mission of the community veterinary emergency …...2015/04/16 · hungary 4 77 bulgary 4 2322...
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Mission of the Community Veterinary Emergency Team in
Montenegro in relation to bluetongue situation
26-27th March 2015L. Romero and A. Pina Fonseca
PAFF Committe, Brussels16th April 2015
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Terms of Reference
• To provide assistance to the scientific, technical, managerial and practical on-the-spot aspects required for the development and refinement of the control strategy for bluetongue (BT) under local conditions taking into account sound scientific basis. A particular attention should be given to use of vaccination as a control measure.
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Montenegro
Surface: 13.000 km2
Population: 660.000 citizensDistance to Italy: 250 kmAnimal population:
Bovine: 98.000 / 25.000 holdingsOvine: 190.000Goat: 26.000
No animal exports
5.400 holdings
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Montenegro: Orography
3 main areas:
- Coastal region: West- Plain region: Southwest- Highlands: Northeast
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Bluetongue situation in EU
Source: ADNS
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BTV epidemiological situation 2014-2015COUNTRY SEROTYPE
Ner. OUTBREAKS
ITALY 1, 2, 4 1621GREECE 4 3144CHIPRE 16 1
HUNGARY 4 77BULGARY 4 2322RUMANIA 4 1886CROACIA 1,4 89
Fount: ADNSSource: ADNS
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Montenegro: BTV situation 2014
Table II. Number of BT outbreaks in Montenegro (Oct.-Dec. 2014).
• BTV serological surveillance in place: 2000 samples/year• 17th of October 2014 first serological positive sample• BTV-4: Pirbright
Source: Ministry of Agriculture Montenegro
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Epidemiological data BTV outbreaks 2014
SpeciesNumber of outbreaks
No. of animals in
the outbreaks
No. of sick animals
Morbidity %
No. of dead
animals
Mortality %
Cattle 58 450 70 15,6 7 1,56
Sheep 76 3.900 160 4,1 69 1,78
Goats 1 9 6 66,0 1 11,1
TOTAL 135 4359 236 77
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BTV control measures
Table II. Number of BT outbreaks in Montenegro (Oct.-Dec. 2014).
• Although all the country is considered BTV4 restricted zone, all the movements of susceptible animals from affected municipalities to unaffected areas are banned
• Animals seriously affected by the disease were euthanized and disinsectization was applied in the outbreaks.
• Farmers are compensated for dead and culled animals
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Montenegro: BTV situation 2015
Table II. Number of BT outbreaks in Montenegro (Oct.-Dec. 2014).
• 3 outbreaks detected in February 2015 in cattle: clinical suspicious + PCR positive results in cattle, but no information about vector activity (?)
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Laboratory capability
Table II. Number of BT outbreaks in Montenegro (Oct.-Dec. 2014).
• Serological test: c-ELISA• Virological test: RT-PCR generic for all BTV serotypes
• IZSL Teramo will provide protocols and primers for BTV1 and BTV4 specific RT-PCR, VN as well as entomological expertise for Culicoides spp. identification: Strengthening Veterinary Services IPA 2011 EU Project
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Conclusions
• The main impact of BT infection in Montenegro is related to the direct losses due to animal mortality and farmers’ losses due to the disease
• Considering the characteristics of BTV infection and the expected low levels of animal population immunity, it is very likely that, due to the lack of a vaccination strategy, a major BTV4 epidemic will occur in 2015
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Conclusions
• Only the vaccination of susceptible animals can be considered an effective control tool for this disease
• There is a high risk of BTV1 incursion in Montenegro from Croatia or Italy
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Recommendations• It is strongly recommended to proceed toward the
compulsory vaccination of all susceptible domestic ruminants in the country before the next vector season
• The vaccinations should cover at least 80% of susceptible animals in a multiannual program and it should be carried out under a regional strategy in Balkan area
• BTV surveillance system should be implemented in all the country, including passive, active and entomological surveillance
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Acknowledgements
The CVET would like to express their thanks to all colleagues from Montenegro for their hospitality, great cooperation and assistence during the mission.
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Questions?
•Thanks for your attention