Introduction to Information SystemsExecutives in an organization provide leadership and direction for planning, organizing, staffing,

supervising and controlling business activities. Each of these business activities involves

decision making process. For making decisions, Executives need information. The required

information is to be provided by information specialist or by data processing department. With

the increasing competition in the era of information and knowledge based economy, the demands

for organized, need based information is increasing day by day. During the growth of a

competitive global enviroment, there is considerable pressure on most organisations to make

their operational, tactical, and strategic process more efficient and effective.

A Management Information System (MIS) is a group of components which can increase the

competitiveness and gain better information for decision making.

Elements of MIS

Consequently, many organisations decide to implement MIS in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their organisations. However, a lack of awareness of numerous and varied challenging issues surrounding the implemenation process could be problematic for the whole process. Furthermore, the problem of a lack of key success issues seems to be a serious obstacle for the management information system (MIS) implementation process. Additionally, MIS implementation has effects on an organisation and these effects are related to the consequences of the business processes. Consequently, this issue is critical and crucial for an organisation to consider when they implement a new MIS

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Management Information

System

Hardware

Software

Data

Procedures

People

Impact of MIS

Information & Organizations

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Intended effects

Unintended effects

Positive effects

Negative Effects

Organistional Impact

Group Impact

Individual Impact

Functional aspects of MISMIS is an integrated collection of functional information systems, each supporting particular functional area.

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Financial MISThis MIS provides financial information to all financial managers within an organization.

Manufacturing MIS

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Marketing MISThis MIS supports managerial activities in product development, distribution, pricing decisions & promotional effectiveness.

Human Resource MISThis type of MIS is concerned with all the activities related to employees & potential employees of the organization.

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Business functions

There are 4 major business functions:

1. Manufacturing & production.2. Sales & marketing.3. Finance & accounting.4. Human resources.

Every business regardless of its size must perform the above mentioned 4 functions to succeed. It must produce the product or service; market & sell the product; keep track of accounting & financial transactions & perform basic human resource tasks such as hiring & retaining employees.

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The order fulfillment process

Fulfilling a customer order involves a complex set of steps that require the close coordination of the sales, accounting & manufacturing functions.

Role of Information Systems in a business:Firms invest in information systems in order to:

Achieve operational excellence. Develop new products & services. Attain customer intimacy & service. Improve decision making. Promote competitive advantage. Ensure survival.

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Systems from a functional perspective

Sales & marketing systems Manufacturing & production systems Finance & accounting systems Human resources systems

Sales & Marketing systems:

They support activities for selling & marketing firm’s products or services.

Senior management: monitor trends affecting product & sales, planning for new products & services, monitor performance of competitors.

Middle management: support market research; analyze marketing campaigns, pricing decisions & sales performance.

Operational management & employees: locating & contacting potential customers, process orders, provide customer service support.

Sales Information Systems

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Manufacturing & production systems:

This system support activities for producing firm’s product or services.

Senior management: help plan long-term manufacturing goals such as technology investments & locating new plants.

Middle management: analyze & monitor manufacturing & production costs & resources.

Operational management: manage status of production tasks

An Inventory Control System

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Finance & accounting systems:

This systems support activities for managing financial assets, firm’s capitalization & financial records.

Senior management: establish long-term investment goals & provide long range forecasts of firm’s financial performance.

Middle management: oversee & control firm’s financial resources.

Operational management: track flow of funds in firm through transactions (paychecks, payments, securities reports, receipts etc.)

An Accounts Receivable System

Human resources systems

This system support activities for attracting, developing & maintaining firm’s workforce.

Senior management: identify manpower requirements (skill, education level, types & number of positions etc.) for meeting long term business plans.

Middle management: monitor & analyze recruitment, allocation & compensation of employees.

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Operational management: track recruitment & placement of employees.

An Employee Record Keeping System

Systems from a constituency perspective

Transaction processing systems It serves operational managers Its principal purpose is to answer routine questions & to track the flow of transactions

through the organization. For e.g. inventory status, granting credit to customers etc. It monitors status of internal operations & firm’s relationship with external environment. Major producer of information for other systems. It is highly central to business operations & functioning.

