mission planning for robotic and human exploration · mission planning for robotic and human...
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Mission Planning for Robotic and Human Exploration Jessica J. Marquez, Ph.D. NASA Ames Research Center
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Outline
• What is Mission Planning? • Why is planning for space missions hard? • Highlight of specialized mission planning
software tools • Future mission planning tools: Analogs
and Mars
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Spaceflight Mission Operations
Mission Opera,ons Integra,on
Program Requirem’ts
Mission Facili,es
Training Facili,es
Mission Execu,on
Mission Training
Mission Products
Mission Planning
Mission Design
Plan-Train-Fly Model http://appel.nasa.gov/2009/03/01/plan-train-and-fly-mission-operations-from-apollo-to-shuttle/
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Types of Mission Planning
Strategic
Tactical
Operational
• Strategic: focuses on identifying goals & coordinating with major events.
• Tactical: focuses on how to achieve goals with the given resources.
• Operational: exact implementation of plan.
• Both robotic & human spaceflight missions follow this process. – Difference: Implementation
of operational planning.
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Mission Planning 101
Goal: Analyze composition of Martian rock for scientists back on Earth.
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Mission Planning 101
Strategic: Allocate three days for rock analysis ² Drive to rock ² Sample rock ² Analyze rock ² Send analysis results back to Earth
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Mission Planning 101
Tactical: Drive to rock ² How far is the rover? ² Does the rover have enough power to drive there? ² When can we send the commands to drive? ² Has the rover arrived to the right location?
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Mission Planning 101 Tactical: Sample rock ² Can rover sample rock? Is rover driving? ² How move rover arm to right sample area? ² Does the rover have enough power to sample? ² When can we send the commands to sample? ² Did the rover sample the right area?
Tactical: Analyze rock ² Does the rover have enough power to analyze? ² Does the rover have enough memory for data? ² When can we send the commands to sample? ² When can we get the data?
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Mission Constraints
Marquez & Newman (2007) “Recommendations for Real-Time Decisions Support Systems for Lunar and Planetary EVAs” International Conference on Environmental Systems
Environmental Constraints
Mission Objectives
Mission Resources
Models
Mission Constraints
Operational Constraints
Operational Plan
Safety Margin
Optimize
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Tactical & Ops Planning Flow
Ac,vity Planning
Ac,vity Scheduling
Command Sequencing Execu,on
Execu,on Assessment
Constraints
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Can you imagine all the constraints, resources, and activities required for the International
Space Station?!
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SPIFe: Scheduling & Planning InterFace
2003 2015 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Mars RoversInternational Space Station
Playbook
ISS Self-Scheduling
Analog Mission Self-Scheduling
Assisted Replanning
L A S S LADEE Activity Scheduling System
Power Planning & Analysis Tool
Score
Phoenix Lander
SPIFe Scheduling & Planning Interface for Exploration
Phoenix Science Interface
Mars Exploration Rover: Maestro & MAGPEN
MSLICE Mars Science Laboratory Interface
APEX
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ISS Orbital Position & Orientation
Thruster Maneuvers, Reboosts
Docking Events
• Streamline planning, integrating multiple tools • Facilitates coordination process between
International Partners
APEX • Automatic integration of
input data & generation of output products • Significant reduction of
manual entry
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ISS Power Planning
PLATO • Automatic integration of input data
from various flight controller disciplines
• Integration of new and legacy power analysis engines
• Facilitating power management – Power produced vs. power consumed – Scheduling powerdowns – Automatic generation of shared products
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ISS Crew Planning & Scheduling Score (part of OPTIMIS toolkit) • Schedule integrates crew, ground, and payload activities
alongside ISS state information (e.g., orientation, communication availability). – Contributions from multiple flight controller disciplines, Marshall
Space Flight Center, and International Partners (Russia, Japan, European Union).
• Planning ranges from six months (1 increment) through one day (real-time planning).
• Integrates variety of external software interfaces and data; automated updates. – Plan Change Requests, Templates, Comm Availability
calculations, Procedures. • Flexible resource modeling and violations checking, enabling
resource planning. • Unique capabilities: real-time, simultaneous plan editing and
seamless plan version control.
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Score: Crew & Ground Planning
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Integration of Planning SW Tools
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Integrated Replanning: HTV
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Preparing for Future Needs
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Earth Analogs: BASALT • Simulating Mars operations: low
bandwidth & communication latency
• Evaluating different technological capabilities
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Support for Planning Execution & Crew-centric Re-Planning
Tighter & More Integrated Planning Process
Integrated Human-Robotic Planning with teams of diverse agents, requiring
geospatial planning
Future Mission Planning Challenges
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Questions? [email protected]