Migration and Conflict

1400’s TravelMassive increase in travel activitySearch for land as communities grow

Agricultural needsResources becoming scarce

Adventures of Sea TravelRomanticizedEnticing due to larger haulsLess conflict

The Portuguese

Prince Henry the Navigatordrawn to areas of Africafor trade, exploits, and bringing of

Christianitygoal to control the coast off of Africa and

along to the IndiesGreat success…..rulers the sea, seen as

the experts of the seaOthers looked to them for their ingenuity

and knowledge of seafaring Impact on Africa

mixed responsesbeginnings of slave trading

The “Sweet” Side of SlaverySugar recognized as important commodityLabor intensivePlantations growing

Labor source neededLand needed

The Americas

Notable NamesColumbusSingle-minded ambition: find route to China and India

Never fully recognized what he had come upon and what the ramifications would be

Cont……Hernando Cortes vs. Monctezuma 1519

Aztec empire the greatest of its time in North and Central America

Strengths: powerful military, great wealth and system of control

Weaknesses: No centralized gov’t, no alliances with those they conquered, lack of advances in weaponry, religious belief.

Cont…..Cortes traveled with Malinche, companion and translator allowed to make alliances on the way and communicate once in Tenochtitlan

Tenochtitlan fell easily due to the three D’s: Disease, disunity and disorganization

Cont…..Incas vs. Pizarro 1530

In S. America another occurrence and conquering took place

Incas very well organized and centralized, with an established system of governing

Pizzaro and his rough bunch came at just the right time

Internal friction coupled power given to one led to the demise of this great power along with the advanced technology and of course the D word..disease

Soon toppled by the Spanish 

The British are Coming

Giovanni Caboto aka John CabotPrior to John Cabot trips made well into the

Atlantic for fishing, animal hides and timber1497 discovers Newfoundland…served as a

great port and a place of seafaring camaraderie, sharing of tales tips

This was a slow beginning for England; not bringing in the riches of other Europeans

Cont…England ReformedReligious changes impact England in

many waysKing Henry the VIII stirring things up for

personal reasons, affected politics and religionProtestants on the rise in the aftermathFirst intro to the Puritans under the rule of

Elizabeth the ICalvinist zealots

Cont…Elizabeth opens door for exploration

Philosophy: Protestantism, nationalism, exploration, and colonization

Desire to get in the gameSir Walter Raleigh and Humphrey Gilbert lead

the wayCharters givenSome hits, some missesRaleigh initially makes good contact

Cont….First interactions between natives and

English mutually beneficialFeuds soon to follow, retreatTrying again, disastrous effects 2nd time

around