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Midwestern University
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Syllabus for MA in Folklore and Cultural Studies
1. Introduction
Folklore is the study of human creation that continues from generation to generation. It is the
foundation of identity of the folk groups. It comprises of the oral traditions (folk tales, folk
epics, folk ballads, oral poetry, proverbs and sayings), performing arts (music, dance, drama,
games), beliefs and practices (customs, religions, rituals, festivals etc.) As well as the
knowledge and production of material culture (vernacular architecture, furniture, household
items, food ways, etc.) Most of these topics are also included in the intangible cultural
heritage with traditional knowledge. The emerging discipline of cultural studies helps to
explain how the groups create and transform individual experiences, social relations and
power.
2. Objectives of the syllabus
This syllabus is designed for ma in folklore and cultural studies to provide knowledge and
skills to enable the students to work for the preservation and promotion of folklore and
intangible cultural heritage of Nepal. As a multi-cultural country, Nepal has given prime
importance to protect and promote folklore and intangible cultural heritage of the country.
The courses contained in this syllabus will enable the students to be able to work in the areas
of heritage conservation, promotion of traditional arts and crafts, environmental protection,
teaching, research and local development projects. The syllabus also contains courses on
cultural studies to extend their field of interdisciplinary study of culture. The courses on
archaeology, cultural anthropology and history are also introduced to enable the students to
understand and work effectively in the related fields of human culture.
3. Overview of the courses
This syllabus for MA in Folklore and Cultural Studies will be for four semesters to be
completed in two years. The courses contain 75 credits in total. Except the dissertation, all the
courses are of three credits depending on the nature of study topics. One credit is equal to 16
teaching/contact hours. Some of the courses are elective.
The first semester begins with the introductory course on folklore (FCS-511), and extends to
anthropological approaches to folklore and culture (FCS-512) and folklore theories and
methodologies (FCS-513). The students will also be studying simultaneously two core
courses of folklore such as the oral traditions (FCS-514) and performing arts (FCS-515).
Each student of folklore and cultural studies has to write notes, reviews, summaries, project
reports, field reports, term papers and dissertation during the two year academic session. A
course on academic writings (FCS-516) will be given in the beginning of the semester to
facilitate the students in writing and presenting whatever they have learnt.
The second semester also contains some core courses of folklore such as folk beliefs, rituals
and customs (FCS-521) and Culture (FCS-522).
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As the form of human communication has been changing rapidly, folklorists need to know
the changes from the system of orality to literacy and to the ways of multimedia. The
importance as well as the beauty and complexities of human languages must be known by the
students of folklore. A course on communication, language and media (FCS-523) is designed
to enable the students to understand the nature and function of language and its role in human
culture.
The theories and methodologies are in the first semester in order to make the students aware
of the theoretical foundation in folklore which is further strengthened with the courses
offered in cultural theories and popular culture (FCS-524) in the second semester. A course
on introduction to archaeology is designed to enrich the students with the principles and
practices for the study of prehistoric human culture and archaeology (FCS-525). The course
on research methodology (FCS-526) is offered to enable the students to equip with the
theories and methodologies of social science research.
The courses for the third semester are on the South Asian folklore (FCS-531) and folklore of
Nepal-1(FCS-534) to enlighten the students with the regional and local folklore. This course
is introduced to make the students aware of the commonalities and diversities of the folklore
of the South Asian region. Students will also do folklore fieldwork and go with the process of
documentation (FCS-533). This course helps the students to prepare for fieldwork, use the
tools to collect materials and analyze them with appropriate methods. A course on cultural
studies (FCS-532) is introduced to help the students understand the theory and enable them
for practical work of analysis and to empower them with interdisciplinary approaches. There
are three elective courses relevant for the students of folklore. The courses on ethno-botany
(FCS-535), sociolinguistics and Nepalese languages (FCS-536) and folklore projects (FCS-
537) are designed to enrich the students with related subjects.
The elective course of folklore project (FCS-537) will be offered only to the selected students
to enrich their skill and craftsmanship to develop them as a carrier of folk tradition. It is
offered to expand one of the traditional skills in him/her such as storytelling, folk dances, folk
music, folk arts, Maithili painting, Thanka and Paubha making, Khukuri making, paper
works, gold and silver works, bamboo works, textile, etc.
In the fourth semester a brief course in the history of Nepal is offered (FCS-541). It contains
oral, social and political history of Nepal with special reference to Karnali zone. The course
on traditional knowledge (FCS-542) is designed to cover the knowledge and wisdom of
indigenous people not included in other courses.
Conservation of intangible cultural heritage is one of the major concerns of the time which is
recommended by UNESCO in 2003. As bio-diversity and cultural diversity are closely
related, the folklorists and students of intangible cultural heritage should be aware of the
relation of nature and culture. The course on natural and cultural heritage conservation (FCS-
543) is meant to broaden the knowledge and skills for heritage management.
Nepalese folklore-2 (FCS-544) is prepared to do a survey and discuss on major aspects of
Nepalese folklore of Western Nepal (Province 4, 5, 6, 7). A reading list of selected works on
Nepalese folklore will be provided for critical reading, discussion and writing. The course on
folklore and cultural tourism (FCS-545) will provide opportunities to the students to apply
their knowledge and skills in the field of tourism.
Dissertation (FCS-546) is compulsory and should be completed under a supervisor within the
time allowed by the Department.
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4. Admission requirements
A bachelor in any subject of humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, education, law and
management from any recognized institution by Midwestern University is eligible for
admission in the MA course in Folklore and Cultural Studies. All the students are required to
sit in the entrance examination and the selected students will be admitted for regular courses.
5. Evaluation and Grading Point System
The grading point (GP) system for evaluation will be as follows:
Grade GPA Percentage Rank
A+ GP-4.0 85% and above Outstanding
A GP-3.7 75-84.9% Excellent
B+ GP-3.3 70-74.9% Very good
B GP-3.0 65-69.9% Good
B- GP-2.7 60-64.9% Satisfactory
C GP-2.0 50-59.9% Pass
F GP-0.0 50-below Fail
6. Course requirements
The courses for MA in folklore and cultural studies will be running under semester system.
The students are advised to actively participate and attend the classes regularly. They should
present book reports, reading assignment reports, essays and project reports in time allowed
by the teachers. Course works will be as follows:
- Attendance and active participation 10%
- Reading, writing and reporting 10%
- Mid-term examination 20%
- Final examination 60%
(a) Attendance and active participation: Students are required to attend the classes
regularly. A total of 80% attendance is compulsory for the semester final examination. If
the student fails or attendance is less than 80%, s/he can attend the examination held in
the next year.
(b) Reading, writing and reporting: The students should read the materials assigned to
them and report to the concerned teachers. This involves book reviews, summary
writing, quizzes and reading questions and group presentations as well as different types
of exercises expected for the courses. Teachers will keep records of the students of their
class activities.
(c) Mid-term exam/term paper: A mid-term exam will be held in order to evaluate the
progress of the students when about half of the course is complete. A term paper of about
10 pages can also be an alternative if the course demands. But it should be submitted on
the date fixed by the teacher.
(d) Semester final examination: The semester final examination will be held on the dates
fixed by the Department. Those who miss or fail in the semester final examination, they
can appear in the examination held in the next year.
