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LINKTROPY®

MINI2

& MINI-G™ WAN EMULATOR USER’S GUIDE Firmware Version 3.0

®

Linktropy® Mini2 & Mini-G™ WAN Emulator User’s Guide

Revision 4d, August 2017

Apposite® Technologies LLC 11500 W. Olympic Blvd., Suite 510 Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA 1.310.477.9955 [email protected] www.apposite-tech.com

Copyright ©2005-2017 Apposite Technologies LLC. All rights reserved. Apposite, Linktropy, and Netropy are registered trademarks of Apposite Technologies LLC. The Apposite logo and “WAN Emulation Made Easy” are trademarks of Apposite Technologies LLC.

Part No. DOC-UG-LM2G-4C

CONTENTS

1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................................................................4

1.1 Linktropy Product Family..............................................................................................................................................4

1.2 Linktropy Operation........................................................................................................................................................6

1.3 Linktropy Configuration ................................................................................................................................................7

2 Getting Started: Installing the Linktropy WAN Emulator...........................................................................................8

3 Linktropy GUI ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11

3.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................................................... 11

3.2 Status Box ........................................................................................................................................................................ 12

3.3 Emulation On/Off Button........................................................................................................................................... 12

3.4 Message Bar.................................................................................................................................................................... 13

4 Link Emulation Tab: Link Emulation Parameter Configuration ............................................................................. 14

4.1 Basic Parameters ........................................................................................................................................................... 16

4.1.1 Bandwidth....................................................................................................................................................... 16

4.1.2 Delay ................................................................................................................................................................. 16

4.1.3 Loss.................................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.2 Advanced Parameters ................................................................................................................................................. 17

4.2.1 Queue Depth ................................................................................................................................................. 18

4.2.2 Framing Overhead....................................................................................................................................... 18

5 Bridge/Route Tab: Bridge and Routing Mode Configuration ............................................................................... 19

5.1 Bridging Mode............................................................................................................................................................... 19

5.1.1 Emulation Bypass ......................................................................................................................................... 20

5.1.2 Learning Bridge............................................................................................................................................. 20

5.2 IP Routing Mode........................................................................................................................................................... 20

5.2.1 IP Addresses................................................................................................................................................... 21

6 Device Settings Tab: Device and Interface Parameters............................................................................................ 23

6.1 Device Name................................................................................................................................................................... 24

6.2 MGMT Interface............................................................................................................................................................. 24

6.3 Management Access ................................................................................................................................................... 24

6.4 Ethernet Ports................................................................................................................................................................. 25

7 Save / Load Tab: Save, Load, and Delete Named Emulations............................................................................... 26

7.1 Save Emulation .............................................................................................................................................................. 27

7.2 Load Emulation.............................................................................................................................................................. 27

7.3 Delete Emulation........................................................................................................................................................... 28

8 Upgrade Tab: Firmware Upgrades and License Keys................................................................................................ 29

8.1 Upgrade Firmware........................................................................................................................................................ 29

8.2 License Key ...................................................................................................................................................................... 30

9 Linktropy Monitor ...................................................................................................................................................................... 31

9.1 Statistics............................................................................................................................................................................ 31

9.2 ARP Table......................................................................................................................................................................... 33

10 Security ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 34

10.1 Passwords...................................................................................................................................................................... 34

10.2 SSL.................................................................................................................................................................................... 34

10.3 SSH................................................................................................................................................................................... 34

11 Command Line Interface....................................................................................................................................................... 35

12 Apposite Support..................................................................................................................................................................... 38

Appendix A: Linktropy End User License Agreement.......................................................................................................... 39

Appendix B: Third Party Licenses ................................................................................................................................................ 42

1 OVERVIEW

Thank you for purchasing the Apposite Technologies Linktropy Mini2 or Linktropy Mini-G WAN Emulator. This User’s Guide describes the installation, configuration, and operation of the Linktropy functionality. Please consult the companion Hardware Guide for information on the Linktropy Mini2 or Mini-G hardware. A separate Quick Start Guide provides a walk-through for first time configuration.

1.1 Linktropy Product Family

The Linktropy Mini2 and Mini-G are portable, low cost members of the Linktropy WAN Emulator product family, designed primarily to emulate basic WAN conditions for customer demonstrations of networking products and application development of client/server systems. Their small size and light weight make them easy to carry, while their fanless design and solid-state storage offer extra reliability for frequent shipping. The Linktropy Mini2 has 10/100baseT Ethernet ports and is limited to 100 Mbps while the Mini-G includes Gigabit Ethernet ports with higher throughput and packet forwarding rates.

The Linktropy Mini2 and Mini-G are not designed to provide the same level of precision, performance, and functionality as the Linktropy 5510 and 8510 which are built as professional test tools for lab testing and product validation. The table on the next page shows the matrix of features for the different products in the Linktropy product family.

SECTION 1 OVERVIEW 4

Linktropy Model Mini2 Mini-G 5510 8510

Performance

Maximum throughput per link (full duplex) 100 Mbps 1 Gbps 1 Gbps 1 Gbps

Emulated links 1 1 1 4

Maximum packet forwarding rate (pps) 80,000 350,000 3 million 12 million

Test lab level precision X X

Jumbo Frame Support (up to 9 KB) X

Link Impairment Emulations

Bandwidth Latency (constant, uniform, and normal distributions)

Packet Loss Bit Errors Background Traffic X X

Packet Duplication X X

Packet Reordering X X

Live condition capture and replay X X

Linktropy Scheduler for dynamic conditions X X

Installation

Record and download traffic statistics X X

Install as Bridge

Install as Router

Emulation interfaces 2 FE 10/100baseT

2 GigE RJ45

2 GigE RJ45 or SFP

8 GigE RJ45 or SFP

Form factor compact compact 1U 1U

Hardware warranty and software maintenance 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year

Customer support 90 days 90 days 1 year 1 year


1.2 Linktropy Operation

The Linktropy Mini2 and Mini-G emulate a wide area network link between two local networks. Depending on configuration, the Linktropy device is installed as either a bridge or a router between the Ethernet segments connected to the LAN A and LAN B ports of the unit. Frames received on one port are subjected to the emulated WAN conditions before being forwarded to the opposite port.

Frames are processed by the Linktropy WAN Emulator in the following steps:

1. Ethernet frames arrive on the LAN A or LAN B interface of the Linktropy emulator.

2. The effective size of the frame is calculated as the data portion of the Ethernet frame (without the Ethernet header or FCS) plus the configured value for framing overhead.

3. Frames are throttled to the specified WAN bandwidth. Frames in excess of the specified WAN bandwidth are queued to the configured maximum queue depth. When the queue is full, newly-arriving frames are discarded.