Management Information Systems (MIS) & Decision Support Systems (DSS) It provide middle level managers with reports on firm’s performance which helps them

to monitor firm’s operations & helps in predicting future performance. It summarizes & gives reports on basic operations using data from TPS. It provides weekly, monthly, annual results but may enable drilling down into daily &

hourly data. It is typically not very flexible system with little analytical capability.

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How MIS obtain data from Organization’s TPS

In the system illustrated by this diagram, 3 TPS supply summarized transaction data to the MIS reporting system at the end of the time period. Managers gain access to the organizational data through the MIS, which provide them with appropriate reports.

Decision Support Systems (DSS) It supports non-routine decision making for middle level management. For e.g. what

would impact on production schedules be if the sales doubled in any previous month? It uses information from TPS, MIS & external sources. The system uses various modules to analyze the data. It focuses on extracting, analyzing information from large amounts of data.

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Executive Information Systems (EIS)

This type of information serves senior managers. It addresses strategic issues & long term trends for e.g. what types of products should we

make in next 5 years? The system addresses non-routine decision making. It provides generalized computing capacity that can be applied to changing set of

problems. The system draw summarized information from MIS, DSS & data from external events. It typically uses web portal interface to present the content.

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Relationship of Systems to one-another

TPS: it is the major source of data for other systems.

EIS: it is primarily a recipient of data from lower level systems.

Exchange of data between functional areas for e.g. sales order transmitted to manufacturing system.

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The study contains detailed analysis of MIS systems implemented in various organizations

namely:

Pepsi Co

Pantaloons

Reliance Life Insurance

Objectives of Study

The objective of the study was to study the various tools and procedures adopted by various

organizations for employing an efficient and effective MIS in their respective organization to

tackle their problems and to be a leader in their respective sectors.

Research methodology

The data contained in this project is secondary data and collected from various books of renowned authors and from trusted webistes.

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ABOUT PEPSI CO

MISSION

To be the world's premier consumer products company, focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to produce healthy financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity”.

VISION

"To build India’s leading total beverage company, delighting consumers by best meeting their everyday beverage needs, and stakeholders, by delivering performance with purpose, through our talented people."

SUSTAINABILITY VISION

"PepsiCo’s responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate – environment, social, economic – creating a better tomorrow than today"

Tomorrow better than Today

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HISTORY AND PROFILE

PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and has grown to become the country’s largest selling food and Beverage Company. One of the largest multinational investors in the country, PepsiCo has established a business which aims to serve the long term dynamic needs of consumers in India.

PepsiCo nourishes consumers with a range of products from treats to healthy eats that deliver joy as well as nutrition and always, good taste. PepsiCo India’s expansive portfolio includes iconic refreshment beverages Pepsi, 7 UP, Mirinda and Mountain Dew, in addition to low calorie options such as Diet Pepsi, hydrating and nutritional beverages such as Aquafina drinking water, isotonic sports drinks - Gatorade, Tropicana 100% fruit juices, and juice based drinks – Tropicana Nectars, Tropicana Twister and Slice, non-carbonated beverage and a new innovation Nimbooz by 7Up. Local brands – Lehar Evervess Soda, Dukes Lemonade and Mangola add to the diverse range of brands.

PepsiCo’s foods company, Frito-Lay, is the leader in the branded salty snack market and all Frito Lay products are free of trans-fat and MSG. It manufactures Lay’s Potato Chips, Cheetos extruded snacks, Uncle Chipps and traditional snacks under the Kurkure and Lehar brands and the recently launched ‘Aliva’ savoury crackers. The company’s high fibre breakfast cereal, Quaker Oats, and low fat and roasted snack options enhance the healthful choices available to consumers. Frito Lay’s core products, Lay’s, Kurkure, Uncle Chipps and Cheetos are cooked in Rice Bran Oil to significantly reduce saturated fats and all of its products contain voluntary nutritional labeling on their packets.