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Table 1: Course codes, course titles and credit hours
Courses for MA in Folklore and Cultural Studies
Code Course title Credit
hours
Semester-I
FCS-511 Introduction to Folklore 3
FCS-512 Anthropological Approaches to Folklore and Culture 3
FCS-513 Folklore Theories and Methodologies 3
FCS-514 Oral Traditions 3
FCS-515 Performing Arts 3
FCS-516 Academic Writings 3
Semester-II
FCS-521 Folk Beliefs, Rituals and Customs 3
FCS-522 Material Culture 3
FCS-523 Communication, Language and Media 3
FCS-524 Cultural Theories and Popular Culture 3
FCS-525 Introduction to Archaeology 3
FCS-526 Research Methodology 3
Semester-III
FCS-531 South Asian Folklore 3
FCS-532 Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice 3
FCS-533 Folklore Fieldwork and Documentation 3
FCS-534 Folklore of Nepal-1 (East, Province 1, 2, 3) 3
FCS-535* Ethno-botany 3
FCS-536* Sociolinguistics and Nepalese Languages 3
FCS-537* Folklore Project (Applied) 3
Semester-IV
FCS-541 History of Nepal: Oral, Social and Political 3
FCS-542 Traditional Knowledge 3
FCS- 543 Natural and Cultural Heritage Conservation 3
FCS-544 Folklore of Nepal-2 (West, Province 4, 5, 6, 7) 3
FCS-545 Folklore and Cultural Tourism 3
FCS-546 Dissertation 6
* These are elective courses
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FOLKLORE AND CULTURAL STUDIES
MA COURSES
First Semester
FCS-511 Introduction to Folklore (3 credits, 48 lectures/contact hours)
1. Course description
This course provides an introduction to folklore. It gives a definition of folklore, the types of
folklore as well as the domains and genres of folklore relating it to the concept of cultural
heritage. It also gives a short history of folklore in general and with particular reference to
Nepal.
2. Course objectives
On completion of this course the students will be able to
- Understand the characteristics of folklore,
- Know the domains and different genres of folklore, folklore types, and brief history of
folklore studies.
3. Course contents
This course contains following units:
Unit 1. Definition, types and function of folklore (16 hours)
1.1 Meaning and definition of folklore
1.2 Folklore and intangible cultural heritage
1.3 Relation of folklore, folklife, folk groups, and traditions
1.4 Function of folklore
1.5 Folklore types: ethnic folklore, children's folklore, occupational folklore, etc.
Required reading:
Diwasa et al., 2007, Chapter 1
Bascom, 1965
Bronner (ed.) 2007, Part 1 Chapter 1
Shoemaker, 1990, Introduction
Dundes, 1980, Chapter 1
Oring, 1986, Chapter 1, 2, 4, 5
Sims and Stephens, 2011, Preface, Chapter 1, 2
Claus and Korom, 1991, Chapter 1, 2
Unit 2. Folklore concepts and history of folklore (16 hours)
2.1 Basic concepts
2.2 A brief history of folklore (Renaissance, Grim brothers, W. J. Thomas, folklore societies
in different countries, George J. Frazer, C. S. Burn, Anti Arne, Stith Thompson, V.
Propp, development of folklore studies in America, Europe, Japan and India)
2.3 History of folklore studies in Nepal (folk traditions of different groups, the time of
folklore collection, the tradition of public folklore and academic folklore in Nepal.)
Required reading:
Bandhu, 2058BS, Chapter 2
Bandhu, 2073BS, Chapter 24
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Shoemaker,1990, Chapter 1
Handoo, 1989, Chapter 2
Sims and Stephens, 2011, Chapter 1
Unit 3. Domain and genres of folklore (16 hours)
3.1 Domain or branches of folklore as oral, performative, customary and material folklore
3.2 Folklore genres and genre theory in folklore
3.3 Oral traditions (oral poetry, epics, ballads, folktales, riddles, proverbs etc.)
3.4 Folk performing arts (folk music, folk dances, folk plays, folk games)
3.5 Material culture (architecture, artifacts, household items, food, textile, ornaments)
3.6 Folk customs and beliefs (rituals, beliefs, religions, fairs and festivals)
Required reading:
Bandhu, 2073BS, Chapter 2
Finnegan, Chapter 7
Handoo, 1989, Chapter 1
Prown, 1982
Shoemaker, 1990, Chapter 6, 7, 12
Sims and Stephens, 2011, Chapter 1, 5
Reading list:
Bandhu, Chura Mani. 2058BS. Nepali lok sahitya. Kathmandu: Ekta books.
Bandhu, C. M. 2073BS. Aspects of Nepalese folklore. Kathmandu: Nepal Academy.
Bascom, William R. 1965. Forms of folklore: Prose narratives. Journal of American
Folklore, 78:307. 3-20.
Bauman, Richard (ed.). 1992. Folklore, cultural performances and popular entertainments: A
communications-centered handbook. New York: Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bronner, Simon J. (ed.). 2007. The meaning of folklore: The analytical essays of Alan
Dundes. Utah: Utah State University Press.
Claus, Peter J. and Frank J. Korom. 1991. Folkloristics and Indian folklore. Udupi: Regional
Resource Centre for Performing Arts, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College.
Dharwadkar, Vinaya (ed.). 1999. The collected essays of A. K. Ramanujan. Oxford: New
York: Oxford University Press.
Diwasa, Tulasi, Chura Mani Bandhu and Bhim Nepal. 2007. Intangible cultural heritage of
Nepal: Future directions. Kathmandu: UNESCO Office.
Dorson, Richard M. 1982. Folklore and folklife: An introduction. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Dundes, Alan. 1980. Interpreting folk lore. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Finnegan, Ruth. 1992. Oral traditions and the verbal arts: A guide to research practices.
New York: Routledge.
Handoo, Jawaharlal. 1989. Folklore: An introduction. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian
Languages.
Handoo, Jawaharlal. 2000. Theoretical essays in Indian folklore. Mysore: Zooni Publications.
Oring, Elliott. 1986. Folk groups and folklore genres: An introduction. Utah: Utah State
University Press.
Parajuli, Motilal and Jivendra Deo Giri. 2068BS. Nepali lok sahityako ruprekha. Kathmandu:
Sajha Prakashan.
Paudyal, Drona Kumar Upadhyaya. 2074BS. Lokavarta siddhanta ra Nepali sandarbha.
Kathmandu: Nepal Academy.
Prown, Jules David. 1982. Mind in matter: An introduction to material culture theory and
method. Winterthur Portfolio, vol. 17:1. 1-19.
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Sharma, Mohan Raj and Khagendra Prasad Luitel. 2063BS. Lokvarta vijnan ra Nepali lok
sahitya. Kathmandu: Vidyarthi Pustak Bhandar.
Shoemaker, George H. 1990. The emergence of folklore in everyday life: A field guide and
sourcebook. Bloomington: Trickster Press.
Sims, Martha C. and Martine Stephens. 2011. Living folklore: An introduction to the study of
people and their traditions, 2nd edn. Utah: Utah State University Press.
Sutton-Smith, Brian, Jay Mechling, Tomas W. Johnson and Felicia R. McMahon (eds.).
1999. Children's folklore: A source book. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press.
UNESCO. 2018. Basic Texts of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible
Cultural Heritage: 2018 Edition. Paris: UNESCO.
