military history curriculum - west ada school district ... · web view2c. what are some examples of...

Critical Content/Concept Web

Unit Topic: Introduction to Warfare: Prehistory – Rome

Conceptual Lens: Conflict

Grade: 11 th & 12 th

Unit Overview

This unit will focus on the development of warfare from Pre-historic man to the fall of the Roman Empire. Specific emphasis will be placed upon weaponry, strategy, tactics, logistics, and the causes of conflict.

Unit Topic: Introduction to Warfare: Prehistory - Rome

Weaponry

People Sargon of Akkad Darius Alexander the Great Marius Caesar

Suggested Resource:

The Origins of War: From the Stone Age to Alexander the GreatBy Arthur Ferrill

Strategies, Tactics & Logistics

Causes of Conflict

Vocabulary Warfare Strategy Tactics Organization (column & line) Offense v. Defense Inventive Cycle Mobility Security & Firepower Logistics Resources Weapons: club, speark, bow, knives,

mace, ax, gladius, atlatl, pilum, xiphos, aspis, scutum, chariot, sarissa

Hoplon Battles: Kadesh, Megiddo, Marathon,

Salamis, Guagameala, Zama, Pydna, Alesia

Troops: heavy infantry, light infantry, skirmishers, cavalry

Legion, cohort, phalanx, Macedonian phalanx

Hoplite Naval Warfare: galley, trireme, bireme,

corvus Palette of Narmer, Standard of Ur

Grade: 11-12Subject: Military HistoryUnit: Introduction to Warfare: Pre-history - RomeLens: Conflict

Enduring Understandings Guiding Questions

1. Warfare evolves throughout history (1-15)

2. The complexity of weapons change with the development of civilizations. (2,4,5,8,11,12,13,14)

3. Basic logistics, strategies and tactics endure throughout the history of warfare. (1,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,14,15)

4. Resources, ideology and power have been the main causes of war throughout history. (1,10,12,15)

1a. What is warfare?1b. How has it evolved throughout history?

2a. What is the offensive and defensive inventive cycle?2b. How did weapons evolve and change from Pre-history to the end of the Roman Empire?2c. What are some examples of short, intermediate and long range weapons?

3a. What are logistics?3b. What is the difference between strategy and tactics?

4a. Why do we fight?

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AC = Assessment Code: Q – Quizzes P - PromptsCritical Content and Skills O – Observations WS – Work Samples

D – Dialogues SA – Student Self-Assessment

T - TestsStudents will Know… AC Students will be able to do… AC

1. Warfare is organized, purposeful group action directed against another group with the goal of achieving your objective.

2. The offensive – defensive inventive cycle.

3. Basic military formations4. The variety of weapons used within

this time period:a) Short range weapons: stick,

rocks, club, mace, ax, knife/dagger, short sword, gladius

b) Intermediate range weapons: spear, pila/pilum

c) Long range weapons: atlatl, simple bow and arrow, catapult, ballista

5. The tactics and weapons used for hunting evolved into tactics and weapons used in warfare.

6. What is the difference between strategy and tactic?

7. “You can’t fight a war without food.” – the logistics of war.

8. The three ingredients of warfare:

1. Read for understanding2. Summarize3. Compare and Contrast4. Use graphic organizers5. Use map skills6. Analyze the affect geography has on

warfare7. Examine and draw conclusions about

the evolution of warfare.8. Role-play variations of tactical use.

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mobility, security and firepower (a balanced approach).

9. Tactics of organized warfareGrade: 11-12Subject: Military HistoryUnit: Introduction to Warfare: Pre-history - RomeLens: Conflict




10. What are you fight for – competition for scarce resources, acquisition of power and territory.

a. Water, food, territory, etc.b. Fight for the herds or fight for

the farm11. The complexity of warfare

developed with the complexity of civilizations (hunting and gathering v. agricultural)

12. Summary of major developments in warfare in the following civilizations: Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Assyrian, Hittite, Persian, Greek & Roman

13. Early fortification (early City States and Rome)

14. Naval warfare (Galley warfare)15. The importance and outcomes

of the following battles: Kadesh, Megiddo, Marathon, Salamis, Guagameala, Zama, Pydna, Alesia

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Instructional Plan/Activities(Correlations)

Round Robin activity using various readings on pre-historic warfare 1-4 1-15 1-7

Create a conquest map of Alexander the Great 1-4 1-4, 6-10, 12-15 1-7

Student re-enactments: Hoplite, Roman Legion, etc. 1-3 1-4, 8-9, 11-12, 15

1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8

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Unit Topic: War in the Middle Ages/The Military Renaissance

Conceptual Lens: Change


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Unit Overview

This unit will focus on military changes that occurred between the fall of Rome and the rise and fall of Feudalism due to the gunpowder revolution. Students will also examine the ideas of religious war and war for profit.

