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TRANSCRIPT
AssessmentDecisionsandAccommodationsforStudentswithDisabilities
EricKloos|AssistantDirector,SpecialEducationDivision
GarrettPetrie|EducationSpecialist,SpecialEducationDivision
May17,2019
MinnesotaAdministratorsforSpecialEducation(MASE)
BestPracticesConferenceBrainerd,MN
Takeaways
WhatcanwerecommendtosupportIEPteamsto:
• Ensurethataccommodationsthataregeneralsupportsareprovidedduringassessment?
• Findresourcestohelpselectanddocumentaccommodationsforinstructionandassessment?
• ConsidertheMTASiftheMCAwithaccommodationsisnotanappropriatemeasure?
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OpeningDiscussion
Whatisthepurposeforstudentswithdisabilitiestoparticipateinstatewideassessments,includingalternateassessments?
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BriefOverviewofAssessment
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Adaptedfrom“AssessmentToday:HowWeGotHereandWhereWeareGoing”Dr.MarthaThurlow,NationalCenteronEducationalOutcomes,April13,2016Source:https://nceo.info/Resources/presentationsVideo:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8Ob9WwJ-tk
ToStartthe1990s
• Moststatesdidnotincludestudentswithdisabilitiesintheirassessmentsystems
• Studentswithdisabilities(alldisabilities)wereheldtodifferentexpectations
• Lessthoughtwasgiventoaccommodationsthatstudentsmightneedininstructiontoaccessthecurriculum,muchlesshowtouseuniversaldesignprinciplesforinstructionandassessment
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1990s
• EHArenamedIDEAin1990
• ESEAreauthorizedasIASAin1994–firstrequiredparticipationinstateassessmentsforTitleI
• IDEAreauthorizationin1997–firstrequiredparticipationinstateassessmentsanddevelopmentofalternateassessments
• NCEOfirstfunded
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2000s
• ESEAreauthorizedasNCLBin2001(signedin2002)
• IDEAreauthorizedin2004toconfirminclusioninaccountability(plusnewrequirementtocountstudentsusingaccommodations)
• ADAreauthorizedin2008–expandingcoverage
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2010s
• Race-to-the-TopAssessmentconsortialaunched
• AlternateAssessmentbasedonAlternateAcademicStandards(AA-AAS)consortialaunched
• Englishlanguageproficiency(ELP)assessmentconsortialaunched
• Flexibilityforaccountabilityintroduced
• OSEPinitiatesResultsDrivenAccountability(RDA)
• Accessibilityfeaturesintestingbecomemoreavailabletoallstudents• Accommodationsareasubsetofthesefeaturesmustbeconsideredandprovidedforstudentswithdisabilities
• Someaccessibilityfeaturesavailablenowmayhavebeenconsideredaccommodationsinthepast,orwerenotevenavailableasaccommodations
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OurCurrentContextinMinnesotaforStatewideAccountabilityAssessments
• Allaccountabilitytestsareonline,buthavepaperaccommodations(largeprint,braille).
• Generalsupportsareavailableforallstudentsandaccommodationsareavailableforstudentswithdisabilities.
• Accessibilitytoolsembeddedinonlinetestsareavailabletoallstudents.
• LimitedadoptionofPersonalNeedsProfile(PNP).
• AccommodationsmustbedocumentedinIEPsor504Plans;itisstronglyrecommendedsupportsalsobedocumented.
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Ensureaccommodationswhenavailableasgeneralsupports
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MinnesotaStatewideAssessmentsPage
http://minnesota.pearsonaccessnext.com
RoleofSupportsandAccommodations
• Allpublicschoolstudentsparticipateinstatewideassessments.However,itisimportanttoclarifytheroleofsupportsandaccommodationsinthesedecisionswhenconsideringhowstudentswillparticipateinassessments.
• Supportsandaccommodationsdonotchangetheconstructintendedtobemeasuredbytheassessmentortheintegrityoftestresults.
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GeneralSupportsDefined
Featuresorpracticesavailableforallstudentsthattailorthetestingexperiencebasedonstudentneedsorpreferences.
Generalsupportsincludes:
• Onlinetoolsandaccessibilityfeaturesavailableinonlineassessments
• Generaltest-takingpractices
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SupportorAccommodation?