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FCS-512 Anthropological Approaches to Folklore and Culture
1. Course description
This course introduces anthropological approaches to culture and folklore. As the
contribution of the anthropologists was significant in the earlier stage of the history of
folklore, this course helps the students to understand some of the basic concepts of culture.
The students will also find the theories and methodologies of the major anthropologists to
interpret and analyze various forms of folklore.
2. Course objectives
On completion of this course students will be able to
- Understand the key concepts of culture,
- Use anthropological approaches to study folklore
- Interdisciplinary approaches to study culture and folklore.
3. Course contents
This course contains following units:
Unit 1. Anthropology and study of culture (16 credit hours)
1.1 Cultural anthropology as a branch of anthropology
1.2 Concepts of culture in cultural anthropology
1.3 Developments of anthropological ideas
1.4 Culture concepts (Taylor, Boas, Sapir, Malinowski, Geertz)
Required readings:
Brown et al. 2017 (relevant topics)
Miller, 2011, Chapter 1.
Unit 2. Anthropological approaches to culture-1 (16 credit hours)
2.1 Subsistence
2.2 Economy
2.3 Family and marriage
2.4 Race and ethnicity
2.5 Gender and sexuality
2.6 Religion
2.7 Health and medicine
Required reading:
Brown et al., 2017 (relevant topics)
Unit 3. Anthropological approaches to culture-2 (16 credit hours)
3.1 Globalization
3.2 Socio-political organization
3.3 Culture and environment
3.4 Performance
3.5 Media anthropology
3.6 Public anthropology
Required reading:
Brown et al., 2017 (relevant topics)
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Reading list:
Brown, Nina, Tubelle de Gonzalez and Thomas McIlwraith (eds.). 2017. Perspectives: An
open invitation to cultural anthropology. Arlington: American Anthropological
Association.
Khatri, Prem Kumar and Gokarna Prasad Gyawali. 2069. Approaches to Nepali society and
culture. Kathmandu: Bhundi Puran Prakashan.
Miller, Barbara. 2011. Cultural anthropology in a globalizing world, 6th edn. New Delhi:
Prentice Hall India.
Regmi, Rishikeshab Raj. 2007. Models of culture. Kathmandu: Academic Book Centre.
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FCS-513 Folklore Theories and Methodologies (3 credit hours)
1. Dourse description
This course is intended to give basic knowledge and tools to the students to collect, document
and interpret the folklore items. This course introduces the basic theories and methodologies
such as comparative-geographical method, psychoanalytical and structural theories as well as
the functional theories of context and performance.
2. Course objectives
On completion of the course students will be able to
- The role of theories and methodologies in folklore studies,
- Use the theories and methodologies to collect, classify, document and interpret folklore
items.
3. Course content
This course contains following units:
Unit 1. Earlier theories and comparative-geographic method
1.1 Some earlier theories of evolution and diffusion
1.2 Myth, Mythology and Philology
1.3 Comparative method
1.4 Tale types and motifs
Required reading:
Claus and Korom, 1991, Chapter 3, 4
Handoo, 1989, 2
Segal, 2004
Shakya and Griffith 2005, pp. 311-331
Unit 2. Psychoanalytical and structural interpretation (16 hours)
2.1 Sigmund Fraud (Id, Ego, Super Ego, Oedipus Complex, Electra Complex, Dream )
2.2 Carl Jung (Archetype)
2.3 Vladimir Propp (Functions and Characters)
2.4 Levi Strasse (Myths amd Mythemes)
2.5 Allan Dundes ( Structuralism and Folklore)
Required reading:
Bandhu, 2058 BS, Chapter 3
Bronner, 2007, Chapter 6
Claus and Korom, 1991, Chapter 5,6
Unit 3. Contextual theories and models (16 hours)
3.1 Form and Context
3.2. Oral-formulaic theory
3.3 Performance and Performance Theories
3.4 Dell Hymes and SPEAKING model
3.5 Bauman and performance event
3.6 Lauri Honko and tradition ecology
Required reading:
Bandhu, 2058 BS Chapter 3
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Bronner, 2007, Chapter 9
Claus and Korom, 1991, Chapter 7,8
Handoo, 1989, Chapter 2
Reading list:
Bandhu, Chura Mani.2058 BS. Nepali Lok Sahitya, Kathmandu: Ekta Books
Bronner, Simon J. (ed.). 2007. The meaning of folklore: The analytical essays of Alan
Dundes. Utah: Utah State University Press.
Claus, Peter J. and Frank J. Korom. 1991. Folkloristics and Indian folklore. Udupi: Regional
Resource Centre for Performing Arts, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College.
Dorson, Richard M. 1963. Current folklore theories. Current Anthropology, 4:1. 93-112.
Finnegan, Ruth. 1992. Oral traditions and the verbal arts: A guide to research practices.
New York: Routledge.
Handoo, Jawaharlal. 1989. Folklore: An introduction. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian
Languages.
Honko, Lauri. 1980. Methods in Folk Narrative Research. Ethnologiya Europaya, XI. 6-27.
Parajuli, Motilal. 2071BS. Nepali lokkatha: Siddhanta ra vishleshan. Kathmandu: Vivek
Sirjanshil Prakashan.
Segal, Robert A. 2004. Myth: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Shakya, Karna and Linda Griffith. 2005. Tales of Kathmandu: Folktales from the Himalayan
Kingdom of Nepal, 3rd edn. Kathmandu: Mandala Publications.
Shoemaker, George H. 1990. The emergence of folklore in everyday life: A field guide and
sourcebook. Bloomington: Trickster Press.
Sims, Martha C. and Martine Stephens. 2011. Living folklore: An introduction to the study of
people and their traditions, 2nd edn. Utah: Utah State University Press.
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FCS-514 Oral Traditions (3 credit hours)
1. Course description
This course is designed to provide general introduction to the study of oral traditions. It
consists of the analytical perspectives as well as the sample texts of the epics, ballads, folk
poetry, folk tales, riddles, jokes, proverbs and sayings.
2. Course objectives
Upon completion of this course students will be able to
- Identify and collect different genres of oral traditions
- Classify and document and different types of oral traditions, and
- Interpret, explain and translate different genres of oral traditions.
3. Course contents
This course contains following units:
Unit 1. Oral epics, ballads and poems and their performances (16 hours)
1.1 Nature and structure of epics, ballads and oral poems
1.2 Performances of the epics, ballads and oral poems
1.3 Reading of some epics and ballads (Ramayana, Kalevala, King Gesar, Alha-Udal,
Salhes, Loriki, Rajula Malushahi, Kashiramko Bharat, Sakram Karkiko Bharat, Danphe
ra Murali, Sarumai Rani)
