ministry of higher education university of …...ministry of higher education university of hail...

MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF HAIL

COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

Academic Reference Standards of Pharm.-D Program

College of Pharmacy-University of Hail

May 2014

Pharm.-D Program Academic Reference Standards 2014

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The Major shift in the health-care system in providing safer and cost-effective health services

mandate pharmacists to require general and specific knowledge and skills, namely pharmacists

with Pharm.-D degree. The five years program comprising 174 credit hours is consistent with the

mission and vision of Hail University and proposed to gain accreditation from national and

international agencies. In addition, Pharm.-D holders usually demonstrate a positive impact on

improving patient education and knowledge of their health related quality of life, which will be

reflected in better health service and improved Hail society health in particular and the Kingdom

in general.


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Table of Contents

Topic Pages

Introduction 3

Acknowledgment 4

Methodology 5

Characteristic of the Pharm.-D Graduates 6

Learning outcomes 7-11

Glossary 12-13

Abbreviations 14

Bibliography 15


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Introduction

After the establishment of University of Hail (UoH) in 2005, approval was issued

primarily in the Royal’s Meeting of the “Council of Higher Education No. 62” in January 2011

to establish the College of Pharmacy. The college directly developed framework for vocational

educational program "Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.-D)" with an intent to deliver outstanding

professional services in the fields of pharmaceutical science and clinical practice. The program

has been designed taking into account the national and the international standards for

accreditation in the pharmaceutical field.

The National Commission for Academic Accreditation and Assessment (NCAAA) was

established to encourage, support, and evaluate the quality of post secondary institutions and the

programs they offer to ensure they are equivalent to high national and international standards.

Although UOH is newly established institution, it delivers great attention to education

quality and development that appears in its vision and mission with continuous support of the

University leadership.

In this regard, the faculty members are preparing academic reference standards for the

Pharm.-D program to comply with the NCAAA requirements to a clear reach academic

accreditation. These standards serve as guidelines to design, develop, and review the Pharm.-d.

program curriculum.


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Acknowledgment

The College of Pharmacy (CoP) at UoH acknowledges all the faculty members, students,

and community for the exerted effort to establish the academic reference standards for Pharm.-d.

program.

First and foremost, the College expresses deepest gratitude to his Excellency the University

Rector, and the Deanship of Quality and Development for their continuous support regarding the

quality and development work. The College also acknowledges the College Dean, vice-Dean for

Academic Affairs, and vice-Dean for Quality and Development for their continuous support to

establish this document.

Finally, the CoP at UoH would like to express special thanks to both internal, and

external auditors in addition all members worked on this document to come out into the light, at

last but not least the College is thankful for this document committee members whose efforts

was invaluable.


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Methodology

This document was prepared after thorough discussions during which the following steps

were proceeded as follows:

1. Brain Storming Sessions and Discussions

The committee during these sessions and discussions designed the general framework

and the elements that should be included in Pharm.-D ARS document.

2. Reviewing of International Academic Standards

Committee members have reviewed the academic standards of carefully chosen

accreditation institutions and standards applied by corresponding colleges in different countries

to have access to the global level taking into consideration the need to preserve the Saudi

Arabian Kingdom identity.

3. Reviewing the Regional and National Academic Standards

The committee has reviewed the national academic standards of NCAAA concerning

Pharm.-D program and standards that applied by outstanding Saudi Pharmacy Colleges. In

addition, the committee has reviewed the academic standards of some regional accreditation

institutions and standards applied by some Colleges of leading Universities in the Middle East.

4. Stakeholders Approval

Upon completion of this document draft and after internal and external auditing, it will be

presented to the Faculty and community and their feedback will be considered. Finally, it will be

approved by the College committee.


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Characteristic of the Pharm.-D Graduates

Upon successful completion of the program, the graduate should be able to :

Provide patient centered pharmaceutical care and be a valuable member of a health-care

team,

formulate, prepare pharmaceutical products from different sources and participate in

systems for dispensing, storage and distribution of medications,

manage pharmacy operations in hospitals, community pharmacies, and industrial settings,

perform different types of quantitative and qualitative analysis related to drugs, food, and

water,

perform and encourage scientific research on the basis of the actual needs of KSA

especially in Hail region,

perform responsibilities in accordance with legal, ethical and professional rules,

cooperate with government agencies and community organizations to provide consulting

services and providing the necessary information and consultancy as a professional in the

fields of health care to foreigners and citizens of Hail as well as The Kingdom in general.