Unit Topic: War in the Middle Ages/The

Military Renaissance

Fall of Rome

People Ghengis Khan Saladin Mohammad Vauban Pope Urban II Charlemagne Gustavus Adolphus

Terminology Barbarian Invasion

o Vikings, Norse, Goths, Huns, Vandals, Mongols

Economic Decline/Failure Overextension Civil war Feudalism Chivalry Castle (military purpose)

o Gate, Keep, Arrow Loop, Towers, Motte, Moat, Curtain Wall, Crenellations

Motte and Bailey The Star Fortification Longship The Arab Conquest Gunpowder: match lock, wheel

lock, flint lock, percussion cap, cartridge, caseless cartridge

Siege Engines Crusades The Holy Land, Palestine,

Jerusalem, Mecca Battles: Hattin, Constantinople,

Crecy, Agincourt, Manzikert Longbow, composite bow,

crossbow Knight Cannon Bayonet

Feudalism

Gunpowder Revolution

Wars: Religious &

Wealth

Grade: 11-12Subject: Military HistoryUnit: War in the Middle Ages/The Military RenaissanceLens: Change


1. The fall of a central government creates instability and chaos. (1, 2)

2. Groups of people unite for protection. (4, 5, 6, 9)

3. Advances in weaponry transform military warfare. (10, 11, 12, 13, 14)

4. War creates formal sets of rules. (5, 7, 8)

5. The acquisition of wealth can lead to conflict. (3, 4, 8, 9)

1a. What does a strong central government provide?1b. What will happen with the loss of a central government?

2a. What created the need for feudalism?2b. How does feudalism work?

3a. Why did gun powder replace earlier forms of weapons?3b. How did the use of gun powder encourage changes in strategy and tactic?3c. How did fortifications change as a result of the development of gun powder?

4a. How did chivalry impact rules for warfare? Is chivalry still present in warfare today?

5a. What was the driving force behind the Viking invasion?5b. Was wealth one of the driving forces behind the Crusades and Arab conquests?

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1. The fall of the Roman Empire created a need for stability, leadership, protection, and a form of government.

2. Without the framework of a strong government war for plunder becomes common place.

3. The timeframe for the beginning of Islam’s conquest of the Middle East.

4. The Vikings were the ultimate raiders:

a. The long ship allowed them to travel up river.

b. Strategy of hit and runc. The objective of war from the

Viking perspective is plunder.5. The feudal system develops from the

need for military protection.6. The main fortification of the feudal

system was the development of the castle.

7. The feudal system created a new code of military ethics called Chivalry. Chivalry is the first example of “Rules of War.” (Also know the code Bushido in Feudal

1. Read for understanding2. Summarize3. Compare and Contrast4. Use graphic organizers5. Use map skills6. Analyze the effect geography has on


the evolution of warfare8. Model various military developments

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Japan.)8. Religion and the acquisition of wealth

were the primary causes of the Crusades.

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The significance of Jerusalem to three religions

9. The Mongols created the largest continuous land-empire in history.

10. The gunpowder revolution replaces many previously known weapons, tactics and fortifications.

11. Firearm development A man-powered delivery

system is replaced by a mechanical and/or chemical delivery system.

12. Gunpowder initiates the need for a new style of fortifications (The Star Fortification)

13. The Galley is replaced by the age of sail.

14. The influence of Gustavus Adolphus’ combined arms tactics.

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Students make a model of a castle to include the military fortifications 2,3 5, 6, 8, 11, 12

1, 2, 3, 7, 8

Jigsaw Activity of Muslim expansion and conquest 4, 5 1, 3, 8 1, 2, 4, 7

Mapping activities: Viking conquests, Crusades, The Mongol Empire 1-5 1, 2, 4, 8, 9

1, 2, 3, 5, 6

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Unit Topic: State Armies & Modern War (Industrialized War)

Conceptual Lens: Industrialization


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Unit Overview

This unit will focus on the development of a strong central government and the impact it had on military might. Industrialization and technological advancement increases the magnitude of war.