The group has built an expansive beverage and foods business. To support its operations, PepsiCo has 36 bottling plants in India, of which 13 are company owned and 23 are franchisee owned. In addition to this, PepsiCo’s Frito Lay foods division has 3 state-of-the-art plants. PepsiCo’s business is based on its sustainability vision of making tomorrow better than today. PepsiCo’s commitment to living by this vision every day is visible in its contribution to the country, consumers and farmers.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient snacks, foods & beverages, with revenue of more than $39 billion & more than 1, 85,000 employees. The company consists of PepsiCo American Foods (PAF), PepsiCo Americas Beverages (PAB) & PepsiCo International (PI). PAF includes Frito-lay North America, Quaker foods North America & all Latin America food & snack businesses. PAB includes PepsiCo Beverages North America & all Latin America beverage businesses. PI includes all PepsiCo businesses in UK, Europe, Asia, Middle East & Africa. PepsiCo brands are available in nearly 200 countries & generate sales at the retail level of more than $98 billion. Some of PepsiCo’s brands names are more than 100 years old, but the corporation is relatively young. PepsiCo was founded in 1965 through a merger of Pepsi-Cola & Frito-Lay. Tropicana was acquired in 1998 & PepsiCo merged with Quaker Oats Company, including Gatorade, in 2001.

PepsiCo offers product choices to meet a broad variety of needs & preferences – from fun-for-you items to product choices that contribute to healthier lifestyles. PepsiCo’s mission is “To be the world’s premiere consumer “Products Company” focused on convenient foods & beverages. We seek to produce healthy financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth & enrichment to our employees, our business partners & the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness & integrity.”

Pepsi Co Headquarters

PepsiCo World Headquarters is located in Purchase, New York. The 7 building headquarters complex was designed by Edward Durrell Stone, one of America’s foremost architects.

The unit of PepsiCo we visited manages the supply for several wholesalers, retailers, restaurants, hotels & other such food outlets. In order to achieve the projected sales target effectively, the organization ensures a comprehensive strategic alignment with the overall PepsiCo’s business strategy. The unit’s primary functions are to conduct a systematic manufacturing & supply of the product without any tactical flaws. Pepsi products are safe, Pepsi analyze water, sugar & flavorings in accordance with the best international guidelines. Pepsi products comply with most stringent international regulations, including the new regulations for carbonated soft-drinks.

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Management Information System In PepsiCo

The microcomputers are linked up to PepsiCo’s central computer system daily to update inventory information system. Management estimates that over $25,000 (Rs. 12,50,000) per year may be saved because of the system.

1. In PepsiCo it helps to recognize market trends: MIS helps PepsiCo’s managers to recognize market trends, in respect of price, designs of products, fashions etc. timely information of the market trend enable the firm to follow the right course of action.

2. It facilitates marketing planning & control: effective marketing planning is required in terms of product planning, pricing, promotion & distribution. Such planning will be possible only if the company is possessing adequate & relevant information. This is also possible through MIS.

3. Quick supply of information in PepsiCo: today a form has to take quick decisions, for this purpose it requires fast flow of information which is facilitated by a properly designed MIS.

4. Improves quality of decision making: properly designed MIS supplies reliable & relevant information. With the help of computers & other data processing equipments, the marketing managers over there can make effective decisions at the right time.

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Status of MIS

Computer Based Information Systems:

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Information exchange between companies.

Direct Exchange (DEX) Information exchange between hand-held computer & store’s delivery system.

Strategic Business Units1. A distinct mission & specific target market.2. Control over their resources.3. Their own competitors.4. Plans independent of other businesses.

Business ProcessThere are so many products, operations centers, & offices required for massive co-ordination of each department, activity, geographic location & employees. PepsiCo uses MySAP Business Suite applications in the management of their enterprise resource management. The systems help to standardize the internal software & systems through the elimination of legacy systems, thus reducing the redundancy & error that are common in nature of legacy systems. The system is built with the industry best practices that allow Pepsi to be at the forefront of the industry in each area of the business.

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PANTALOONS Retail (India) Limited

Vision of Pantaloons

Pantaloons has a broad vision of delivering everything,

everywhere, every time for every Indian consumer in the most

profitable manner.

Mission Statement of Pantaloons

Pantaloons share the vision and belief that its customers and stakeholders can be served

only by creating and executing future scenarios in the consumption space leading to

economic development.

It will be the trendsetter in evolving delivery formats, creating retail reality and making

consumption affordable for all customer segments—for classes and for masses.

It will infuse Indian brands with confidence and renewed ambition.

It will be efficient, cost conscious and committed to quality in whatever it does.

It will ensure that its positive attitude, sincerity, humility and united determination are the

driving forces that make it successful.