4. Frames are subjected to random discard based on the configured packet loss and bit error parameters.

5. Frames remaining after the discard procedure are held for the specified link delay. Frames are not reordered in this step, even if subjected to differing delays. For example, if the delay is specified as a uniform distribution between 10 and 100 ms and the first frame is subjected to a 90 ms delay and the second frame is subjected to a 20 ms delay, the second frame can not be transmitted until after the first frame has been transmitted. This effect can skew the measured mean delay to be higher than the configured value when using a normal or uniform distribution.

6. Frames are bridged or routed to the opposite LAN interface and transmitted to the destination address.

Frames are subject to three separate delays:

1. Propagation delay: Delay caused by the distance the signal travels. This delay is emulated as the specified link delay.

2. Queuing delay: If frames arrive faster than they can be transmitted over the WAN link, they are held awaiting their slot for transmission. The actual queuing delay will vary depending on how quickly frames arrive compared to how quickly they can be transmitted. The maximum queuing delay is determined by the maximum queue depth, which can be set in milliseconds, bytes, or packets.

3. Transmission delay: The time to transmit the individual bits in each frame is an additional delay that can be significant for large frames over low speed links. For example, the transmission of a 1500 byte frame over a 9,800 bps link adds 1.25 seconds. The transmission delay is fixed by the frame size and link bandwidth.



Only the propagation delay is specified directly as an emulation parameter. The end-to-end delay is the sum of the three individual delays.

Frames are subject to three separate types of loss:

1. Emulated packet loss: Frames are randomly discarded based on the specified packet loss rate. Since frame discard occurs after the frames have been rate throttled, discarded frames will consume link bandwidth.

2. Emulated bit errors: Frames are randomly discarded based on the specified bit error rate. Since this discard also occurs after the frames have been rate throttled, discarded frames will consume link bandwidth.

3. Queue drops: If frames arrive faster than they can be transmitted over the emulated link, excess frames will be queued to the specified maximum queue depth. Once the queue is full, additional frames are discarded. These dropped frames do not consume WAN bandwidth.

When functioning as a bridge, the Linktropy WAN Emulator is not limited to emulating IP networks, but can emulate any type of network so long as the traffic is encapsulated in Ethernet. In addition to IP, the device can be used with IPv6, IPX, AppleTalk, SCPS, and proprietary network and transport layer protocols.

1.3 Linktropy Configuration

Configuration of the Linktropy WAN Emulator is primarily through the browser-based Linktropy GUI (Graphical User Interface). The GUI is accessible from any PC or other device with a standard web browser. Management connectivity is via a dedicated Ethernet management interface on the Linktropy WAN Emulator or in-band through the LAN A or LAN B interface. See Section 3 for more information on the Linktropy GUI.

In addition to the GUI, the Linktropy WAN Emulator includes a limited command line interface (CLI) that can be accessed via the console serial port or over the network using Telnet or SSH. The CLI is used primarily to set the management IP address if the GUI is not accessible over the network, and to load stored emulation conditions for use with script-based automated testing. See Section 11 for details on the CLI.

2 GETTING STARTED: INSTALLING THE LINKTROPY WAN EMULATOR

The Linktropy WAN emulator is managed through a browser-based GUI over an Ethernet connection to a dedicated management interface. Prior to operation, this management interface must be configured with appropriate network settings, either through the Linktropy GUI or through the command-line interface accessed via the serial console. For convenience, the management interface comes preconfigured with an IP address of 10.0.0.10, and the GUI is accessible from a directly-connected host on the 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 subnet.

Preparation

Management of the Linktropy WAN emulator requires a PC running a supported web browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari). JavaScript must be enabled.

Initial configuration of the management interface requires either:

a PC running a supported web browser that can be configured and placed on the 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 network.

a PC with an RS-232 serial port running terminal emulation software such as HyperTerminal or PuTTY.

Hardware Installation

Plug in the supplied AC to DC power adaptor to the DC power input on the back of the unit. The Power LED on the front panel will glow green and the system will be available for use within 60 seconds.

For additional hardware installation details, please see the Linktropy Mini2 or Linktropy Mini-G Hardware Guide.

SECTION 2 GETTING STARTED: INSTALLING THE LINKTROPY WAN EMULATOR 8

IP Address Configuration via the Linktropy GUI

To configure the management interface using the Linktropy GUI:

Configure a PC running a supported web browser with the IP address 10.0.0.2 or other address on the 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 subnet.

Connect an Ethernet cable between the PC and the MGMT port of the Linktropy WAN emulator.

Open the browser on the PC and enter http://10.0.0.10 (the preconfigured management address) in the address bar. The Linktropy End User License Agreement will be displayed in a separate window.

Review the License Agreement. The Linktropy GUI will be displayed once the License Agreement is accepted.

The Linktropy GUI will open to the Device Settings tab. If desired, modify the IP address, netmask, and default gateway for the management interface. Click the Apply Changes button when done.

IP Address Configuration via the Serial Console

Using the provided DB-9 cable, connect the serial port of a PC running terminal emulation software to the CONSOLE port of the Linktropy Mini2. Set the serial port parameters to 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, and disable flow control. For more details on connecting to the serial console, see the Linktropy Mini2 or Linktropy Mini-G Hardware Guide.

Press [ENTER] to display a login prompt. At the prompt, log in as “admin”. There is no password.

linktropy login: admin

Use the following commands to set the IP address, IP netmask, and default gateway of the Linktropy management interface:

mgmt set addr <interface-ip-address> netmask <ip-netmask>

mgmt set gw <default-gateway>

IP addresses and netmasks are entered in dotted-decimal format. For example: linktropy> mgmt set addr 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0

Once the management interface has been configured, use the Ethernet cable to connect the MGMT port to the management network.


Operation

The Linktropy WAN emulator is installed between two LAN segments (or two individual devices) using the ports labeled LAN A and LAN B. The Linktropy WAN Emulator acts as a bridge or router between those two LAN segments. Frames received on one port are subjected to the emulated WAN conditions before being forwarded to the opposite port.

Emulated WAN conditions are configured in the Linktropy GUI. To set the emulation parameters, use a web browser to connect to the Linktropy GUI at the IP address of the management interface. All emulation parameters are found on the Link Emulation tab. Emulation is disabled until the “Emulation On/Off” button at the top of the screen is pressed. See the following chapters for details on Linktropy emulation parameters or click the

buttons on the GUI for information on specific parameters.

Registration

For access to firmware upgrades, documentation, and other support materials, register your unit on-line at: http://www.apposite-tech.com/register.html.

Registered users will receive email notification whenever new firmware images are released.