1.4 Reading of some children's poems.
Required reading:
Bronner, 2007, Chapter 6
Giri, 2057BS, Chapter 5, 15, 22, 23
Grierson, 1882
Kandangwa and Dhungel, 2064BS
Kaushal, 2001, Chapter 4, 17, 18, 23
Oring 1986, Chapter 7
Paul, 1989, Chapter 10
Sinha, 1957 Appendix Ka
Vento, 1992
Unit 2. Folktales (16 hours)
2.1 Nature and structure of folktale
2.2 Folktales (myth, legend, fairy tales, animal tales, fables with examples)
2.3 Major folktales and their versions (Cinderella, Beauty and beasts, Little red riding hood,
Hansel and Gretel, and Snow white)
2.4 Characteristics of fairy tales with examples
2.5 Major Nepalese folk tales (Sisir-Basanta, Sunkesi Maiya, Sumnima and Paruhang,
Sinahapta Maiju, Gonu Jha and thief, Jamuna Gubhaju, Khir Pak Tauli)
Required reading:
Bronner, 2007, Chapter 4, 6
Claus and Korom, 1991, Chapter 4, 6
Devkota, 2063BS
Diwasa, 1993
Haase, 2008, Volume 1: 104-9, 201-9, Volume 2: 438-41, 583-8, Volume 3: 884-6
Oring, 1986, Chapter 6
Shakya and Griffith 2005, Introduction
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Shoemaker 1990, Chapter 4
Zips, 2006, Chapter 1
Unit 3. Riddles, jokes, proverbs and personal narratives (16 hours)
3.1. Nature, structure and types of riddles
3.2. Structure and types of jokes
3.3 Characteristics of proverbs and sayings
3.4 Nature of personal narratives (family history, local history)
3.5 Folk idioms, jargons and slangs, taboos, secret speech and codes.
Required reading:
Dundes, 1981
Oring, Chapter 8
Shoeamaker, 1990, Chapter 5, 8
Binadi, 2074 , pp. 66-76, 88-105
Reading list
Acharya, Govinda. 2062BS. Lokgitko vishleshan. Kathmandu: Pairavi Prakashan.
Bandhu, Chura Mani. 2058BS. Nepali lok sahitya. Kathmandu: Ekta Books.
Bhattarai, Dhruva. 2075BS. Lok kavitako vimarsha. Kathmandu: Oriental Publication House.
Binadi, Badri Sharma. 2074BS. Loka kavya Bharatako adhyayan. Kathmandu: Pushpa and
Prithu Binadi.
Bronner, Simon J. 2016. Folklore: The basics. London: Routledge.
Claus, Peter J. and Frank J. Korom. 1991. Folkloristics and Indian folklore. Udupi: Regional
Resource Centre for Performing Arts, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College.
Devkota, Ratnakar. 2066BS. Karnalika Lok katha. Kathmandu: Antarrastriya Manch.
Diwasa, Tulasi and Chura Mani Bandhu (eds.). 2064BS. Gandharva lokvarta tatha lokjeevan.
Kathmandu: Nepali Folklore Society.
Diwasa, Tulasi. 1993. Folktales from Nepal. New Delhi: Publication Division.
Diwasa, Tulasi. 2032BS. Nepali lok katha. Kathmadu: Royal Nepal Academy.
Dundes, Alan.1981. On the structure of the Proverbs. In Wolfgang Mieder and Alan Dundes
(eds.) The wisdom of many: Essays on proverb. New York: Garland Publishing Inc.
Giri, Jivendra Deo. 2057BS. Hamra lok gatha. Kathmandu: Ekta Books.
Giri, Jivendra Deo. 2067BS. Nepali lok sahityama janajivan. Kathmandu: Ekta Books.
Green, Thomas A. 2008. The Greenwood Library of World Folktales: Stories from the great
collections (4 Volumes). Westport: Greenwood Press.
Grierson, George A. 1882. An introduction to the Maithili language of North Bihar:
Containing a grammar, chrestomathy and vocabulary. Extra Number to Journal, Asiatic
Society, Bengal, Part I for 1882. Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society.
Haase, Donald (ed.). 2008. The Greenwood encyclopedia of folktales and fairy tales.
Westport: Greenwood Press.
Honko, Lauri, Jawaharlal Handoo and John Miles Foley (eds.). 1998. Epic: Oral and written.
Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.
Jason, Heda. 2000. Motif, type and genre. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica.
Kandangwa, Kajiman and Bipin Dev Dhungel. 2064BS. Nanika git, 3rd edn. Lalitpur: Sajha
Prakashan.
Kapadi, Ram Bharos Bhramar. 2074BS. Maithil loksanskriti: Vividh ayam. Kathmandu:
Nepal Academy.
Kaushal, Molly. 2001. Chanted narratives: The living 'kathavachan' tradition. New Delhi:
Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts.
Keshar Lal. 1985. Nepalese book of proverbs. Kathmandu: Shashi M. Shrestha.
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Koirala, Kul Prasad. 2073BS. Ukhan: Siddhanta ra vishleshan. Kathmandu: Sajha Prakashan.
Lamichhane, Kapildev. 2064BS. Nepali lok gathako adhyayan. Kathmandu: Vivek Sirjanshil
Prakashan.
Lamichhane, Kapildev. 2068BS. Nepali gaunkhane kathako adhyayan. Kathmandu: Vivek
Sirjanshil Prakashan.
Lienhard, Siegfried. 1992. Songs of Nepal: An anthology of Newar folksong and hymns.
Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Neupane, Kusumakar. 2065BS. Loka Ramayan. Pokhara: Self.
OBE, Valerie M. Inchley. 2010. Sitting in my house dreaming of Nepal: Nepal through the
eyes of its proverbs. Kathmandu: Ekta Books.
Oring, Elliot. 1986. Folk groups and folklore genres: An introduction. Utah: Utah State
University Press.
Parajuli, Krishna Prasad. 2018. Nepali ukhan ra gaukhane katha, 10th edn. Kathmandu: Ratna
Pustak Bhandar.
Parajuli, Motilal and Jivendra Deo Giri. 2068BS. Nepali lok sahityako ruprekha. Kathmandu:
Sajha Prakashan.
Parajuli, Motilal. 2071BS. Nepali lokkatha: Siddhanta ra vishleshan. Kathmandu: Vivek
Sirjanshil Prakashan.
Paudyal, Drona Kumar Upadhyaya. 2074BS. Lokavarta siddhanta ra Nepali sandarbha.
Kathmandu: Nepal Academy.
Paudyal, Shiva Prasad. 2006. Nepali ukhanko vishleshanatmak adhyayan. Kamandu: Nepal
Academy.
Paul, Robert A. 1989. The Sherpas of Nepal: In the Tibetan cultural context. New Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass.
Propp, V. 1968. Morphology of the folktale, 2nd edn. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Rakesh, Ram Dayal. 1996. Folktales from Mithila. New Delhi: Nirala Publications.
Ram, Mahendra Narayan and Phulo Paswan. 2007. Salhes gatha. New Delhi: Bharatiya
Akademi.
Shakya, Karna and Linda Griffith. 2005. Tales of kathmandu: Folktales from the Himalayan
Kingdom of Nepal 3rd edn. Kathmandu: Mandala Publications.
Shoemaker, George H. 1990. The emergence of folklore in everyday life: A field guide and
sourcebook. Bloomington: Trickster Press.
Sinha, Satyavrat. 1957. Bhojpuri lok gatha. Ilahabad: Hindustani Academy.
Subba, Dhanhang. 2017. Limbu Lokvarta. Lalitpur: Hangma Labung and Anu Gurung.
Thompson, Stith. 1946. The folktale. New York: Dryden Press.
Vansina, Jan. 1985. Oral tradition as history. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Vento,Urpo. 1992. The role of the Kalevala in Finnish Culture and Poitics. Nordic Journal of
African Studies, 1:92. 82-93.