1. Sensorytools(e.g.,fidgets,weightedpads)?
2. Specialsettings
3. Handheldcalculatorforgrades3–8mathematics
4. 12-pointregularprintpapertestbookforreadingandmathematics
5. Mathematicsmanipulativesandanabacusforgrade11MathematicsMCA
6. Templatestoreducethevisualprintfield
7. Extendedtestingtime
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SummaryofGeneralSupportsAvailableforAllStudents:
Presentation
Presentation
• Amplificationdevices
• Classroommaterials:• Coloroverlay
• Highlighter
• Low-visionaids
• Magnifier
• Pencilgrips
• Placemarker
• Templatestoreducethevisualprintfield
Presentation(continued)
• Differentmonitorscreensizeandresolution
• Repeateddirectionsorwrittenversionofdirections
• Sensorytools(e.g.,fidgets,weightedpads)
• Toolsinonlineassessments
• Voicefeedbackdevices/whisperphonesorstudentreadingthetestoutloud
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SummaryofGeneralSupportsAvailableforAllStudents:
Setting,Timing/SchedulingandResponse
Setting
• Individualorsmall-groupsettings
• Musicornoisebuffers
• Specialsettings
Timing/Scheduling
• Differenttimeofday
• Extendedtestingtime
Response
• Calculatoruse
• Lattices,diagrams,orcharts
• Mathematicsmanipulativesandanabacusforgrade11MathematicsMCA
• Scratchpaper
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ExampleofaGeneralSupportAvailabletoAllStudents:SchedulingRecommendationsforAllStudents
• Usetheestimatedtestadministrationtimestoscheduletestsessionsbasedontime,ratherthanbysection,becausestudentsmayexitthetestatanypoint.
• Studentsarenotrequiredtocompleteasectionbeforeexiting,completethesamenumberofitems,orexitinthesameplaceasotherstudents.
• Studentsmustanswereachitembeforetheycangotothenextitem,buttheycanreviewtheiranswersbeforegoingtothenextsectionorbeforeexitingthetest.
• TestMonitorsshouldusescriptedlanguageintheDirectionsforOnlineAdministrationstoalertstudentspriortotheendoftheday’stestingsothattheyhavetimetoreviewtheiranswersbeforeexiting.
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EstimatedTestAdministrationTimesforReadingMCA
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GradeandTest TotalNumberofPassagesandItems
TotalTestAdministration
3ReadingMCA 8–9passages,57items 2.5–3.5hours
4ReadingMCA 7–9passages,58items 2.5–3.5hours
5ReadingMCA 7–9passages,58items 2.5–3.5hours
6ReadingMCA 8–9passages,63items 2.5–3.5hours
7ReadingMCA 8passages,64items 2.5–3.5hours
8ReadingMCA 8–9passages,64items 2.5–3.5hours
10ReadingMCA 7–9passages,61items 2–3hours
EstimatedTestAdministrationTimesforMathematicsMCA
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GradeandTest TotalNumberofItems TotalTestAdministration
3–4MathematicsMCA 58 1.5–2hours
5–6MathematicsMCA 60 1.5–2.5hours
7–8MathematicsMCA 63 2–3hours
11MathematicsMCA 55 1.5–2.5hours
AccommodationsBasedonGeneralSupportsforIEPTeamstoConsider:StudentsExitingTest
Usetheestimatedtestadministrationtimestoscheduletestsessionsbasedontime,ratherthanbysection,becausestudentsmayexitthetestatanypoint.
ConsiderationforIEPTeams:Oncestudentsexitthetestformorethan20minutesorstoptestingfortheday,theycannotaccessanyitemscompletedpreviously.
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AccommodationsBasedonGeneralSupportsforIEPTeamstoConsider:StudentsExitingSection
Studentsarenotrequiredtocompleteasectionbeforeexiting.
ConsiderationforIEPTeams:ForReadingandScienceMCA,studentsmayexitatanytimewithinapassageorscenario,aseachitemisshownwithitsassociatedpassageorscenario.However,studentsmaychoosetocompleteapassageorscenariobeforeexitingsotheydonotneedtoreaditagainwhentheyresumetesting.