3 LINKTROPY GUI

3.1 Overview

The browser-based Linktropy GUI is the primary configuration interface for the Linktropy WAN emulator. The GUI is compatible with Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari. JavaScript must be enabled. The GUI is accessible via HTTP or HTTPS.

The Linktropy GUI consists of a Configuration window and the Linktropy Monitor.

Figure 2: Configuration Window Figure 3: Linktropy Monitor

The Configuration window contains a set of tabs used to specify the emulation parameters and device settings. Sections 4 through 8 of this User’s Guide describe each of the individual tabs.

The top portion of the Configuration window also includes the Status Box, Emulation On/Off button, and Message Bar. These elements remain visible across the various tabs.

Each input field is checked for validity when modified. Valid changes are displayed in bold. Invalid changes are noted with a red box around the field. Additional checks are performed when the user attempts to apply the changes, and any errors are marked with a red box at that time.

SECTION 3 LINKTROPY GUI 11

Clicking any info button opens a Help window with documentation for the specific field. This User’s Guide is also accessible from any Help window.

The Linktropy Monitor displays real-time statistics and throughput graphs of the traffic traversing the emulated WAN link. See Section 9 for details on the Linktropy Monitor.

Figure 4: Status Box and Message Bar

3.2 Status Box

The Status Box, at the top right corner of the Configuration window, displays interface status and basic statistics, and is visible across all tabs.

The Status Box displays the status of the LAN A and LAN B Ethernet interfaces. During normal operation, the speed and duplex state of the interface are displayed in green. If the interface is unplugged or fails to negotiate an Ethernet connection, “DOWN” is displayed in red.

When emulation is turned on, the Status Box displays the current instantaneous throughput in each direction, averaged over 1 second intervals, and the total number of dropped frames. More detailed statistics and throughput graphs are shown in the Linktropy Monitor.

3.3 Emulation On/Off Button

The Emulation On/Off Button displays and controls the state of the currently selected link. The button is gray when emulation is off and green when emulation is on. Click the button to toggle between on and off.

Emulation is turned off by default when the Linktropy WAN emulator is first installed.



3.4 Message Bar

The Message Bar, located at the top of the screen, is only visible when status messages are displayed. Confirmation messages are displayed on a white background, error messages on a red background, and alerts on a yellow background.

4 LINK EMULATION TAB: LINK EMULATION PARAMETER CONFIGURATION

The Link Emulation tab contains all of the parameters for link emulation. Each parameter can be configured separately for traffic from LAN A to LAN B and from LAN B to LAN A.

Basic parameter settings are always visible on the Link Emulation tab. Advanced parameters, which generally only need adjustment for specialized conditions, are hidden by default. To display the advanced parameters, click the show link. Click the hide link to hide them again if desired.

The active configuration is not modified until the Apply Changes button at the bottom of the tab is pressed. The Apply Changes button is grayed out when there are no changes to apply. It is also grayed out if there are any invalid entries. To return to the active configuration without applying any changes, press the Clear Changes button.

When the Apply Changes button is pressed, final validation of the configuration is performed. If there are no errors in the configuration, the new configuration will take effect and the message, “Configuration Updated” will be displayed in the Message Bar. If there are any errors in the configuration, a red box will be displayed around the invalid field or an error message will be displayed in the Message Bar.

Advanced parameter settings are used in the emulation, even if the parameters are hidden.

SECTION 4 LINK EMULATION TAB: LINK EMULATION PARAMETER CONFIGURATION 14

Figure 5: Link Emulation Tab


4.1 Basic Parameters

4.1.1 Bandwidth

The Bandwidth row is used to configure the link rate of the emulated WAN.

The link rate is set independently in each direction in increments of 1 bps, with a minimum rate of 300 bps and a maximum rate determined by the license key. Entered rates can not have fractional bits per second.

The link rate is set in units of bps (bits per second), Kbps (kilobits per second), Mbps (megabits per second), or Gbps (gigabits per second) selected from the drop-down menu next to the rate.

If the entered link rate is not a valid value when the Apply Changes button is pressed, a red error box will be drawn around the invalid fields and the changes will not be applied.

1 Kbps is 1,000 bps, not 1,024 bps. Similarly, 1 Mbps is 1,000,000 bps.

4.1.2 Delay

The Delay parameter specifies the link latency in milliseconds, and is set independently for each direction. Delay can be set from 0 milliseconds to 10 seconds. Entered values are rounded to the nearest 0.1 millisecond. The delay parameter will not reorder frames.

The radio buttons are used to specify the delay distribution:

Constant: A single, fixed value for delay.

Uniform: A uniform distribution of delay ranging between the configured minimum and maximum values.

Normal: A truncated normal distribution curve, with a specified minimum, mean and standard deviation.

If the entered minimum delay is greater than the entered maximum (for a uniform distribution) or mean (for a normal distribution), a red error box will be drawn around the invalid fields when the Apply Changes button is pressed and the changes will not be applied.

The round trip time (RTT) of the link is the sum of the delay in both directions.


Using the delay parameter, frames are not reordered even if subjected to differing delays. For example, if the delay is specified as a uniform distribution between 10 and 100 ms and the first frame is subjected to a 90 ms delay and the second frame is subjected to a 20 ms delay, the second frame will not be transmitted until after the first frame has been transmitted. This effect can skew the measured mean delay to be higher than the configured value when using a normal or uniform distribution.

4.1.3 Loss

Data loss rates are configured as bit error rates, packet loss rates, or both. Losses due to packet loss and bit errors are emulated independently and may be combined to emulate links with physical layer corruption as well as congestion-induced packet loss.

For a lossless link, set the packet loss rate and bit error rate to 0. The default setting is for a lossless link.

Packet loss rates can be set from 0 – 100% in increments of 0.0001%.

Bit error rates can take values of 1x10-14 or greater and are entered in scientific notation. The coefficient of the rate (the field on the left) must be entered as a value greater than or equal to 0 and less than 10. The exponent may be between -1 and -14. The minus sign is supplied and only the digits of the exponent should be entered in the exponent field.

Losses are assumed to occur over the WAN link itself. Discarded packets therefore consume WAN bandwidth. For example, if a 1 Mbps link is specified to have a 10% packet loss rate, the maximum possible average throughput is 900 Kbps.

4.2 Advanced Parameters

To view and configure advanced emulation parameters, click on the show link next to the Advanced Parameters label. Note that even when hidden, the advanced parameter settings are used in the emulation. The advanced parameters section cannot be hidden when any of the entered values are invalid.



4.2.1 Queue Depth

The Queue Depth row specifies the maximum amount of data that will be buffered when data is received at a rate exceeding the emulated link rate. Any frames that arrive when the queue is full are discarded.