Zipes, Jack D. 2006. Why fairy tales stick: The evolution and relevance of a genre. New
York: Routledge.
15
FCS-515 Performing Arts
1. Course description
This course is designed to introduce the students with major and minor types of performing
arts. The major type includes folk drama, folk dances and music, the minor types of
performing arts are magic, puppetry, sports, games and mimes etc. A brief introduction to the
theories and methodologies of performance and ethnomusicology will also be initiated.
2. Course objectives
On completion of this course students will be able to
- Understand the major and minor types of performing arts,
- Know and use the theory of folk performance, and
- Theory and practice of ethnomusicology
3. Course contents
This course contains following units:
Unit 1. Basics of performing arts
1.1 Basic concepts
1.2 Components of performance
1.3 Performance event
1.4 Performance theories
Required reading:
Claus and Korom, 1991, Chapter 8
Finnegan, 1992, Chapter 5
Shoemaker, 1990, Chapter 8
Bauman, 1977
Unit 2. Some folk performances
2.1 Performances: Balan, Ghatu, Sorathi, Kartik Nach, Barka Nach, Nava Durga Gana,
Bayaldari, Hori
2.2 Some folk dances of Nepal: Maruni, Deuda, Tappa, Dhan Nach, Sakewa
Required reading:
Acharya, 2063BS, Appendix 1.3
Bandhu, 2073BS
Diwasa, 2015
Meyer and Deuel ed., 1998
Pandit, 2015
Parajuli, 2063BS, Chapter 4, 5
Thapa, 2032BS
Magar, 2050BS
Unit 3: Folk music and ethnomusicology
3.1 Approaches to the study of music and its relation with society
3.2 Introduction to music and ethnomusicology
3.3 Some folk songs of Nepal (Dhamari, Sangini, Hakpare, Holi, Salaiju, Selo, Tij)
3.4 Some folk musical instruments of Nepal
Required reading:
Handoo, 2000, Chapter 6
Kadel, 2062BS
16
Shoemaker, 1990, Chapter 10
Shrestha, 2071BS
Panta, 2064BS
Reading list
Acharya, Govinda. 2062BS. Lokgitko vishleshan. Kathmandu: Pairavi Prakashan.
Acharya, Govinda. 2063BS. Rapti loksahitya. Kathmandu: Pairavi Prakashan.
Awasthi, Suresh. 2009. Performance tradition in India. New Delhi: National Book Trust.
Bandhu, C. M. 2073BS. Aspects of Nepalese folklore. Kathmandu: Nepal Academy.
Bauman, Richard. 1977. Verbal Art as Performance. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
Claus, Peter J. and Frank J. Korom. 1991. Folkloristics and Indian folklore. Udupi: Regional
Resource Centre for Performing Arts, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College.
Diwasa, Tulasi. 2035BS. Pradarshankari Dhimal lok samskriti. Kathmandu: Royal Nepal
Academy.
Diwasa, Tukasi. 2015. Nepali lok nach: Avadharana ra pravrittigat visheshata. In Diwasa,
Bandhu and Regmi (eds.). 248-53.
Diwasa, Tulasi, Chura Mani Bandhu and Bhim Narayan Regmi (eds.). 2015. Lok varta
vimarsha. Kathmandu: Nepali Folklore Society.
Finnegan, Ruth. 1992. Oral traditions and the verbal arts: A guide to research practices.
New York: Routledge.
G. C., Jhapendra. 2072BS. Tij parvako sanskritik adhyayan. Kathmandu: Nepal Academy.
Giri, Jivendra Deo. 2067. Nepali lok sahityama janajeevan. Kathamandu: Ekta Books.
Handoo, Jawaharlal. 2000. Theoretical essays on Indian folklore. Mysore: Zooni
Publications.
Kadel, Ram Prasad. 2062BS. Hamra bajaharu. Kathmandu: Curriculum Development
Centre.
Lienhard, Siegfried. 1992. Songs of Nepal: An anthology of Newar folksong and hymns.
Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Magar, Keshar Jung Baral. 2050. Palpa, Tanahu ra Syangjaka Magarharuko sanskriti.
Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy.
Meyer, Kurt and Pamela Deuel (eds.). 1998. Mahabharata: The Tharu Barka Nach.
Kathmandu: Himal Books.
Neupane, Kusumakar. 2070BS. Nepali Lokagit. Pokhara: Fishtail Publications.
Pandit, Shashi Thapa. 2015. Patanko prasiddha paramparagat aitihasik Kartik Nach. In
Diwasa, Bandhu and Regmi (eds.). 223-231.
Panta, Jaya Raj. 2064BS. Deuda: Doteli Deuda gitko sankalan ra adhyayan. Kathmandu:
Vangmaya Prakashan tatha Anusandhan Kendra.
Panta, Jaya Raj. 2064BS. Doteli Dhamari Git: Ek adhyayan. Kathmandu: Vangmaya
Prakashan tatha Anusandhan Kendra.
Pande, Govinda Prasad. 2060BS. Deuda: Bigatdekhi vartamansamma. Jumla: Self.
Parajuli, Krishna Prasad. 2057BS. Loka gitako Alok. Kathmandu: Beena Prakashan.
Parajuli, Motilal. 2063BS. Nepalma prachalit nritya ra nritya natika. Kathmandu: Sajha
Prakashan.
Schechner, Richard. 1988. Essays on performance theory. New York: Routledge.
Shoemaker, George H. 1990. The emergence of folklore in everyday life: A field guide and
sourcebook. Bloomington: Trickster Press.
Shrestha, Purushottamlochan. 2060BS. Bhaktapurko Navadurga Gana. Bhaktapur: Babita
Shrestha.
Shrestha, Tulasi Man. 2071BS. Nepali lokgit: Parichaya ra vishleshan. Kathmandu:
Nawakala Publication.
17
Sims, Martha C. and Martine Stephens. 2011. Living folklore: An introduction to the study of
people and their traditions, 2nd edn. Utah: Utah State University Press.
Subedi, Abhi. 2006. Nepali theatre as I see it. Kathmandu: Gurukul.
Thapa, Dharma Raj. 2032BS. Gandakika suseli. Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy.
18
FCS-516 Academic Writing (3 credits, 32 lectures/practice/contact hours)
1. Course description
This course contains different units in academic writings such as the writing process and
writing models, which involve writing foundations, reading and note taking and
summarizing. This course focuses on paragraph and essay writing which eventually leads to
report writing. It also contains guidelines for letter, CVs and proposal writing which the
students have to do during their academic activities.
2. Course objectives
Upon completion of this course students will be able to
- Write CVs, book reviews, study reports, essays, term papers and dissertations
- Use accurate words and phrases and
- Write good paragraphs as well as dissertations
3. Course contents
This course consists of the following three units:
Unit 1. The writing process (16 hours)
1.1 Writing foundations
1.2 Reading and note making
1.3 Writing stages
Required reading:
Bailey, 2006, Part 1
Bandhu, 2018, Chapters 3, 4
Unit 2. Accuracy in writing (16 hours)
2.1 Choosing accurate words
2.2 Writing correct sentences
2.3 Developing good paragraphs (submit at least 10 handwritten paragraphs)
Required reading:
Bailey, 2006, Part 2, 3
Bandhu, 2018, Chapter 10
Sullivan and Eggleston, 2006, Chapter 2, 3, 4
Unit 3. Proposal and report writing (16 hours)
3.1 Contents of a research proposals
3.2 Contents of a research report and dissertation
3.3 Use of APA, MLA and AAA formats
3.4 Use of computer in academic writing
Required reading:
Bandhu, 2018, Chapters 2, 7-11
Kumar, 2011, Chapter 13
Sullivan and Eggleston, 2006, Chapter 6
Evaluation scheme
Internal:
Attendance and active participation 10%,
Reading and writing assignments 40% (Reading and reporting (10), Summary and review
writing (10), CV, letter and essay writing (10), Proposal writing (10))
19
External:
Written exam 50%
Reading list:
Bailey, Stephen. 2006. Academic writing: A handbook for international students, 2nd edn.