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AccommodationsBasedonGeneralSupportsforIEPTeamstoConsider:MonitorsAlertingTime
TestMonitorsshouldusescriptedlanguageintheDirectionsforOnlineAdministrationstoalertstudentspriortotheendoftheday’stestingsothattheyhavetimetoreviewtheiranswersbeforeexiting.
ConsiderationforIEPTeams:TestMonitorsmaynotreviewstudentteststodeterminewherestudentsshouldexit.
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YourThoughts?
“Supportsarenotconsideredaccommodationsanddocumentationoftheiruseisnotrequired.However,ifastudenthasanIEPor504plan,supportsareoftendocumentedtoensuretheyareprovidedduringtesting.”
HowmightanIEPteamensureaccommodationsareprovidedwhentheyareavailableasgeneralsupports?
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Selectinganddocumentingaccommodations
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Discussion
Howaretheexperiencessimilarordifferentforstudentswithdisabilitiesparticipatinginastatewideassessment?
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DataInformedAccessibility–MakingOptimalNeeds-basedDecisions(DIAMOND)
https://nceo.info/About/projects/nceoprojects/diamond
AccessibilityFeatures
Definition:Achangeinmaterialsorproceduresfromthosethatmightbeusedtypicallyintheclassroomorduringatestingsession.
• Providesgreateraccesstostudentswhosecharacteristicsorneedsdifferfromthoseofotherstudents.
• Allstudentsareeligibleforaccessibilityfeaturesiftheyhaveaspecificaccessneed.
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RelationshipBetweenAccommodationsandAccessibilityFeatures
Accommodationsareasubsetofaccessibilityfeatures.
• Changesthewayatestisadministeredtoreduceoreliminatetheeffectsofadisability.
• OnlyavailabletostudentswithanIEPor504plan.
• AllneededaccommodationsaredocumentedannuallyintheIEPor504planpriortotesting.
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GeneralGuidanceforSelectingAccommodations
• Selectingappropriateaccessibilityfeaturesforanindividualstudentrequiresknowingthestudent’scharacteristicsandneeds.
• Italsorequiresknowingthetargetskillsfortheinstructionalorassessmenttaskathand,aswellashowthestudentwillneedtoparticipateinthattask.
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PotentialRisksforSelectingAccommodationsWhenAccessibilityFeaturesareAvailabletoAll
Wheneducatorsknowstudents’characteristicsandneedsandunderstandtheskillstargetedforinstructionandassessments,itcanavoidsomepotentialrisks.Over-accommodatingDecidingthatanindividualstudentneedseverypossibleaccessibilityfeatureavailable.BlanketaccommodatingProvidingaccessibilityfeaturestoallstudentsinagrouporclassratherthancustomizingthemtomeeteachindividualstudent’sneeds.NotaccommodatingAssumingaccessibilityfeaturesavailabletoallstudentsareenoughand/ortheywillgetusedbecausetheyarethere.Notprovidingaccommodationsindailyinstructiontoallowstudentstopracticeandassesstheiruse.
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ConsiderationAreasforEachStudent
• Sensorylimitations(e.g.,visionorhearingimpairment)
• Physicallimitations
• Processingspeed
• Attentionissues
• Sociallimitations
• DevelopingEnglishlanguageskills
• Acculturationlevels
• Familiaritywithtechnology
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SummaryofAccommodationsAvailableforStudentswithDisabilities:
PresentationAccommodationsforMCA
Presentation
• 12-pointregularprintpapertestbookforreadingandmathematics
• Accommodatedtext-to-speechformathematicsandscience
• Assistivetechnology
• Brailleversionsoftestbooks
• Handheldcalculatorforgrades3–8mathematics(requiresuseofpapertestbook)
• Largeprinttestbook
Presentation(continued)
• Mathematicsmanipulativesandanabacusforgrades3–8mathematics(requiresuseofpapertestbook)
• Recordingareadingtest
• Scriptsformathematics(requiresuseofpapertestbook)
• Scriptsforscience(forusewiththeonlineassessmentorpaperaccommodatedtestmaterials)
• Signedinterpretationofmathematicsandsciencescripts
• Signedinterpretationoftestdirections
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SummaryofAccommodationsAvailableforStudentswithDisabilities:
ResponseFormatandOtherAccommodationsforMCA
ResponseFormat
• Assistivetechnology
• Audiorecordingfortranscription
• Brailleorothernote-takingdevice
• Scribe(withtranscriptionintothetestbookoronlinetest)
OtherAccommodations
• IfanIEPor504planteamwanttorequesttheuseofanaccommodationnotonthislist,[email protected].