The queue depth can be set as a maximum numbers of packets, maximum amount of data in kilobytes, or a maximum queuing delay in milliseconds. The queue depth is specified separately for each direction. Valid entries are limited to 10,000 packets, KB, or milliseconds.

By default, the queue depth is set to 250ms. For most networks, this setting will lead to few packet drops, but the queuing delay can reach 250ms in each direction. A smaller queue depth will lead to a smaller maximum delay, but potentially more dropped packets. If possible, specify the queue depth and units to match the queuing behavior of the WAN transmission equipment on the network being emulated.

4.2.2 Framing Overhead

Framing overhead is the number of additional bytes required by a link-layer technology when transmitting a packet of data. Typically, the framing overhead consists of link-layer addressing and error checking information.

To emulate a link-layer technology with a particular framing overhead, select the value from the drop-down list, if available, or choose Custom and enter the specific value.

To emulate the traversal of a frame over a link, the Linktropy WAN Emulator calculates the effective size of the frame as the data portion of the Ethernet frame (without the Ethernet header or FCS) plus the specified framing overhead.

The Linktropy WAN Emulator includes three choices for framing overhead:

Ethernet (header + FCS) This option emulates a WAN link layer with an Ethernet-like frame of 18 bytes of header and frame check sequence (FCS). This is the default option and is a reasonable choice if the properties of the link layer are unknown.

Ethernet (header, FCS, preamble, pad) This option emulates an actual Ethernet link, including the preamble and padding between Ethernet frames. Select this option to emulate an Ethernet-based WAN network.

Custom This option allows the specification of any link layer framing overhead in bytes per data packet up to a maximum of 300 bytes. Select this option if the link layer framing overhead is known.

5 BRIDGE/ROUTE TAB: BRIDGE AND ROUTING MODE CONFIGURATION

The Linktropy WAN emulator can be installed as either a bridge or router to forward frames between the LAN A and LAN B Ethernet interfaces. By default, the Linktropy WAN emulator is configured as a bridge, and this mode is recommended for simplicity unless the LAN A and LAN B interfaces need to be on separate subnets.

To switch to IP Routing Mode from Bridging Mode, click on the link switch to IP Routing Mode. To revert to Bridging Mode, click on the link switch to Bridging Mode.

Bridge/Route settings are not stored with emulation parameters and will not change when a stored emulation is loaded.

5.1 Bridging Mode

In Bridging Mode, the Linktropy device functions as a bridge between the Ethernet segments connected to the LAN A and LAN B ports. In this mode, it can forward any Ethernet-based frame regardless of network layer protocol. VLAN tagged frames (IEEE 802.1Q) are supported, but no special action is taken based on VLAN.

Figure 6: Bridging Mode

SECTION 5 BRIDGE/ROUTE TAB: BRIDGE AND ROUTING MODE CONFIGURATION 19

5.1.1 Emulation Bypass

By default, all frames bridged by the Linktropy appliance are assumed to be part of the WAN traffic and are subjected to the configured WAN link conditions. This includes ARP and multicast traffic, which on a production network may be processed or filtered prior to traversal of the WAN link.

The Emulation Bypass row is used to specify whether ARP and multicast frames are to be included as part of the emulated WAN traffic or be passed directly between the LAN A and LAN B interfaces. ARP and multicast frames will bypass the emulated link and be passed directly between the two interfaces when the corresponding boxes are checked. Frames that bypass the WAN emulation are not subjected to loss or delay and do not consume emulated link bandwidth.

5.1.2 Learning Bridge

By default, the Learning Bridge feature is disabled and the Linktropy WAN emulator forwards all frames received on the LAN A and LAN B interfaces to the opposite side. This provides the fastest packet handling rates and highest throughput, and is recommended except when learning bridge functionality is specifically required.

When the box labeled “Enable MAC address learning/filtering” is checked, the Linktropy WAN emulator acts as a learning bridge and provides MAC address learning and filtering. The device examines the source MAC address of received frames to learn the network segment (LAN A or LAN B) on which each directly connected device is located. Received frames for which the source and destination devices are on the same network segment are discarded.

Learning Bridge functionality is generally only required when connecting multiple devices on a network segment through a repeater/hub. When using a switch, the switch provides the filtering functionality and learning bridge functionality is not needed on the Linktropy WAN emulator.

5.2 IP Routing Mode

In IP Routing Mode, the Linktropy WAN emulator functions as a router between the Ethernet segments connected to the LAN A and LAN B ports.

IP Routing Mode provides a default routing mechanism that eliminates the need for multiple static routes. When a gateway address is set for both interfaces, the default next-hop for packets received on one interface is the gateway address of the opposite interface. For example, if a packet is received on the LAN A interface and has a destination address on a subnet that is not directly connected to either the LAN A or LAN B interface, the packet is forwarded across the emulated link to the LAN B gateway router.


Packets that are forwarded out the same interface on which they were received do not traverse the emulated WAN link. Packets are never forwarded between the MGMT and LAN A or LAN B interfaces.

Routing Mode supports only the forwarding of IP frames and does not support multicast forwarding.

Figure 7: Routing Mode

5.2.1 IP Addresses

In IP Routing Mode, an IP address and netmask must be configured for the LAN A and LAN B interfaces. Use of the gateway field is optional. All addresses are entered in dotted-decimal notation.

If a gateway address is set, it must be on the same subnet as the corresponding LAN A or LAN B address. If a gateway address is set for only one interface, then the Linktropy WAN emulator will use this address as its default next-hop router. When gateway addresses are set for both interfaces, the default next-hop router for packets received on one interface is the gateway of the opposite interface.

The following entries are invalid:

a gateway address not on the same subnet as the interface address

an interface address or gateway address with an all-zeros host component

an interface address or gateway address with an all-ones host component


If there are any invalid entries when the Apply Changes button is pressed, a red error box will be drawn around the row. Changes are not applied until the errors are fixed and the Apply Changes button is pressed again.


6 DEVICE SETTINGS TAB: DEVICE AND INTERFACE PARAMETERS

The device name and interface settings are configured on the Device Settings tab. Settings are saved by pressing the Apply Changes button on the bottom of the tab. Settings remain unchanged through reboots and power cycles. Device settings are not stored with emulation parameters and will not change when a stored emulation is loaded.

Figure 8: Device Settings Tab

SECTION 6 DEVICE SETTINGS TAB: DEVICE AND INTERFACE PARAMETERS 23

6.1 Device Name

The name of the Linktropy unit is displayed and changed here. This name is also shown at the top of the Status Box and on the browser title bar.