Business Objectives of Pantaloons

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To grab the full wallet of the consumer by capturing the whole consumer space: It is a concept

given by Kishore Biyani, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Future Group; he believes that

everything (petroleum, telecommunication, banking, etc.) comes under retail and thus the firm

can grab the full wallet of the consumer.

Design of MIS in Pantaloons

It is said that the recipe for making a good decision is 90 per cent information and 10 per cent

inspiration. It is viewed that the following areas in Pantaloons are the most important areas

through which business efficiency can be promoted:

Stockholding report

Sales report

Age analysis

Operating parameters

Stockholding Report: First-hand information about stock availability is considered to be the most

important information for use by department and store managers. A format marked ‘A’ has been

evolved to provide information regarding the availability of each item every day. This format

gives information about the opening and closing stocks of the day in terms of quantity and

amount. This information is specific to one unit only because its storage capacity is limited and

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predetermined and may not compare with other sister units. Hence, this information is used for

the appraisal by the department manager and store manager of respective units only.

Sales Report: Format ‘B’ is the proposed MIS for sales reports to provide data related to daily

sales. The format includes cost price, maximum retail price, discount, margin (gross and net) and

achievement for a particular item in the showcase. At the right end of the format, achievement is

shown in terms of target sales and actual sales. The targets for different units will be different.

Hence, comparison of this information may not be meaningful. The most important parameter is

sales. Here, the column is widened to include the data in terms of amounts achieved by other

sister units also. A comparison and view of this information on sales head will give rise to an

expectation for the gradual increase in sales turnout. This will ultimately help in creating a sense

of competition among the units and thereby the growth of the organization.

Age Analysis Report: It is important to keep track of stock movement for any item placed in the

showcase. Format ‘C’ is proposed to be raised on a weekly basis. This gives specific information

regarding the number of days for which any incoming consignment is held in the floor. This will

be helpful in tailoring the frequency of accepting incoming consignment for a particular store. A

detailed analysis of the information in this format will also provide knowledge about the

fluctuation in demand with the change of seasons, that is, seasonal demands. This format,

however, cannot be used for the comparison of performance of other units.

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Operating Parameters: Format ‘D’ is planned to include information regarding the quantum of

conversion of visiting/intending customers to real customers. This information is important to a

very high degree for any unit. This speaks more of the efficiency of sales executives in

converting individuals intending to buy a product to real customers. This indicates the positive

and caring attitude of sales executives towards the visiting customers. In other words, increase in

efficiency focuses on the ability to improve selling skills. The format includes information on the

customer conversion head achieved by different units. This makes a unit aware of its efficiency

compared with other units.

MIS Tools used in Pantaloons

All the Pantaloons store units are presently using SAP Systems Evaluation Programme and REM

for generating reports from the system. Initially, they were using the REM system for generating

reports. In 2006, Pantaloons first implemented SAP in its operation process. SAP is the upgraded

version of REM, in which all the stores get all the reports required for their operations as well as

the comparisons of their performance with other sister units.

Discussion and Findings

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MIS of Pantaloons and MIS of other stores like Shoppers Stop, etc., differ on the basis of

merchandise selection.

MIS across the Future Group retail stores, viz, Pantaloons, Central and Big Bazaar, are

similar with product diversification, that is, category of products across different retail

outlets, as the major differentiator.

Analysis of reports is done at one place using SAP (BIW), and it is found that SAP is

more effective than REM, which was used earlier.

It was found that REM is not able to give accurate data; so it was changed to SAP (BIW).

In the transition period there were many difficulties: For example, eight to 10 people who

were trained across the globe for implementing SAP left their jobs.

In Pantaloons, the major thrust is on effective utilization of shop floor and of unused

retail space.

Any sister concern of the Future Group gives profit to the concerned store if the store

utilizes its shop floor.

Trend analysis for the demand is predicted, which helps to increase the sales for the season.

Increased marketing efficiency and effectiveness.

Reliance Life Insurance

RLI is an associate company of Reliance Capital Limited, which is a part of Reliance-

Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group.

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The characteristics of RLI are as follows:

One of the fastest gainers of market share in new business premium among the private

players with an incremental market share.

Continues to be one among the fast-growing private life insurance companies in the

country with a year-over-year growth of 195 per

cent in new business premium.