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ConsideringMTASeligibility
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StatewideAssessmentsofGrade-LevelStandards
• MinnesotaComprehensiveAssessments(MCAs)
• Thesearetheassessmentsmostofthestudentpopulationwilltake(99%orso)
• MinnesotaTestofAcademicSkills(MTAS)
• Thisassessmentisanalternateassessmentalignedwithalternateacademicachievementstandardsdesignedforthestudentswiththemostsignificantcognitivedisabilities
• FederalexpectationwithESSAthatthetotalstatewidestudentparticipationdoesnotexceed1%ofstudentsforeachsubjectassessed
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34C.F.R.§300.160(c)(1);20U.S.C.§6311(b)(1)(E)
StatewideAssessmentAdministration
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Source:MDE2018-19ProceduresManualfortheMinnesotaAssessments
IntersectionofIDEAandESSA
• Federallawrequiresallstudents,includingstudentswithdisabilities,tobeincludedinallgeneralstateanddistrict-wideassessmentprograms,withappropriateaccommodationsandalternateassessments,asindicatedintheirrespectiveIEPs
• AccommodationsareidentifiedbytheState;can’tinvalidatethescore
• StaterequiredtodevelopguidelinesforparticipatinginMTASforthosestudentswithdisabilitieswhocannotparticipateinMCA,evenwithaccommodations
• ThesestudentsareregularlyreferredtoinbothIDEAandESSAasthestudentswiththemostsignificantcognitivedisabilities
See34C.F.R.§300.160
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2001NCLBAct(FinalRegulations2003)• 1%caponthepercentageofthetotaltestedstudentpopulationthatcouldcountasproficientonalternateassessmentsbasedonalternateacademicachievementstandards.
• ThiswasnotacaponparticipationwithparticipationdecidedatastudentlevelbytheIEPteam.
2015ESSA(FinalRegulations2016)• ThetotalnumberofstudentsatthestateleveltestedusinganAlternateAssessmentAlignedwithAlternateAcademicAchievementStandards(AA-AAAS)maynotexceed1.0%ofthetotalnumberofstudentsintheStatewhoareassessedinasubject.
• Proficiencycaphasbeenchangedtostatewideparticipationcapwithstudent-levelparticipationdecisionsmadebytheirIEPteam.
AlternateAssessmentCap:
ABriefHistory
NoChildLeftBehind(NCLB)FinalRegulations
2003
EveryStudentSucceedsAct
(ESSA)FinalRegulations
2016
ThingsthatChanged:ESSAAlternateAssessmentParticipationCapRequirement
• ESSAchanged1%captobebasedontheparticipationrateratherthanthenumberofproficiencyscoresthatcouldbeusedinAYPcalculations.
• ESSAplacedthe1%caponthestateparticipationrateforeachcontentarea,basedonthenumberofstudentsexpectedtotest.
• Thestatutorylanguagedoesnotauthorizealocaleducationagency(LEA)capontheadministrationoftheseassessments,butdoesrequireLEAstosubmitinformationtothestatejustifyingtheneedtoexceedsuchcap.
• StatesarerequiredtoprovideadditionaloversightforLEAswhoareexceeding1%participation.
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ThingsThatStaytheSame:IEPTeamDetermination
• Thestudent’sIndividualizedEducationProgram(IEP)team,whichincludesthechild’sparents,decideshowastudentwillparticipate.Thedecisionmustbe:• Individualized,
• Basedonthestudent’seducationalneeds,and
• Madeannually.
• Independentdecisionsneedtobemadeforreading,mathematics,andscience.
• StatesmustestablishclearandappropriateguidelinesforIEPteams.
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IntersectionofIDEAandESSA
• ConceptofMTAS:alternateassessmentwithalternateacademicachievementstandardsforstudentswiththemostsignificantcognitivedisabilities
• Stillneedtopromoteaccesstogeneraleducationcurriculumandensurestudentswhomeetalternatestandardsareontracktopursuepostsecondaryeducationoremployment
• OnePercentCap:onepercentcaponMTAStakersinState,notdistrict
• Districtsthatexceed1percentcap“shallsubmitinformationtoState...justifyingtheneedtoexceedsuchcap.”