6.2 MGMT Interface

The MGMT Interface row is used to set the IP address of the Linktropy management interface, the subnet mask, and the IP address of the default gateway. All values are entered in dotted-decimal notation.

If the entered IP address and default gateway address are not on the same subnet, or if either address is the all-zeros or all-ones subnet address, then a red error box will be drawn around the MGMT Interface row when the Apply Changes button is pressed and the changes will not be applied.

When the IP address of the Linktropy device is changed, connectivity to the Linktropy GUI will be lost and a link to the newly-configured IP address will be displayed in the Message Bar. If the new address is reachable from the browser, click on this link to reconnect to the Linktropy GUI.

If you cannot regain connectivity to the Linktropy WAN emulator after a change to the network settings, use the CONSOLE interface to verify or change the network settings

6.3 Management Access

By default, the Linktropy GUI is accessible only through the MGMT interface. Checking the box labeled “Allow management through LAN A/B” enables management from directly connected devices on the LAN A or LAN B network.

When this feature is enabled in Bridging Mode, the IP address of the MGMT interface can be reached through the LAN A and LAN B interfaces.

When this feature is enabled in IP Routing Mode, the device can be managed using the MGMT, LAN A, or LAN B interface addresses.

For maximum performance, this feature should be disabled if not required.



6.4 Ethernet Ports

By default, all Ethernet ports are set to auto-negotiate the proper speed and duplex settings. On the 10/100/1000baseT emulation ports, auto-negotiation can be disabled and the ports forced to a particular setting via the drop-down menu. However, it is strongly recommended to keep the interfaces set to auto-negotiate unless auto-negotiation is not working properly.

Jumbo frames of up to 9 KB are supported on the Linktropy Mini-G. Jumbo frames are not supported on the Linktropy Mini2.

A separate Ethernet port, labeled MGMT, is used for device management and monitoring. Auto-negotiation cannot be disabled on the management port.

If full-duplex is selected manually, the device the port is connected to must be forced to the same setting.

7 SAVE / LOAD TAB: SAVE, LOAD, AND DELETE NAMED EMULATIONS

Use the Save / Load tab to store emulation parameters to a named configuration or to reload a previously stored emulation. The Save / Load tab also provides the ability to rename and delete stored emulations.

Radio buttons on the left side of the tab are used to select between Save, Load, and Delete operations.

Figure 9: Save / Load Tab

Save and load operations only save or load the emulation parameters from the Link Emulation tab. Other device configuration parameters, including the settings from the Bridge/Route tab and the Device Settings tab are not affected by saving or loading an emulation.

SECTION 7 SAVE / LOAD TAB: SAVE, LOAD, AND DELETE NAMED EMULATIONS 26

7.1 Save Emulation

The Save screen is used to store the current emulation parameters as a named emulation. Emulations are stored on the Linktropy device. Twenty named emulations can be stored in each of 10 groups, for a total of 200 separate emulations. Groups can be used to separate emulations by project, date, network, user, or any other criteria.

If the Save screen is not displayed, click on the Save radio button.

To save an emulation, first select a Group from the drop-down menu next to Group. Then pick a slot number from the drop-down menu next to Slot. Until a slot is selected, the name and description fields and the Save button remain grayed out. Select an empty slot or write over an existing configuration.

Once the slot is selected, the Name and Description fields become active. If an existing emulation is selected, the Name and Description of the emulation are shown and may be edited. If an empty slot is selected, the Name and Description fields are blank. The Name field must be filled in. The Description field is only for reference to record identifying details of the emulation and may be left blank.

Once the Group and Slot are selected and a Name assigned, the Save button becomes active. Press Save to store the emulation.

The preset group names of “Group 1” through “Group 10” can be changed by clicking the Rename link adjacent to the Group drop-down list. Changing the name of a Group does not affect the emulations stored in that Group.

7.2 Load Emulation

Previously stored emulations can be reloaded from the Load screen. Click the Load radio button to display the Load screen.

To load an emulation, first select the Group from the drop-down list. Only Groups that contain stored emulations are shown. Next, select a stored emulation from the Name drop-down list. The emulation description will be displayed. Clicking the display configuration link will show a description of the configuration in a pop-up window. If this is the correct emulation, click the Load button to restore the emulation.

Once the emulation has been loaded, the emulation parameters can be viewed and changed on the Link Emulation tab.

Loading a saved emulation overwrites the current emulation parameters. To preserve the current emulation, save the emulation before loading a new emulation.



7.3 Delete Emulation

Stored emulations can be deleted from the Delete screen. Click the Delete radio button to display the Delete screen.

To delete an emulation, first select the Group from the drop-down list. Only Groups that contain stored emulations are shown. Next, select a stored emulation from the Name drop-down list. The emulation description will be displayed. Click the Delete button to delete the selected emulation.

Once deleted, emulations cannot be recovered.

8 UPGRADE TAB: FIRMWARE UPGRADES AND LICENSE KEYS

Use the Upgrade tab to upgrade the Linktropy firmware and install new license keys.

Figure 10: Upgrade Tab

8.1 Upgrade Firmware

The firmware version currently installed on the Linktropy WAN emulator is displayed in the Upgrade Firmware row.

To change the version of firmware, first download the new image from the support section of the Apposite Technologies website at: http://www.apposite-tech.com. Save the firmware image on the PC running the browser or on a file server accessible from the browser.

In the Upgrade Firmware row, click the Browse button to find and select the image or type the name of the image, including the full path name. Then click the Upgrade button to install the new firmware.

A popup window displays the status of the upgrade operation. The new firmware will not run until the unit is rebooted.

SECTION 8 UPGRADE TAB: FIRMWARE UPGRADES AND LICENSE KEYS 29

SECTION 8 UPGRADE TAB: FIRMWARE UPGRADES AND LICENSE KEYS 30

The same procedure can be used to restore an older version of firmware if necessary. However, when downgrading to an older release, the link emulation parameters and device settings may not be preserved.

Firmware updates are available on the support section of the Apposite website. To obtain a username and password to access the support site, register your unit at http://www.apposite-tech.com/register.html. Registered users will also receive email notice of new firmware releases.

8.2 License Key

The license key controls the maximum WAN emulated link bandwidth that can be configured in each direction. The Linktropy Mini2 has a maximum rate of 100 Mbps. The Linktropy Mini-G is available with either a 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps license.

9 LINKTROPY MONITOR

The Linktropy Monitor displays link statistics, throughput graphs, and the ARP table. To access the Monitor, click on Linktropy Monitor to the right of the row of tabs in the Configuration window. The Monitor opens in a separate browser window.

To switch between statistics and ARP table pages, click the corresponding link at the top of the Monitor.