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Learning Outcomes

Upon the College program completion , the graduate should be able to:

A) Knowledge

A-1. Describe human body structure, organs locations and functions in health and disease

states,

A-2. demonstrate knowledge of theoretical principles of isolation, synthesis, purification,

identification of pharmaceutical compounds,

A-3. describe the principles to determine the contents, content uniformity, limit of content the

drugs and additives masses relating the stability of drugs in their various formulations, as

well as determination of stability indication based on GLP, QC and QA,

A-4. describe relationships between chemical structure of compounds of pharmaceutical and

medicinal interest and biological activity,

A-5. recognize the basic principles of thermodynamics and kinetics and their role in defining

chemical processes,

A-6. recognize basic knowledge of evidence based herbal medicine and complementary

therapies,

A-7. define basic principles of drug: target identification, design, informatics, and mechanisms

of action.

A-8. demonstrate knowledge on drug: physiochemical properties, available formulations, route

of administration, and its therapeutic indications,

A-9. outline the basic principles of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of

commonly prescribed drugs and their impact in clinical setting,

A-10. demonstrate knowledge of basic principles of biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical

biotechnology,

A-11. outline principles of clinical pharmacology, therapeutics and pharmacovigilance,


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A-12. demonstrate knowledge of toxicity profiles of drugs and other xenobiotics including

source identification, symptoms, management control, and first aid measures,

A-13. describe the fundamental concepts and practical considerations needed in QC, QA of

pharmaceutical products in various formulations,

A-14. outline principles of various instrumentation and techniques used in formulation,

manufacturing, packaging, labeling, sampling, storing and distribution processes in

pharmaceutical industry according to GPMP, GLP, GSP and GDP,

A-15. outline fundamental principles of public health issues including sources and control of

microbial contamination as well as sanitation, disinfection, sterilization methods and

microbiological QC of pharmaceutical products,

A-16. demonstrate knowledge of the basis of drug addiction and abuse, and identify basic

principles for drug-drug and drug-food interactions,

A-17. recognize the relevance of molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, and

pharmacogenomics to disease states, diagnosis and therapeutics,

A-18. identify national and international pharmacy profession regulatory bodies, pharmacy law,

and professional ethics,

A-19. recognize theoretical basis and concepts of marketing and pharmacy managements,

A-20. recognize etiology, epidemiology, pathogens and virulence factors, laboratory diagnosis

and clinical features of different diseases.

B) Cognitive Skills

B-1. construct patient-centered pharmaceutical care,

B-2. promote health improvement and disease prevention,

B-3. develop and implement population-specific disease management programs and protocols

based upon analysis of epidemiologic, pharmacoeconomic data, medication use criteria,

medication use review, and risk reduction strategies,

B-4. retrieve, analyze, and interpret scientific literature to provide drug information to patients,

their families, and other health care providers,


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B-5. obtain and evaluate relevant patients information from their charts, medication history,

physical assessments, diagnostic tests, caregivers and other health care professionals to

determine appropriate medication therapy,

B-6. design risk reduction strategies to ensure patient safety and prevent medication errors,

harmful drug interaction, and adverse drug effects,

B-7. assess patients ability to take/use/administer medications and design to implement

strategies to improve adherence and compliance,

B-8. manage human, physical, medical, informational, and technological resources,

B-9. obtain complex medication information and integrate it into reports and proposals for

colleagues and other health care professionals,

B-10. apply problem solving and research skills to enhance their own practice-related

activities,

B-11. utilize literature, research design, statistics as well as scientific thinking/writing in

research and practices.

C) Interpersonal Skills and Responsibility

C-1. have the ability to take an active role in professional and community organizations and

promote advocacy for key healthcare and professional initiatives,

C-2. have the ability for effective self management in terms of time, planning, motivation, and

personal initiative,

C-3. show professionalism through sound judgment, ethical behavior, adherence to legal

guidelines and socioeconomic principles,

C-4. differentiate the roles of various healthcare professionals in multiple healthcare

environments with the ability to adapt to changes,

C-5. participate in team efforts according to his/her role within pharmacy and healthcare

groups,

C-6. maintain their competence to practice pharmacy through lifelong learning,


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C-7. participate actively in quality assurance and improvement programs,

C-8. deal with complex professional and ethical issues, in particular where issues are not

adequately dealt with in current ethical codes of practice or regulation in order to make

informed, fair, and valid judgments on the basis of sound principles and values,

C-9. use interpersonal skills of effective listening, negotiating, persuasion and presentation,

C-10. demonstrate self-reflection, self awareness, openness and sensitivity to diversity in terms

of people, cultures, religions, business and management issues.