Unit Topic: State Armies & Modern War

(industrialized War)

Centralized Government

People

Frederick the Great Napoleon von Clausewitz Sun Tzu Alfred Mahan Hans Guderian

Terminology Standardization Industrialization Centralized Government Nation State Oblique Order La Grande Armee Nationalism Conscription Corps Combined Arms Mini Ball Imperialism Steam Engine Iron Clad Ships of the Line Artillery

o Breech Loadero Muzzle Loader

Tank: Little Willy, Mark I Air Supremacy Strategic and Tactical Bombing Blitzkrieg Total War Radar, Sonar Manhattan Project

Combined Arms

Industrialization

Grade: 11-12Subject: Military HistoryUnit: State Armies & Modern War (Industrialized War)Lens: Industrialization


1. The ability to centralize resources at a national level will be reflected in military might. (1,2,3,4,7,11,18)

2. Technological advancements in civilizations increase a nation’s ability to make war. (4,8,9,10,11,14,15,16,17,18,19)

3. Technological advancements increase the complexity of combined arms and their strategic and tactical use. (5,6,7,18)

1a. What is the Nation State?1b. How can a strong centralized government influence the size and power of its military capabilities?

2a. How did the rifled musket impact war?2b. What impact did industrialization have on military capacity?

3a. Who were Frederick the Great, and von Clausewitz and Sun Tzu?3b. How did their ideas and writings create a blueprint for conducting modern war?

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1. Centralized Nation States replace Feudalism.

2. The Nation State can know mobilize and centralize all military resources.

3. The Nation State creates large professional armies.

4. The establishment of modern combined arms (infantry, cavalry and artillery).

5. The important of Frederick the Great’s developments in military tactics and strategy (Classical Maneuvers of War).

6. The Principles of War (von Clausewitz & Sun Tzu).

7. The importance behind Napoleon’s ideas of Conscription and Nationalism.

8. The effect Industrialization had on the technological advances, size, scope and scale of war.

9. The importance of the minie ball in firearm development.

10. The American Civil War is the first modernized industrial war.

11. Europeans will use the modern




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national government and industrial power to conquer the world.





12. The alliance system of WWI and WWII will create a new scale of war.

13. The new technologies of war: machine gun, tank, airplane, aircraft carrier, poison gas, submarine, battleships, radio, sonar, radar.

14. The offensive and defensive cycle of Trench Warfare.

15. Strategic and tactical bombing.16. The military impact of

Blitzkrieg.17. The importance of sea power.18. The concept of Total War.19. The significance of the nuclear

bomb.

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Make a model, 2-fold display or PPT on a military development during the age of State Armies and Modern Warfare 2, 3

11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,

17, 18, 191, 2, 7, 8

Use guest speakers from the community to show differences between WWI & WWII. 2, 2 12, 13, 14 3, 4, 7

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Unit Topic: Limited War and Wars of Ideology

Conceptual Lens: Technology & Ideology


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Unit Overview

This unit will focus on the shift from total war to limited war, the use of technology to gain advantage and the strategy to limit the use of technology.

Unit Topic: Limited War and Wars of

Ideology

The Nuclear Age

People

Mao Osama Castro

Terminology

Trinity Fat Man & Little Boy Hiroshima Nagasaki Kiloton Megaton Deterrence Mutually Assured Destruction

(MAD) Sputnik ICBM First Strike Capability Ballistic Missile Submarine Dirty Bombs V1 & V2 Cruise Missile Stealth Jet Aircraft Satellites Weapons of Mass Destruction Cuban Missile Crisis

Ideology

Grade: 11-12Subject: Military HistoryUnit: Limited War and Wars of IdeologyLens: Technology and Ideology


1. Highly advanced technology creates a stalemate in the offensive and defensive cycle. (1,2,3,4,5, 6)

2. Ideology drives conflict. (5,7,8,9,10,11)

3. The lack of technology can be used as a military advantage. (2,5,8,10,11)

1a. Where/When was the first atomic bomb used on the battlefield?1b. Why don’t nations use atomic weapons today?

2a. Why did we enter into the Cold War?2b. Why did we enter into the War on Terror?

3a. What is guerilla warfare? Why is it an advantage to underdeveloped nations or groups of people?3b. What is the goal of terrorism?

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1. The difference between total war and limited war.

2. The nuclear age will restrict the scale of war.

3. The new strategic balance created by Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD will deter total war.

4. Technology advanced delivery systems for nuclear weapons.

5. War by proxy/war through client states.

6. Controlling military technology creates a possibility of advantage.

7. The concept of protracted defensive war.

8. Guerilla war will be added element to strategic and tactical warfare.

9. Ideology drives war10. The military goal of terrorism11. Terrorism neutralized

technological advantages




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Students create their own guerilla campaign. 3 8-11 1-8

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military history curriculum - west ada school district ... · web view2c. what are some examples of...

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