9.1 Statistics

The statistics page displays real-time statistics and throughput graphs of the traffic over the emulated link. Traffic from LAN A to LAN B is shown on the top half of the page and traffic from LAN B to LAN A is shown below. For each direction, there is a summary of the current emulation settings, a table of statistics, a graph of the transmission rate, and a table of average transmission rates. The currently running emulation parameters are also displayed.

All statistics are based on values since the last reset and are independent of whether the Monitor has been open or not. Rebooting or power cycling the device resets all values. The reset button at the top of the page resets values for the window. After reset, transmission rates are displayed in the table only after data is available for their respective intervals.

The page is refreshed at the rate set in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner.

The reset button resets statistics for its browser window only. Opening a new Monitor/Schedule window will restore statistics from the last reboot or power cycle. Reloading the current window also restores all statistics.

Statistics cannot be recovered after a reboot or power cycle of the device.

SECTION 9 LINKTROPY MONITOR 31

Figure 11: Linktropy Monitor

A graph of throughput across the emulated link in each direction is shown for the previous 10 minutes in 1 second intervals. The y-axis automatically adjusts to the maximum transmission rate over the period. The average transmission rates for the past 1 second, 10 seconds, 1 minute, and 10 minutes are also displayed in tabular form next to the graph.


Statistics are displayed in real-time in a table for each direction. The data displayed are:

Transmission Count

Bytes: number of bytes transferred over the emulated link.

Frames: number of Ethernet frames transferred over the emulated link.

Drops

Loss: number of frames dropped due to packet loss.

BER: number of frames dropped due to bit errors.

Queue: number of frames dropped due to configured queuing limits.

Total: total number of frames dropped due to loss, BER and queuing limits.

Percent: total number of dropped frames as a percentage of the total number of frames received.

Queue

Bytes: number of bytes in the emulated link’s transmit queue.

Frames: number of frames in the emulated link’s transmit queue.

9.2 ARP Table

The ARP Table page displays the current ARP table. In Bridging Mode, the ARP table only contains entries used for device management. In IP Routing Mode, the ARP table includes entries for the MGMT, LAN A, and LAN B interfaces.

To update the display with the current ARP table, click the Refresh button at the top of the page.


10 SECURITY

10.1 Passwords

The Linktropy Mini2 and Mini-G include SSL and SSH functionality for convenience of management. However, the system does not include a password, and is therefore not suitable for use where secure administration is required.

10.2 SSL

The Linktropy GUI is accessible via HTTP or HTTPS. Linktropy includes a non-unique, self-signed certificate. Use of this self-signed certificate may generate an error in the browser that the signing certificate authority is unknown and not trusted. Either ignore this error or install your own certificate.

To install a new certificate, use the “http” command from the CLI:

http load <certificate file name> <server address> ["tftp"]

For example:

linktropy> http load /certs/certificate.crt 192.168.0.100

By default, HTTP is used to download the firmware image. Specify “tftp” to use TFTP instead.

10.3 SSH

The Linktropy CLI is accessible over the network via SSH. To verify the identity of the Linktropy SSH server, use the “ssh fingerprint” command to display the fingerprints of the SSH server's public keys.

SECTION 10 SECURITY 34

11 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

Management and configuration of the Linktropy Mini2 and Mini-G including the setting of all emulation parameters, is via the Linktropy GUI. A command line interface (CLI) with a limited feature set is also available and can be accessed via the CONSOLE interface or over the network through a Telnet or SSH connection. The CLI provides the following subset of the functionality available in the Linktropy GUI:

Configure the management IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway

Load previously stored emulations

To access the CLI, log into the device at the prompt as “admin”. There is no password.

SSH can be used to either log into the Linktropy CLI, similar to Telnet, or to execute a single command.

The SSH and Telnet services can be enabled or disabled through the CLI using the telnet and ssh commands. By default, both are enabled. Multiple simultaneous sessions are allowed.

SECTION 11 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE 35

11.1 CLI Command Syntax

Command Syntax and Description

help

help or ?

Displays a list of commands available through the CLI.

A question mark after any command displays the command syntax.

http

http load <certificate file name> <server address> ["tftp"]

Installs an SSL certificate. Uploaded certificate replaces the self-signed certificate supplied in the firmware. If the certificate is not located in the root directory of the HTTP server or TFTP server, the file name must include the full path name.

Specify the IP address of the HTTP or TFTP server.

By default, HTTP is used to download the firmware image. Specify “tftp” to use TFTP instead.

ifstat

ifstat [<interval>]

Continuously reports the number of frames and bytes transmitted and received on each interface at the specified interval. The interval is specified in seconds and defaults to 1 second if no interval is specified. Use CTRL-C to stop.

This command is only available on the Mini2.

init

init config ["nolicense"]

Returns the configuration to factory default settings.

Include “nolicense” to also reset the license acceptance.

Takes effect upon reboot unless there is a subsequent save of the configuration.

list list saved

Displays a list of saved configurations, ordered by Group index and Slot index

load

load {<group-idx> | <group-name>} {<slot-idx> | <config-name>}

Loads a saved configuration specified by Group and Slot to the specified link number. The Group and Slot may be specified by name or index. Any spaces in the name must be surrounded by double quotes.

logout logout

Logout from the command line interface. Returns user to the login prompt.



mgmt

mgmt set addr <addr> netmask <mask>

Sets the IP address and netmask of the MGMT interface

mgmt set gw <addr>

Sets the default gateway of the device

mgmt show

Displays the IP address and netmask of the MGMT interface and default gateway of the device.

ping

ping <address> [<size>]

Pings from the device to address with the specified sized packets.

Use CTRL-C to stop.

reboot reboot

Reboots the device. Returns user to the login prompt after reboot.

ssh

ssh [enable | disable | fingerprint]

Enables or disables SSH service, or displays the fingerprint of the SSH server’s public keys. If service is disabled, any sessions in progress are terminated. With no argument, ‘ssh’ reports current status of the service.

telnet telnet [enable | disable]

Enables or disables telnet service. If service is disabled, any sessions in progress are terminated. With no argument, ‘telnet’ reports current status of the service.

upgrade

upgrade <image name> <server address> ["tftp"]

Upgrades the Linktropy firmware. If the image is not located in the root directory of the HTTP server or TFTP server, the image name must include the full path name.

Specify the IP address of the HTTP or TFTP server.

By default, the Linktropy WAN Emulator will use HTTP to download the firmware image. Specify “tftp” to use TFTP instead.

version version

Displays the operating firmware version.

