet engine operates is similar to the way an automobile engine operates i.e.

• Intake• Compression• Ignition• exhaust

Structure of Jet Engine

JET PROPULSION SYSTEM

When the work output of the gas turbine plant is used to produce high velocity jet of hot gasses and this jet is used to propel (to push or move something with a lot of force) the vehicles in which the systems are mounted, such systems are known as jet propulsion system .

Brayton Cycle

Gas turbine engines work on Brayton power cycle.

The air enters the compressor gets compressed and the compressed air enters in to the combustion chamber, where the fuel and air are mixed and burnt and passes through the turbine, exit through nozzle with high acceleration.

Brayton Cycle

Since fresh air enters the compressor at the beginning and exhaust are thrown out at the end, this cycle is an open cycle.

By replacing the combustion process by a constant pressure heat addition process, and replacing the exhaust discharging process by a constant pressure heat rejection process, the open cycle described above can be modified as a closed cycle, called ideal Brayton cycle. The ideal Brayton cycle is made up of four internally reversible processes.

• 1-2 Isentropic compression (in a compressor) • 2-3 Constant pressure heat addition • 3-4 Isentropic expansion (in a turbine) • 4-1 Constant pressure heat rejection

Brayton Cycle:

Types Of Jet Engines

ROTARY

• TURBO JET• TURBO PROP• TURBO FAN• TURBO SHAFT

ATHODYDS

• AEROTHERMODYNAMIC DUCTS ( NO ROTORS)

RAM JETPULSE JETSCRAM JET

THESE ARE NOT THE PRIME THRUST SOURCES……

Turbojet ENGINE

Turbofan ENGINE

Turboprop ENGINE

propeller

Compressor

Combustion Chamber

Turbine

Nozzle

Turboprop ENGINE

Turboprop ENGINE

Turbo SHAFT ENGINE

Boeing 777

high-bypass turbofan aircraft engines (General Electric GE90)

Airbus A340

high-bypass turbofan

Boeing 787 Dreamliner

General Electric GEnx-1B or Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 high-bypass turbofan jet

Airbus A330

General Electric CF6-80E1Pratt & Whitney PW4000Rolls-Royce Trent 700 high-bypass turbofan engines

Airbus A350

high-bypass turbofan engines

LecNafi

ATR 72

Turboprop

Lec Nafi

Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor

Pratt & Whitney F119 (company designation PW5000[1]) is an afterburning turbofan engine

Lec Nafi

MiG-29

afterburning turbofan engine

MiG-17

Klimov VK-1, JET Engine

Lec Nafi

Cessna 205, 206, and 207

Lec Nafi

Cessna 206 Mark 2

Tubo-prop

Bell AH-1 SuperCobra

General Electric T700