• Statehasappropriateoversight,asdeterminedbyState,oversuchrequests.
• Statemustmakesuchinformationsubmittedbydistrict“publiclyavailable.”
See20U.S.C.§6311(b)(2)(D)
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WhoAre“StudentsWithTheMostSignificantCognitiveDisabilities?”NationalPerspective
• IDEAregulationsdidnotcreateanewcategoryofdisability
• InaQ&A,USDoEintendedtheterm“studentswiththemostsignificantcognitivedisabilities”toincludethatsmallnumberofstudentswhoare
1. WithinoneormoreoftheexistingcategoriesofdisabilityundertheIDEA(e.g.,autism,multipledisabilities,traumaticbraininjury,etc.);and
2. Whosecognitiveimpairmentsmaypreventthemfromattaininggrade-levelachievementstandards,evenwiththeverybestinstruction
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WhoAre“StudentsWithTheMostSignificantCognitiveDisabilities?”StateResponsibility
• ItistheState’sresponsibilitytodefinewhichstudentshavethemostsignificantcognitivedisabilities.
• ItalsoistheState’sresponsibilitytoestablishclearandappropriateguidelinesforIEPteamstousewhendecidingifanalternateassessmentbasedonalternateachievementstandardsisjustifiedforanindividualchild.
• Theseguidelinesshouldprovideparametersanddirectiontoensurethatstudentsarenotassessedbasedonalternateachievementstandardsmerelybecauseoftheirplacementoutsidetheregularclassroom,theirdisabilitycategory,ortheirracialoreconomicbackground.
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AnnualIEPTeamDecision
IEPteamscontinuetoensurethatalternateassessmentparticipationdecisionsarenotmadebasedonthefollowingfactors:
• Student’sdisabilitycategory
• Placement
• Participationinaseparate,specializedcurriculum
• AnexpectationthatthestudentwillreceivealowscoreontheMCA
• Language,social,culturaloreconomicdifferences
• Concernforaccountabilitycalculations
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EligibilityRequirementsfortheMTAS
• Howtodeterminethemostappropriateassessmentoptionsforstudentswiththemostsignificantcognitivedisabilities
• MTASEligibilityGuidelines–setsforthguidelinesIEPteamsmustapplyatlestannuallyinmakingthisparticipationdecision,andseparatelyformath,readingandscience
1.ConsidertheMCA–withorwithoutaccommodations.
2.EstablishtheMCAisnotanappropriatemeasureofstudent’sknowledgeandskillsongrade-levelcontentstandards.
3.Ensurethestudent’saccesstothegeneraleducationcurriculumtotheextentappropriate.
• Likelythatgeneraleducationcurriculumwillbesubstantiallysimplifiedforthisgroupofstudents
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EligibilityRequirementsfortheMTAS
MTASmaybeappropriateifallofthefollowingfiverequirementsaremet:
1. IEPteamfirstconsideredstudent’sabilitytoaccessMCA,withorwithoutaccommodations.
2. IEPteamreviewedstudent’sinstructionalprogramtoensurestudentisreceivinginstructionlinkedtogeneraleducationcurriculum,toextentappropriate.
3. IEPteamdeterminedstudent’scognitivefunctioningtobesignificantlybelowage-expectations.IEPteamalsodeterminedstudent’sdisabilityhasasignificantimpactonhis/herabilitytofunctioninmultipleenvironments.
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EligibilityRequirementsfortheMTAS(continued)
4. IEPteamdeterminedstudentneedsexplicitandintensiveinstructionand/orextensivesupportsinmultiplesettingstoacquire,maintain,andgeneralizeacademicandlifeskillsinordertoactivelyparticipateinschool,work,home,andcommunityenvironments.
5. IEPteamdocumented,intheIEP,reasonsMCAwouldnotbeappropriatemeasureofstudent’sacademicprogressandhowstudentwouldparticipateinstatewidetesting.
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YouThoughts?
Doyouhaveanysuggestionsforimprovementsto“EligibilityRequirementsfortheMTAS”guidelines?