12 APPOSITE SUPPORT

If you experience any problem with the Linktropy hardware, consult the Hardware Guide for your model. If you have any questions about the firmware not answered in this User’s Guide, please check the Apposite Technologies website at http://www.apposite-tech.com for updated firmware and documentation. If your question is not answered, please contact Apposite Support.

Purchase of the Linktropy Mini2 and Mini-G includes ninety days of support and one year maintenance and hardware warranty.

If you believe the firmware is not functioning properly, please upgrade to the latest firmware release. If the problem persists, please contact Apposite Support at:

[email protected] 1.310.477.9955 ext. 2

When contacting Apposite Support, please include the following information:

Linktropy model

Serial number

Your e-mail address and phone number

Installed firmware version

A detailed description of the problem

Do not attempt to fix any hardware problem yourself. The Linktropy WAN emulator contains no user serviceable parts. Opening the chassis voids the warranty.

SECTION 12 APPOSITE SUPPORT 38

APPENDIX A: LINKTROPY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

The Apposite Technologies (“Apposite”) Linktropy product includes the Linktropy hardware (“Hardware”), software embedded in the Hardware (“Software”), including any upgrades, modified versions, updates, additions and copies of the Software, and related explanatory materials (“Documentation”). Collectively, the Hardware, Software, and Documentation are the “Product.”

Conditioned upon compliance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Apposite hereby grants you a nonexclusive and nontransferable license to use the Software solely as embedded on the Hardware, and to use the Documentation solely in conjunction with the Software and Hardware.

Title and Restrictions

Apposite retains all right, title and interest in the Software and Documentation. The Software and Documentation are protected by United States and international copyright and other intellectual property laws and international trade provisions. Except as otherwise expressly provided under this Agreement, you shall not directly or authorize any third party to:

(i) copy the Software, except as necessary for archival or backup purposes only;

(ii) transfer, assign, sublicense, rent, lease, lend, or otherwise transfer your license rights to any other person or entity;

(iii) install or use the Software on any computing device other than the Hardware;

(iv) modify or adapt the Software or Documentation or create derivative works based upon the Software or Documentation;

(v) reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile, decrypt, or otherwise attempt to derive the source code of the Software, except to the extent otherwise expressly permitted under applicable law notwithstanding this restriction. To the extent required by law, and at your written request, Apposite will provide you with the interface information needed to achieve interoperability between the Software and another independently created program;

(vi) remove, alter, cover or obfuscate any of the trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, or add any other notices or markings to or on the Software, Documentation, or Hardware without the express written authorization of Apposite.

Limited Warranty

Apposite warrants that for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment of the Hardware to you (“Warranty Period”), the Hardware will be free of any defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and the Software will perform substantially in accordance with the Documentation. This limited warranty extends only to the original user of the Product. This limited warranty is void if failure of the Hardware or Software to conform to the warranty has resulted from improper installation, testing, misuse, neglect, accident, fire or other hazard, or any breach of this Agreement.

Apposite and its suppliers’ entire liability and your sole and exclusive remedy shall be, at Apposite’s sole discretion, to (i) repair the Software or Hardware; (ii) provide replacement Hardware or Software; or (iii) refund the purchase price

APPENDIX A: LINKTROPY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT 39

and terminate this Agreement. This limited warranty applies only if the product is returned to Apposite, freight and insurance prepaid, in accordance with Apposite’s Return Material Authorization (RMA) procedures. Any repaired or replaced Software or Hardware will be warranted for the remainder of the original Warranty Period or thirty (30) days, whichever is longer.

Disclaimer of Warranties

THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPOSITE DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF TITLE, NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY BY JURISDICTION.

Limitation of Liability

REGARDLESS WHETHER ANY REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE, IN NO EVENT WILL APPOSITE OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF INFORMATION, OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES HOWEVER CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY OR WHETHER ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT AND EVEN IF APPOSITE OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPOSITE OR ITS SUPPLIERS’ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), BREACH OF WARRANTY, OR OTHERWISE, EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

Term and Termination

This agreement takes effect upon your use of the software and remains effective until terminated. You may terminate it at any time by destroying all copies of the Software and Documentation in your possession. This license will terminate immediately if you fail to comply with any term or condition of this agreement. You agree on termination of this license to cease all use of the Software and Documentation. In addition, the provisions of the sections “U.S. Government Restricted Rights” and “Export” shall survive termination of this agreement.

Export

The Product, including the underlying technology, is subject to U.S. export control laws, and may be subject to export or import regulations in other countries. You may not export or import the Product and the underlying technology, directly or indirectly, in violation of these laws. You agree to comply strictly with all such laws and regulations and acknowledge that you have the responsibility to obtain such licenses to export, re-export, or import as may be required.

U.S. Government Restricted Rights

The Software and Documentation qualify as “commercial computer software” and “commercial computer software documentation” pursuant to FAR 12.212 and DFAR 227.7202. The Software and Documentation are being licensed to U.S. Government end users only as Commercial Items and with only those rights as are granted to all other end users pursuant to the terms and conditions of this agreement.



General Provisions

This agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California without reference to its conflicts of law provisions. This agreement shall not be governed by the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, the application of which is expressly excluded. If for any reason a court of competent jurisdiction finds any provision, or portion thereof, to be unenforceable, the remainder of this agreement shall continue in full force and effect.

This agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the Product and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous understandings regarding such subject matter, whether written or oral, and supersedes any conflicting or additional terms contained in any purchase order or elsewhere, all of which terms are excluded. No amendment to or modification of this agreement are binding unless in writing and signed by Apposite.

Third Party Acknowledgements

Portions of the Software utilize or include third party software and other copyrighted material. Acknowledgements, licensing terms and disclaimers for such material are contained in the Linktropy User’s Guide, and your use of such material is governed by their respective terms. Certain third party software are free software licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). You may obtain a complete machine-readable copy of the source code for such free software under the terms of the GPL. The GPL software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. A copy of the GPL is included in the product User’s Guide.

APPENDIX B: THIRD PARTY LICENSES

Apache

Apache License

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http://www.apache.org/licenses/

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

1. Definitions.

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"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.

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"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.

"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."

"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.

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If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.

You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.

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9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or

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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Click License

Portions of this software are subject to the license below. The relevant source files are clearly marked; they refer to this file using the phrase "the Click LICENSE file". This license is an MIT license, plus a clause (taken from the W3C license) requiring prior written permission to use our names in publicity. The AUTHORS file lists the people who have contributed to this software.

(c) 1999-2007 Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

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a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.

c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License.

(Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.

3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.

If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.

6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the

conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.

It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.

This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

NO WARRANTY

11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

GNU Software

Linktropy Software incorporates open source program files distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2, a copy of which is included below. For a period of three years, upon request, Apposite will send you a machine-readable copy of the source code of these program files.