London: Routledge.
Bandhu, C. M. 2018. Anusandhan tatha prativedan lekhan. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak
Bhandar.
Bhandari, Parasmani. 2074. Prajnik lekhan tatha sampadan. Kathmandu: Vidyarthi Pustak
Bhandar.
Kumar, Ranjit. 2011. Research methodology: A step by step guide for beginners, 3rd edn.
London: Sage.
Sullivan, K. D. and Merilee Eggleston. 2006. The McGraw-Hill desk reference for editors,
writers, and proof readers. New York: McGraw-Hill.
20
Semester II
FCS-521 Folk beliefs, Rituals and Customs (3 credit hours)
1. Course description
This course introduces customary folklore with folk beliefs, rituals and customs. The course
focuses on the rituals and festivals of Nepal, and relations of the folk festivals with other
genres of folklore.
2. Course objectives
On completion of this course students will be able to
- Understand the importance of the belief systems,
- Know the processes of the festivals and relationship of festivals with other forms of
folklore,
- Analyze and interpret the belief systems, rituals and customs.
3. Course contents
This course contents the following units:
Unit 1. Folk beliefs and religions (16 hours)
1.1 Definitions, belief systems and superstitions
1.2 Animism and nature worship, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism and Islam
1.3 Different religious groups of Nepal,
1.4 Folk customs and practices
Required reading:
Shoemaker, 1990, Chapter 6, 7
Majupuria and Majupuria, 2017
Sharma, 2075BS, Chapter 4
Paudyal, 2074BS, Chapter 3
Unit 2. Rituals (16 hours)
2.1 Life cycle rituals (birth, marriage and death etc.)
2.2 Shamanism and shamanistic practices in Nepal.
2.3 Readings on some rituals, processes and practices in Nepal
Required reading:
Nicoletti, 2006
Paudyal, 2074BS, Chapter 4
Sharma, 2075BS (relevant topics)
Sims and Stephens, 2011, Chapter 4
Khatry (ed.), 2070-2075BS
Unit 3. Folk festivals (16 hours)
3.1 Nature and characteristics of folk festivals
3.2 Festivals and rituals
3.3 Readings on some folk festivals of Nepal
Required reading:
Anderson, 2005 (relevant topics)
Paudyal, 2075BS, Chapter 6
Paudyal et al., 2074BS
21
Reading list
Anderson, Marry M. 2005. The festivals of Nepal. New Delhi: Rupa Publications India Pvt.
Ltd.
G. C., Jhapendra. 2072BS. Tij parvako sanskritik adhyayan. Kathmandu: Nepal Academy.
Joshi, Satya Mohan. 2003. Legends of Lalitpur and releted tales. Lalitpur: Lok Sahitya
Parishad
Khatry, Prem Kumar (ed.). 2070-2075BS. Nepalka Jatiya Samskar (5 volumes). Kathmandu:
Nepal Academy.
Majupuria, Trilok Chandra and Rohit Kumar Majupuria. 2017. Religions in Nepal.
Kathmandu: Rajni Books.
Mukarung, Rajan. 2061BS. Kirat Samskar. Kathmadu: Samanwaya Prakashan.
Nicoletti, Martino. 2006. Shamanic solitudes: Ecstasy, madness and spirit possession in the
Nepal Himalayas, 2nd edn. Kathmandu: Vajra Publications.
Panta, Jaya Raj. 2064BS. Masta parampara ra tyaska githaru. Kathmadu: Vangamaya
Prakashan Tatha Anusandhan Kendra.
Paudyal, Bina, Dilli Raj Sharma and Gopal Pokharel Vivash. 2074BS. Chadparvako ghar
Nepal. Kathmandu: Nepal Academy.
Paudyal, Drona Kumar Upadhyaya. 2074BS. Lokavarta siddhanta ra Nepali sandarbha.
Kathmandu: Nepal Academy.
Paul, Robert A. 1989. The Sherpas of Nepal: In the Tibetan cultural context. New Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass.
Pemberton, Kelly and Michael Nijhawan. 2009. Shared idioms, sacred symbols, and the
articulation of identities in South Asia. London: Routledge.
Peters, Larry. 2007. Tamang Shamans: An ethnopsychiatric study of ecstasy and healing in
Nepal. New Delhi: Nirala Publications.
Rakesh, Ram Dayal. 1998. Folk festivals of Mithila. New Delhi: Book Faith.
Sharma, Janak Lal. 2075BS. Hamro samaj ek adhyayan. Kathmandu: Manjari Publication.
Sherpa, Lhakpa Norbu. 2008. Through a Sherpa window: Illustrated guide to traditional
Sherpa culture. Kathmandu: Vajra Publications.
Subba, Dhanhang. 2017. Limbu Lokvarta. Lalitpur: Hangma Labung and Anu Gurung.
Turner, Victor. 1977. Ritual processes: Structures and anti-structures. Cornell: Cornell
Paperbacks.
22
FCS-522 Material Culture (3 credits, 48 lecture/contact hours)
1. Course description
This course introduces the material folklore and material culture in everyday folk life. It
focuses on vernacular architecture, handicrafts and folk objects, dresses and ornaments, food
ways, folk art and system of decoration. It also focuses on recent development in studying
material folklore.
2. Course objectives
Upon completion of this course students will be able to
- Understand the role of material folklore in folklore,
- Know the relation of material culture to other forms of folklore, and
- Analyze and interpret the objects of material folklore.
3. Course contents
This course contains following units:
Unit 1. Introduction to material culture (16 hours)
1.1 Definitions, perspectives and approaches
1.2 Origins and premises of material culture
1.3 Theoretical approaches
Required reading:
Oring, 1986, Chapter 9
Prown, 1982
Shoemaker, 1990, Chapter 12-13
Woodward, 2007, Chapter 1-5
Unit 2. Traditional art and crafts (16 hours)
2.1 Traditional architecture and building materials
2.2 Metalworks, stone works, and clay works (mechanical devices and art)
2.3 Wood works, bamboo works, straw works and mask making
2.4 Paper and ink products, Drawings and Paintings (Thanka, Paudha, Mithila, etc.)
2.5 Textile
Required reading:
Chaudhari, 2075, Chapter 3
Gajurel, 1998, Chapter 2-4, 7
Gajurel and Vaidya, 1984, Chapter 1- 6, 10-13
Amatya, 1991, Chapter 4-7, 20
Tripathi, 2018, Chapter 2
Ojha, 2070
Unit 3. Traditional food, dress and ornaments (16 hours)
3.1 Food products (Rice products, milk products, fermentation, sweet)
3.2 Kitchen and utensils
3.3 Cooking and consuming foods
3.4 Dresses and ornaments for men and women
Required reading:
Bista, Dor Bahadur, 2015 (relevant portions)
Gajurel and Vaidya, 1984, Chapter 7- 9, 14
Majapuriya and Majapuria, 2014, (relevant portions)
23
Reading list
Amatya, Saphalya. 1991. Art and culture of Nepal: An attempts toward preservation. New
Delhi: Nirala Publications.