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NotaBasisforMTASEligibility
MTASparticipationdecisionsarenotbasedonthesefactors:
• Student’sdisabilitycategory
• Placement
• Participationinaseparate,specializedcurriculum
• AnexpectationthatstudentwillreceivelowscoreonMCA
• Language,social,cultural,oreconomicdifficulties
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Documentstatewideassessmentparticipationdecisionbeforestudentisadministeredthestatewideassessment.
• MCA:Areaccommodationsappropriate?Ifso,whataccommodations?
• Accommodationsreduceoreliminateeffectsofadisability.
• Manysupportsandaccommodationsprovidedtoastudentduringstatewideassessmentsshouldalsobeusedduringclassroominstruction,classroomassessments,anddistrictassessments.
• Accommodationsmustbeselectedandimplementedtomaintainassessment’sintegrity,whichresultsinvalidinferencesaboutwhatstudentsknowandcando.
• MTAS:documentwhyMCAwouldnotbeanappropriatemeasureofacademicprogress,andthedecisiontoadministertheMTAS.
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DocumentingAssessmentParticipationPriortoAdministration
Suggestions
GoodRecordKeeping
• LearnerCharacteristicsInventory(LCI)stillneedstobecompletedandenteredonlineaspartofMTASadministration.
• MakesureIEPisup-to-datepriortoadministrationofMCA/MTAS.
• IEPteamsusetheMTASEligibilityGuidelinesflowchart,orensurethatthelinktoitinyourdueprocesssystemisup-to-dateeachyear.
ConsistencyisKey
• Readthroughevaluationreportandstudent’sentireIEP.
• DoesinformationfromthePLAAFPsection,goals,districtwideassessments,etc.allmeettherequirementstoparticipateintheMTAS?
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TakeawaysMet?
DidyougetcurrentandusefulinformationtoguideIEPteamsto:
• Ensurethataccommodationsthataregeneralsupportsareprovidedduringassessment?
• Findresourcestohelpselectanddocumentaccommodationsforinstructionandassessment?
• ConsidertheMTASiftheMCAwithaccommodationsisnotanappropriatemeasure?
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GlossaryofAlternateAssessmentTerms:SignificantlyBelowAgeExpectations
SignificantlyBelowAgeExpectations
Significantlybelowtheaveragecognitivefunctioningoftypicallydevelopingpeers,whichisdeterminedby:
Atleast‘twostandarddeviationsbelowthemean,plusorminusonestandarderrorofmeasurement’(Minn.R.3525.1333)onastandardizednorm-referencedmeasureofcognitivefunctioning;OR
Whenformalcognitiveassessmentsareinappropriateorinvalid,otherdata-basedmeasuresmaybeusedtodocumentfunctioning significantlybelowageexpectations,consistentwithIDEA,20U.S.C.§ 1414(d)(1)(A)
(i)(VI)(bb).
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GlossaryofAlternateAssessmentTerms:ExplicitandIntensiveInstruction
ExplicitandIntensiveInstruction
Duringexplicitinstruction,skillsaretaughtsequentiallyanddirectly.Noassumptionsaremadeaboutwhatstudentsmightacquireontheirown.Intensiveinstructionismostoftenachievedinanindividualand/orsmallgroupsetting.
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GlossaryofAlternateAssessmentTerms:ExtensiveSupports
ExtensiveSupports
Supportsmayincludeanarrayofservicesprovidedbyschoolpersonnel,suchasaugmentativeandadaptivecommunicationsystemsandassistivetechnologydevices.Supportsmaybeconsideredextensiveiftheyrequirespecificinstructionandongoingteachersupport.
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FederalCitations
EveryStudentSucceedsAct:
https://www2.ed.gov/documents/essa-act-of-1965.pdf(SeeSection1111(b)(2)(D),beginningp.27)
AssessmentRegulations:
https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-12-08/pdf/2016-29128.pdf(SeeSections200.6(c)and200.6(d)onpp.88934-88936)
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EligibilityCriteriaforAlternateAssessments
MTASEligibilityRequirements:
https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-12-08/pdf/2016-29128.pdf(MDEwebsite>Districts,SchoolsandEducators>TeachingandLearning>StatewideTesting>MinnesotaTests)
AlternateACCESSforELLsparticipationcriteria:https://wida.wisc.edu/assess/alt-access(WIDA>Assess>AlternateACCESSforELLs)
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