A company that crossed 1.7 million policies in just

two years into its operation, post the takeover of

AMP Sanmar business.

Initiated Express Life, a unique over-the-

counter sales process for unit-linked insurance

policies (ULIPS) in the industry.

Accomplished a large distribution ramp-up in the industry in a short span of time by

opening 600 branches in 10 months, taking the overall branch network to more than 740

branches.

Continues to be one of the two life insurance companies in India that have been

certified ISO 9001:2000 for all their processes.

Awarded the Jamnalal Bajaj Uchit Vyavahar Puraskar 2007- Certificate of Merit in the

financial services category by the Council for Fair Business Practices (CFBP).

Vision and Mission of the Company

The vision of the company is- Empowering everyone to live their dreams.

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The mission of RLI is to- Create unmatched value for everyone through dependable,

effective, transparent and profitable life insurance and pension plans.

Issues and Challenges faced by RLI

RLI is a relatively new entrant in the insurance sector. To attract customers, RLI targets the

urban youth segment. The younger generation prefers life insurance as a saving as well as

investment option. As a result, most of the products in RLI's portfolio are ULIPs. The customer

expectancy of value addition in terms of equity-linked gain and collateralization of policy for

loans requires collaboration with multiple agencies. New opportunities in pension funds and

stringent regulatory compliance present opportunities as well as challenges to RLI. These

challenges and issues are summarized as follows:

Business challenges and issues for industry

Technical challenges and issues

Business Challenges and Issues for Industry

Negative underwriting of (property and casualty)- claims' cost continues to rise

Price increase in select markets, in response to loss of trends, litigation and state

regulators

Disproportionate manual operation and high paperwork

Increasing global competition

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Pressure of regulatory compliance

Increasing customer expectation

Efficient and effective service- changing requirements

Requirements to provide high benefits at low prices

Compelling product changes

Unfavourable trends in investment returns

Slow penetration of new products and competitive time to go to market

Issues in channel management

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Operations Strategy of RLI

The major dimensions that form the competitive position of the company include the

following:

1. Cost- ‘make it cheap’

2. Product quality and reliability- ‘make it good’

3. Delivery speed- ‘make it fast’

4. Delivery reliability- ‘deliver it when promised’

5. Coping with the changes in demand- ‘change its volume’

6. Flexibility and new product introduction speed- ‘change it’

7. Other product criterion- ‘support it’

An operation cannot excel simultaneously on all the competitive dimensions. Consequently,

a firm's management has to decide which parameters of performance are critical to the firm's

success and then concentrate on these characteristics.

Use of Information Systems in RLI

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The use of an information system in the insurance industry helps the industry in the

following ways:

1. Manage customer relationship

2. Manage sales force effectively

3. Help customers to instantly access information, and provide solutions instantly

4. Remind customers of service requirements, and provide periodic follow-up and alerts

5. Online enquiry and transactions providing customer satisfaction

6. Automatic reporting and metrics to monitor performance and productivity

Software Tools used in RLI

IBM Lotus Notes: The Notes client is mainly used as an email client, but it can also be used as a

browser, notebook and calendar/resource reservation client, as well as a platform for interacting

with collaborative applications.

SAP R/3: The enterprise software helps to store and retrieve all details about transactions related

to different departments. These are Web-based transactions that help RLI to carry out its

business in an efficient manner.

PTS: PTS is used to retrieve the information of all policy holders and policies, collection

remainder, overdues and penalties.

SafeBoot: This is used for data security by encrypting customer data so that unauthorized

accesses can be reduced

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Redress Percentage

With the increase in competition in the insurance sector in India, there is a dire need for

each and every insurance company to not only attract customers but also retain the customer

base. For a new company like RLI, it is important to strive in a highly competitive market. For

this, customers should be given prime importance and their problems must be addressed without

any delay so as to retain them.

Redress percentage is measured to achieve the strategic objective in customer

perspective. This is a part of grievance management. This is done in order to know how far the

company has been successful in solving the problems of its customers.

Sample MIS Report

Before selling a particular policy to a customer, the advisor gives the customer a policy

brochure, which contains all the details about the policy. Then, if the customer is satisfied with

the plan, the transaction process starts. The policy purchased by a customer is mentioned in the

MIS template.