Bhattarai, Prakash. 2007. Nepali sabhyatako parichaya. Namchi: Nirman Prakashan.
Bista, Dor Bahadur. 2015. People of Nepal. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar
Chaudhari, Bishnu Prasad. 2018. Tharu lokkala. Kathmandu: Nepal Academy of Fine Arts.
Chitrakar, Sharada. 2018. Punja: Traditional Newar folk art. Kathmandu: Nepal Academy of
Fine Arts.
Danesi, Marcel. 2004. Messages, signs, and meanings: A basic textbook in semiotics and
communication theory, 3rd edn. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc.
Dhimal, Som Bahadur. 2018. A study on the Dhimal food culture and festivals in the eastern
Nepal. Lalitpur: National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities.
Friedman, Matthew S. 2000. Nepalese casted vessels: Decanters and bowls. Kathmandu:
Pilgrims Publishing.
Gajurel, C. L. and K. K. Vaidya. 1984. Traditional arts and crafts of Nepal. New Delhi: S.
Chand and Company Ltd.
Gajurel, Chhabi Lal. 1998. Traditional arts and crafts of Japan and Nepal. Kathmandu:
Pilgrims Book House.
Majupuria, Indra and Rati Majupuria. 2014. Joys of Nepalese cooking. Kathmandu: Rati
Majupuria.
Ojha, Tara Prsad. 2070BS. Jainti Jiunti lok kala arthat dwara matika bhitte chitra kala. In
Jatiya pahichanko lok kala. Kathmandu: Nepal Academy of Fine Arts.
Oring, Elliott. 1986. Folk groups and folklore genres: An introduction. Utah: Utah State
University Press.
Paudyal, Drona Kumar Upadhyaya. 2074BS. Lokavarta siddhanta ra Nepali sandarbha.
Kathmandu: Nepal Academy.
Prown, Jules David. 1982. Mind in matter: An introduction to material culture theory and
method. Winterthur portfolio, 17:1. 1-19.
Sharma, Chandra Prakash. 1997. Visit Nepal. Kathmandu: Madhuri Sharma.
Sherpa, Lhakpa Norbu. 2008. Through a Sherpa window: Illustrated guide to traditional
Sherpa culture. Kathmandu: Vajra Publications.
Shoemaker, George H. 1990. The emergence of folklore in everyday life: A field guide and
sourcebook. Bloomington: Trickster Press.
Tripathi, Vikram Mani. 2018. Awadhi folk art (with English version translated by Yam
Prasad Sharma). Kathmandu: Nepal Academy of Fine Arts.
Woodward, Ian. 2007. Understanding material culture. London: Sage Publications.
24
FCS-523 Communication, Language and Media
1. Course description
This course focuses on the relation of culture with communication, language and media. It
also helps the students to relate language as a system of communication used in mass media.
2. Course objectives
On completion of the course the students will be able to
- Understand the characteristics of communication as a part of human culture,
- Analyze the nature of human language, and
- Know the use of language in media to express human culture.
3. Course contents
This course contains following units:
Units 1. Communication (16 hours)
1.1 Introduction to communication
1.2 Sign (sign, code, body signs and visual signs)
1.3 Properties of language
1.4 Gestures and sign language
1.5 Language and culture
1.6 Intercultural communication
Required reading:
Danesi, 2004, Chapter 1-4, 15
Samovar and Porter, 2003, pages 6-17
Yule, 2010, Chapter 2, 20
Unit 2. Introduction to language and linguistics (16 hours)
2.1 The sounds of language
2.2 Grammar of language
2.3 Meaning and use of language
2.4 Discourse
2.5 Language change
2.6 Language variation (regional and social)
Required reading:
Yule, 2010, Chapter 5, 7, 9-11, 17-19
Unit 3. Media (16 hours)
3.1 The mediated world
3.2 Print media
3.3 Audio media
3.4 Film
3.5 Television
3.6 The computer and the internet
3.7 Advertising
3.8 Social impacts of the media
Required reading:
Danesi, 2002, Chapter 1, 3-9
25
Reading list
Bandhu, Chura Mani. 2072BS. Bhasha vijnan. Lalitpur: Sajha Prakashan.
Campbell, Richard, Christopher R. Martin and Bettina Febos. 2012. Media & culture: An
introduction to mass communication, 8th edn. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.
Danesi, Marcel. 2002. Understanding media semiotics. London: Oxford University Press.
Danesi, Marcel. 2004. Messages, signs, and meanings: A basic textbook in semiotics and
communication theory, 3rd edn. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc.
Fasold, Ralph and Jeff Connor-Linton (eds.). 2006. An introduction to language and
linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lyons, John. 1981. Language and linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McLuhan, Marshall. 1994. Understanding media. Massachusets: MIT Press.
Miller, Barbara. 2011. Cultural anthropology in a globalizing world, 6th edn. New Delhi:
Prentice Hall India.
Nepali Sign Language Dictionary. 2074BS. Kathmandu: National Deaf Federation Nepal.
Ong, Walter J. 2002. Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word. New york:
Routledge.
Pande, Trilochan. 1987. Folklore and mass media: An introduction. In Claus, Peter J,
Jawaharlal Handoo and D. P. Pattanayak (eds.) Indian Folklore II. Mysore: CIIL. 222-243.
Samovar, Larry A. and Richard E. Porter. 2003. Intercultural communication: A reader. CA:
Thomson Wadsworth.
Stevenson, Nick. 2002. Understanding media cultures: Social theory and mass
communication. London: Sage Publications.
Yadava, Yogendra Prasad and Bhim Narayan Regmi. 2059BS. Bhashavijnan, 2nd edn.
Kathmandu: New Hira Books.
Yule, George. 2010. The study of language, 4th edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26
FCS-524 Cultural Theory and Popular Culture (3 credits, 48 hours)
1. Course description
This course introduces popular culture and its relation with folklore. It focuses on recent
development in the studies of popular culture applying the cultural theories. It emphasizes on
the study of popular culture with different approaches such as Marxism, psychoanalysis,
structuralism, post-structuralism, modernism and post-modernism as well as the theories of
gender, ethnicity and race.