Jonpy

Copyright (c) 2002 Jon Ribbens




Libedit

Copyright (c) 1992, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.

This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by Christos Zoulas of Cornell University.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Libxml2

Except where otherwise noted in the source code (e.g. the files hash.c,list.c and the trio files, which are covered by a similar licence but with different Copyright notices) all the files are:

Copyright (C) 1998-2012 Daniel Veillard. All Rights Reserved.



THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FIT-NESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THEAUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHERLIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS INTHE SOFTWARE.

Libxslt2

Licence for libxslt except libexslt

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Daniel Veillard. All Rights Reserved.



THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FIT-NESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THEDANIEL VEILLARD BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHERIN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CON-NECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Except as contained in this notice, the name of Daniel Veillard shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from him.

LightTPD

Copyright (c) 2004, Jan Kneschke, incremental

All rights reserved.


- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

- Neither the name of the 'incremental' nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS “AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR

IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

LILO

LInux LOader (LILO) program code, documentation, and auxiliary programs:

Copyright 1992-1998 Werner Almesberger

Copyright 1999-2007 John Coffman

Copyright 2009-2013 Joachim Wiedorn



* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

* Neither the names of the authors nor the names of other contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Ncurses

Copyright (c) 1998-2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:


THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESSOR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OROTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE ORTHE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization.

OpenSSH License

(1) Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <[email protected]>, Espoo, Finland. All rights reserved.

(2) Cryptographic attack detector for ssh: Copyright (c) 1998 CORE SDI S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina. All rights reserved.

(3) Ssh-keyscan: Copyright 1995, 1996 by David Mazieres <[email protected]>

(4) Rijndael implementation by Vincent Rijmen, Antoon Bosselaers and Paulo Barreto.

(5) One component of the ssh source code is under a 3-clause BSD license held by the University of California. Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1995 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:





(6) Components of the software are provided under a standard 2-term BSD license with the following names as copyright holders: Markus Friedl, Theo de Raadt, Niels Provos, Dug Song, Aaron Campbell, Damien Miller, Kevin Steves, Daniel Kouril, Wesley Griffin, Per Allansson, Nils Nordman, Simon Wilkinson.

(7) Portable OpenSSH additionally includes code from the following copyright holders, also under the 2-term BSD license: Ben Lindstrom, Tim Rice, Andre Lucas, Chris Adams, Corinna Vinschen, Cray Inc., Denis Parker, Gert Doering, Jakob Schlyter, Jason Downs, Juha Yrjölä, Michael Stone, Networks Associates Technology, Inc., Solar Designer, Todd C. Miller, Wayne Schroeder, William Jones, Darren Tucker, Sun Microsystems, The SCO Group, Daniel Walsh. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:



THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR

OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

8) Portable OpenSSH contains the following additional licenses:

a) md5crypt.c, md5crypt.h: Poul-Henning Kamp

b) snprintf replacement: Copyright Patrick Powell 1995

c) Compatibility code (openbsd-compat)

Apart from the previously mentioned licenses, various pieces of code in the openbsd-compat/ subdirectory are licensed as follows: Some code is licensed under a 3-term BSD license, to the following copyright holders: Todd C. Miller, Theo de Raadt, Damien Miller, Eric P. Allman, The Regents of the University of California, Constantin S. Svintsoff. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:





Some code is licensed under an ISC-style license, to the following copyright holders: Internet Software Consortium, Todd C. Miller, Reyk Floeter,Chad Mynhier. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.

Some code is licensed under a MIT-style license to the following copyright holders: Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:


THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization.

OpenSSL License

Copyright (c) 1998-2008 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved.




3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgment:

"This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)"

4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior written permission. For written permission, please contact [email protected].

5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL" nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written permission of the OpenSSL Project.

6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following acknowledgment: "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)"

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young ([email protected]). This product includes software written by Tim Hudson ([email protected]).

Original SSLeay License

Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Eric Young ([email protected]) All rights reserved.

This package is an SSL implementation written by Eric Young ([email protected]). The implementation was written so as to conform with Netscapes SSL.

This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as long as the following conditions are aheared to. The following conditions apply to all code found in this distribution, be it the RC4, RSA, lhash, DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code. The SSL documentation included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms except that the holder is Tim Hudson ([email protected]).

Copyright remains Eric Young's, and as such any Copyright notices in the code are not to be removed. If this package is used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution as the author of the parts of the library used. This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or in documentation (online or textual) provided with the package.


1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.


3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement: "This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young ([email protected])".

4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative thereof) from the apps directory (application code) you must include an acknowledgement: "This product includes software written by Tim Hudson ([email protected])"

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' ANDANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

The license and distribution terms for any publically available version or derivative of this code cannot be changed. i.e. this code cannot simply be copied and put under another distribution license[including the GNU Public License.]

PHP License

This product includes PHP, freely available from http://www.php.net/.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

The PHP License, version 3.0. Copyright (c) 1999 - 2005 The PHP Group. All rights reserved.

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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted provided that the following conditions are met:



3. The name "PHP" must not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior written permission. For written permission, please contact [email protected].

4. Products derived from this software may not be called "PHP", nor may "PHP" appear in their name, without prior written permission from [email protected]. You may indicate that your software works in conjunction with PHP by saying "Foo for PHP" instead of calling it "PHP Foo" or "phpfoo"

5. The PHP Group may publish revised and/or new versions of the license from time to time. Each version will be given a distinguishing version number.

Once covered code has been published under a particular version of the license, you may always continue to use it under the terms of that version. You may also choose to use such covered code under the terms of any subsequent version of the license published by the PHP Group. No one other than the PHP Group has the right to modify the terms applicable to covered code created under this License.

6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following acknowledgment:

"This product includes PHP, freely available from <http://www.php.net/>".

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PHP DEVELOPMENT TEAM “AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PHP DEVELOPMENT TEAM OR ITS

CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals on behalf of the PHP Group.

The PHP Group can be contacted via Email at [email protected].

For more information on the PHP Group and the PHP project, please see <http://www.php.net>.

This product includes the Zend Engine, freely available at <http://www.zend.com>.

Pyparsing

Copyright (c) 2003-2013 Paul T. McGuire




Yahoo! User Interface Library

Copyright (c) 2006, Yahoo! Inc.


Redistribution and use of this software in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

* Neither the name of Yahoo! Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission of Yahoo! Inc.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Apposite® Technologies LLC 11500 W. Olympic Blvd., Suite 510 Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA 1.310.477.9955 [email protected] www.apposite-tech.com

mini series user's guide - apposite technologies, inc. · a pc with an rs-232 serial port...

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