Every customer is given a separate application form with a unique number. This

application is forwarded by the advisor to the branch office from where, after verification, it is

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sent to the head office. The time taken for the process is called TAT. This is mentioned in the

sample MIS template.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Cost Involved

There are three types of costs involved in implementing a MIS. They are as follows:

Acquisition cost - These are the costs related to the initial purchase of software and

hardware. Hardware includes server, router, switch, hub and magnetic storage, whereas

software includes SAP R/3, Lotus Notes and link charges.

Directly related costs - These are the costs involved in deploying and maintaining the

technology platform, along with the cost of developing, supporting and integrating

applications. Commissioning of SAP, application development and system maintenance

come under directly related cost.

Consequential cost - These costs include the costs of both planned and unplanned

downtime, which are often hefty and difficult to quantify, and can include loss of revenue

opportunities, the cost of capital wasted in idle productivity or the cost of damaged

business relationships with partners and customers.

Benefits of using MIS

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By using MIS, RLI can respond effectively to the needs of its customers; more customers

are willing to buy the insurance products, resulting in an increase in the number of RLI's

customers.

Efficiency of the sales team goes up as their systems and processes are computerized and

as they have discarded paper systems. The time gained in this manner can be spent for

customer engagements, thereby increasing the company's productivity, which in turn

results in increased sales.

Ease in the collection of data regarding claims and also in the collection of feedback.

Ease in paying premium for customers.

Increased marketing efficiency and effectiveness.

Questionnaire

1. Does management developed and maintained a current MIS policy or practice?

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Yes, we have been following the policy of MIS.

2. What is time period for which Company is using MIS?

We have been using MIS for past three to 0four years.

3. How did MIS policy helped the organisation in improving its efficiency and profitability?

Adopting MIS was of great benefit to the organisation and in the past years it has helped

us to improve our efficiency very much.

4. Does the policy or practice reviewed and updated regularly?

The policy regularly been updated and whenever the need arises for a newer policy or we

feel that the existing system has become obsolete then we prefer updating of our system.

5. When was the last time that you updated your MIS policy?

It has been around 3-4 months since we had updated the system.

6. What are the security norms for handling the policy incorporate?

It does require user approval at all phases and for all the employees without which the system

cannot be accessed.

7. Are there any benefits which you would like to mention?

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The payroll of the employees are properly maintained without any mistakes and the

amount of pilferage has substantially reduced. Also the placement of order to maintain the proper

stock quantity has become very easy, This is also avoid stock out situation as well as over stock

situation. And there are various other benefits also.

8. What type of management information require the most production effort?

The maintenance of Financial Statements and reconciliation requires the most production

effort.

9. Did you train and instruct the employees for the operation of MIS?

Yes, we do train the new employees so that they should be efficient and well equipped

with the system.

10. Do you have any mechanism through which any shortcoming or weakness may be reported?

Yes, we do have a suggestion box at the counter as well as we take a bi-monthly feedback

from our employees so as to improve our performance and overcome our weaknesses.

Conclusion

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Insurance industry must tap new geographical areas. They must introduce innovative products to

reach wider segments of the population. They must ensure that customers get the right kind of

information and solution so that customers can meet their real needs. The life insurance industry

is in its infancy in India, and the focus of all the current players is geared towards growth in an

underinsured market. But ultimately, the survivors will be the ones who are able to build a

sustainable business. As has been discussed throughout the chapter, information systems help the

companies to sustain their business through increased customer focus, efficient sales force

management and lower cost of operation.

Comparison

The three companies viz. PepsiCo, Pantaloons, Reliance Life Insurance belong to three

distinct industries. Hence, comparing their MIS system would not only be impossible but also

inappropriate, unfair and unreasonable.

However, on a second thought, the MIS system used in Reliance Life Insurance and

PepsiCO are far more better and realistic in nature. Their MIS system yielded results not only in

the short term but also would result in long term benefits.

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Bibliography

www.pantaloon.com

www.moneycontrol.com

www.sebi.gov.in/dp/pantaloon.pdf

www.reliancelife.co.in

www.pepsicoindia.co.in

Information Systems for Managers, Gabriel Pacioli

Using MIS, David Kroenki

Data Governance, Ladley

MIS, Kenneth Lauden

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