2. Course objectives
On completion of this course students will be able to
- Understand relationship of folklore and popular culture,
- Knows the role of popular culture in present urban and rural life,
- Strengthen the theoretical foundation for the analysis of folklore and popular culture,
3. Course contents
This course contains following units
Unit 1. Popular culture as folk culture, mass culture and "other" (16 hours)
1.1 Concept of culture in philosophy and literary tradition
1.2 Concept of popular culture
1.3 Culture and civilization
1.4 Popular culture as folk culture
1.5 Popular culture as mass culture
1.6 Popular culture as the other of high culture
1.7 Popular culture as an arena of hegemony
Required reading:
Jenks, 2005, Chapter 1
Storey, 2012, Chapter 1-2
Storey, 2003, Chapter 1-4
Unit 2. Culture and cultural theories (16 hours)
2.1 Culturalism (Raymond Williams, Richard Hoggart, E. P. Thompson, Stuart Hall and
Paddy Whannel)
2.2 Culture and Marxism (Classical Marxism, Frankfurt School, Althusserianism, and
Gramci)
2.3 Culture and psychoanalysis (Fraud and Lacan)
2.4 Structuralism and post-structuralism (Saussure, Levi Strauss, Roland Barthes, Jacques
Derrida and Michel Foucault)
2.5 Gender and sexuality (feminism, queer theory)
2.6 Race and representation (race and racism, ideology of racism, orientalism and anti-
racism and cultural studies)
Required reading:
Storey, 2012, Chapters, 3-8
Storey, 2003, Chapter 4
Unit 3. Post modernism (16 hours)
3.1 Popular culture as post-modern culture
3.2 Post modernism and cultural identities
3.3 Popular culture as popular mass art
3.4 Popular culture as global culture
27
Required reading:
Storey, 2003, Chapter 5-8
Reading list:
Chapagain, Ninu. 2073BS. Purvavad ra saideli vichar. Kathmandu: Sajha Prakashan.
Jenks, Chris. 2005. Culture, 2nd edn. New york: Routledge.
Pandey, Gyanu (ed.). 2074BS. Samakalin paschatya samalochana siddhantaka pranetaharu.
Kathmandu: Nepal Academy.
Pandey, Tarakanta. 2073BS. Marksvad, sanskritik adhyayan ra sahityako samajshastra.
Lalitpur: Sajha Prakashan.
Storey, John. 2003. Inventing popular culture: From folklore to globalization. Oxford:
Blackwell Publishing.
Storey, John. 2012. Cultural theory and popular culture: An introduction, 5th edn. Harlow:
Pearson Longman.
Subedi, Rajendra. 2073BS. Sanskritik adhyayan ra Nepali sahitya. Kathmandu:
Pathyasamagri Prakashan.
Uprety, Sanjeev. 2068BS. Siddhantaka kura. Kathmanu: Akshar Creations.
28
FCS-525 Introduction to Archaeology (3 credits, 48 hours)
1. Course description
This course contains the basic introduction to the discipline of anthropology as a study of
prehistoric human culture. Designed for the student of folklore, it contains a brief study of the
origin of human culture, the basics of archaeological survey, excavation and interpretation as
well as the archaeology of Nepal.
2. Course objectives
Upon completion of this course the students will be able to
- Know the pre-history of human culture,
- Understand the theories and methods of archaeology,
- Use archaeological methods of surveys, excavations and interpretations, and
- Be familiar with the archaeology of Nepal.
3. Course contents
This course contains following units:
Unit 1. Introduction to archaeology and pre-history (16 hours)
1.1 Definition, types and scope of archaeology
1.2 Prehistory
1.3 Prehistory of Nepal
Required reading:
Miller , 2012 Chapter 2
Dahal and Khatiwada, 2065BS, Chapter 2, 3
Pandey, 2008, Chapter 2
Unit 2. Archaeological survey, excavation and interpretation (16 hours)
2.1 Archaeological survey
2.2 Excavation
2.3 Dating
2.4 Interpretation
2.5 Themes of study in archaeology (people, settlement, material culture, ritual)
Required reading:
Grant et al. 2008, Chapter 1- 3, 5-9
Unit 3. Archaeology of Nepal (16 hours)\
3.1 History of Archaeological Study in Nepal
3.2 Archaeology of Kathmandu valley
3.3 Archaeological excavation of Lumbini
3.4 Archaeology of Karnali (Surkhet, Dullu, Dailekh and Jumla)
Required reading:
Amatya, 2011
Giri, 2003, Chapter 3-4
Pandey, 1997, Chapter 3-6
Reading list:
Amatya, Saphalya. 2011. Archaeological and cultural heritages of Kathmandu Valley.
Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar.
29
Dahal, Peshal and Som Prasad Khatiwada. 2065BS. Puratattvako parichaya. Kathmandu: M.
K. Publishers and Distributors.
Darwin, Charles. 1859. On the origin of species. London.
Fuhrer, A. A. 1972. Antiquities of the Buddha's birthplace in Nepal Terai. Delhi: Indologica
Book House.
Gamble, Clive. 2001. Archaeology: The basics. London: Routledge.
Giri, Gitu. 2003. Art and architecture: Remains in the Western Terai region of Nepal. New
Delhi: Adroit Publishers.
Grant, Jim, Sam Gorin and Neil Flemming. 2008. The archaeology coursebook: An
introduction to themes, sites, methods, 3rd edn. London and New York: Routledge.
Miller, Barbara. 2011. Cultural anthropology in a globalizing world, 6th edn. New Delhi:
Prentice Hall India.
Pandey, Ram Niwas. 1997. Making of Modern Nepal: A study of history, art, and culture of
the principalities of western Nepal. New Delhi: Nirala Publishers.
Pandey, Ram Niwas. 2008. Nepal: Through the ages. New Delhi: Adroit Publishers.
30
FCS-526 Research Methodology (3 credits, 48 lectures/practice/contact hours)
1. Course description
This course is designed to provide the basic foundation, research strategies and analytical
tools for social science research. It focuses mainly on basic concepts of research, theory and
methods and types of research designs.
2. Course objectives
Upon completion of this course students will be able to
- Know the foundations of social science research,
- Understand the analytical tools for qualitative and quantitative research, and
- Use research methodology in folklore research.
3. Course contents
This course contains following units:
Unit 1. Research and research process
1.1 Knowing research and research process (16 hours)
1.2 Phases of a research work (formulating a research problem, conceptualizing a research
design, constructing an instrument for data collection, selecting a sample, collecting data,
processing and displaying data and writing a research report).
1.3 Formulating a research problem (problem, objectives, operational definition, etc.)
1.4 Variables and measurement scales.
1.5 Hypothesis (characteristics, types and functions).
Required reading:
Kumar, Chapter 1-6
Unit 2. Research design, data collection, sampling and research proposal (16 hours)
2.1 Research design (structure and function, quantitative and qualitative study designs,
mixed and cross section designs, case studies, oral history, focus group interview,
participant observation, holistic research, community discussion forums, and reflective
journal log, action research, feminist research, collaborative research enquiry, etc.)
2.2 Data collection (observation, interviews, questionnaire, secondary sources, use of
attitudinal scales, validity and reliability of research instruments
2.3 Sampling (types of sampling, sampling in qualitative research)
2.4 Writing a research proposal.
Required reading:
Kumar, Chapter 7, 8
Unit 3. Data collection, processing, displaying and writing research report (16 hours)
3.1 Ethical issues in data collection
3.2 Data processing (editing, coding)
3.3 Displaying data (text, tables, graphs, photographs, etc.)
3.4 Writing a research report
Required reading:
Kumar Chapter 9-16.
Reading list:
Baker, Therese L. 1994. Doing social research. New York: McGraw-Hill.
31
Bandhu, Chura Mani. 2018. Anusandhan tatha prativedan lekhan, Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak
Bhandar.
Kumar, Ranjit. 2011. Research methodology: A step by step guide for beginners, 3rd edn.
London: Sage