D) Communication, Information Technology and Numerical Skills

D-1. present results of investigations and inquiries in appropriate forms with succinctly

effective communication with various audience using several information and

communications technologies,

D-2. perform patient interviews to obtain medication history and identify drug-related issues

and problems,

D-3. document recommendations and interventions while assuring patient confidentiality,

D-4. provide appropriate patient education/counseling regarding the safe and effective use of

prescription and non prescription drugs and devices,

D-5. communicate and collaborate with prescribers, patients, care givers, and other health care

providers aiming to improve the health outcomes for patient,

D-6. communicate information to colleagues, other healthcare practitioners, and the general

public, regarding drug therapy and related topics,

D-7. use information systems and computer softwares in order to enhance the delivery of

pharmaceutical care,

D-8. perform mathematical calculations with regard to drug dosing and clinical

pharmacokinetics, and analyses relevant to pharmaceutical practice.


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E) Psychomotor skills

E-1. apply techniques used in analytical, biological, and microbiological testing,

E-2. handle and dispose chemicals and pharmaceutical preparations safely,

E-3. safe use, handle and treat experimental animals effectively and ethically,

E-4. apply techniques used in operating pharmaceutical equipment and instruments,

E-5. compound, dispense, label, store and distribute medicines effectively and safely,

E-6. extract, isolate, synthesize, purify, identify, and/or standardize active substances from

different origins,

E-7. carry out patient physical assessment.


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Glossary

Academic Accreditation (AA); it is a quality assurance process under which postsecondary

educational institutes or their offered programs are assessed by independent external bodies to

see if applicable standards are met. This assessment could be national, regional, or international.

Academic Program (AP); is defined as any combination of courses and/or requirements offered

by academic institution and leading to academic degree and/or professional qualification.

Academic Reference Standards (ARS); are the standards adopted and prepared by an institute or

program along the lines of benchmarks.

Benchmarking; is the process of comparing an academic program reference standards to bests or

best practices from other institutions or to an accredited program nationally, regionally or

internationally.

Intended Learning outcomes (ILOs): are statements that describe skills a learner will be able to

do as a result of teaching and learning. According to the National Commission for Academic

Assessment and Accreditation (NCAAA) they fall into five categories:

a) Knowledge skills: include the ability to recall, understand, and present information necessary

to perform specified functions, i.e. knowledge of facts, concepts, principles and theories, and

procedures.

b) Cognitive skills: include the ability to apply knowledge skills in similar situations, analyze

information, evaluate decisions, and create new ideas, procedures or product to solve problems

of unanticipated situations.

c) Interpersonal skills and responsibilities: include both the ability and predisposition to act

ethically, be responsible for self continuing education and professional development, work

effectively in group and exercise leadership when appropriate.


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d) Communication, information technology and numerical skills: include the abilities to

communicate effectively in verbal and written forms, use information and communication

technology, and use basic mathematical and statistical techniques.

d) Psychomotor skills: include the mental capacity to manage physical behavior with precision

and skill.

National Academic Reference Standards (NARS): are the standards for academic programs

developed by national accreditation bodies, these standards represent the minimum requirement

for a program to be accredited by these bodies. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), they are

NCAAA standards.

Program Accreditation (PA): when an academic program is accredited it means this program

comply with assessed standards. In KSA, NCAAA is the accreditation body.


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Abbreviations

AACP American Association for Colleges of Pharmacy, USA

ACPE Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, USA

ARS Academic reference Standards

CAPE Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education, USA

CoP College of Pharmacy

GCP Good Clinical Practice

GDP Good Distribution Practice

GLP Good Laboratory Practice

GPMP Good Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Practice

GSP Good Storage Practice

ILOs Intended Learning Outcomes

IT Information Technology

KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

NAQAAE National Authority for Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Education, Egypt

NARSE National Academic reference Standards of Education, Egypt

NCAAA National Commission for Academic Accreditation & Assessment, KSA

Pharm.-D Doctor of Pharmacy

QA Quality Assurance

QC Quality control

UoH University of Hail

http://www.mohe.gov.sa/en/aboutus/Institutions/Pages/academic-accreditation.aspx


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Bibliography

1. Accreditation Standards and Guidelines for The Professional Program In Pharmacy

Leading To The Doctor Of Pharmacy Degree; ACPE, Chicago (USA), 2011.

2. Educational Outcomes; CAPE & AACP, USA, 2013.

3. National Academic Reference Standards; NAQAAE, Egypt, 2009.

4. Pharm.-d. Program Assessment Plan; Purdue University – Faculty of Pharmacy, Indiana

(USA), 2012.

5. Pharm.-d. Program Specification; King Saud University – Faculty of Pharmacy, KSA,

2010.

6. Program Learning Outcomes Guidelines for Program Development and Review;

NCAAA, KSA, 2011.

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