MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS

I. Identify. Directions: Read each of the statements below and identify each as observation or inference. Write O for observation and I for inference.

Example: The new sneakers are blue with yellow laces and they smell like rubber. _O_ The baby is crying now. She hasn’t eaten in two hours, so I think she is hungry. __I__ 1. On the first day the volume of liquid was about 200 milliliters. __________ 2. The liquid has a sweet odor. __________ 3. On the third day the volume of the liquid was 100 ml. 100 ml of

the liquid must have evaporated during the first three days. __________

4. Sean is not in school today. He must be sick. __________ 5. When I rang the doorbell, no one answered. __________ 6. The hamburger was hot. ___________ 7. The bark on the birch tree was white. ___________ 8. A gas was formed when I mixed the liquid and solid.

__________ 9. Mr. Newton is wearing a coat. It must be cold outside. __________ 10.John usually runs the mile in under 5 minutes. At tomorrow’s track meet, he will most

likely run the mile in under 5 minutes. __________

Observations and Inferences

Name_____________________________________

Date:_____________________________________

Steps of the Scientific Method Directions: Fill in the table. List and describe the steps of the scientific method in order. Use the work bank below and your review packet to help you.

Research your problem Ask a question Develop your hypothesis

Organize you data State your conclusion Write your procedure Test your hypothesis

STEP DESCRIPTION

1.

Ask a question

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

 

Hypothesis Write STRONG next to the statement if it is a strong hypothesis and

WEAK next to the statement if it is a weak hypothesis.

__________ Mountain Dew will make a plant grow higher than water, milk, or Powerade.

__________ Plants given water will grow.

__________ If people drink soda, then their teeth will decay more quickly than if they drink

water because soda contains sugar and acid.

__________ I think that cows that are given vitamins will produce more milk than cows that

are not given vitamins because they will receive more nutrients.

_________ I think cows given vitamins will produce milk.

__________ If students eat breakfast in the morning, then they will do better in school than

students who do not eat breakfast because they will have more energy.

MAKE THE WEAK HYPOTHESES THAT YOU FOUND ABOVE STRONG HYPOTHESES. USE THE SPACE PROVIDED BELOW.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

Good Scientific Method Questions Which of the following is a testable scientific question?

A. Are dirty pennies better than clean pennies?

B. What is the most effective liquid to clean pennies?

C. Are pennies useful at the arcade?

D. Can I trade you pennies?

2. Which of the following is NOT a testable scientific question?

A. Why do we have dreams?

B. Which battery lasts longer- Duracell or Energizer?

C. Which heals cuts faster- with or without bandaids?

D. Which breakfast keeps you full longer- cereal or yogurt?

Which of the following are good scientific method questions?

Put a YES next to questions that are good scientific method questions and a NO next to those that are not.

___________ What do birds eat?

___________ Will plants grow taller when grow white light or green light

___________ Do athletes run faster with or without vitamins

___________ How fast can humans run?

Independent and dependent variable Sandy Cheeks loved long fingernails! She decided to see if drinking an extra glass of milk everyday would make her fingernails grow faster.

Fill in the “helper” sentence: • The scientist changes _____________________ to see the difference in

_____________. The independent variable is ____________________.

• How do you know?___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

The dependent variable is ______________________.

• How do you know?___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Dr. Bernal thinks that the more gum a person chews, the faster they can tie their shoes. He decides to test his hypothesis.

Fill in the “helper” sentence:

1) The scientist changes _____________________ to see the difference in _____________.

2) The independent variable is ____________________. How do you know?___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

3) The dependent variable is ______________________. How do you know?___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

STATES of MATTER Fill in the blank

1. The three common states of matter are _______________, _____________ , and _________________.

2. A __________________ in the speed of the molecules allows the attractions between molecules to bring them a little closer together.

3. The molecules of the liquid inside the thermometer increase in speed when the thermometer is _____________________.

4. Cooling a solid _______________ the motion of the atoms.

True or False

5. The particles of a liquid are attracted to one another, but can’t move past each other. True or False

6. An increase in temperature increases molecular motion and increases the distance between atoms and molecules in solids, liquids, and gases. True or False

7. The atoms of a solid are very far apart and vibrate in fixed positions. True or False

8. Heating a gas completely stops all of its molecular motion. True or False

9. The molecules of a gas are not very attracted to each other. True or False

   

Even though water in a clear glass appears still, a drop of food coloring placed at the surface will slowly move throughout the water. Eventually, without stirring or shaking, the water will become evenly colored. What can you infer about water molecules based on these observations?

___________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Draw circles and motion lines in each box to show differences in the movement and arrangement of water molecules in cold, room temperature, and hot water.

   

Draw circles and motion lines in each box to show differences in the movement and arrangement of water molecules in cold, room temperature, and hot water.

Thermometers have a very thin tube inside of them that stretches up from a round bulb, which holds most of the liquid.

a. Why does the red liquid move up the tube when a thermometer is heated?

When heated, the molecules in the liquid inside the thermometer get a little further apart. Because the liquid takes up more space, the red line moves up in the tube.

b. Why does the red liquid move down the tube when a thermometer is cooled? When cooled, the molecules in the liquid inside the thermometer get a little closer together. Because the liquid takes up less space, the red line moves down in the tube.

If two thermometers have different liquids in them, the liquids can move to different heights in the thermometers even if they are measuring the same temperature. Why does that happen? Different liquids are made up of different molecules with different attractions for one another. If they are heated, the molecules will increase their speed but the amount that they separate from each other and move up the tube will be different.

Short Answer

Water beads up on the surface of a freshly waxed car. If you use your finger to drag one drop very close to another and let them touch, the two drops quickly join together to become one bigger drop. What can you infer about water molecules based on this observation?

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. A solid will take the shape of any container you put it in

Circle one: ( true / false ) If false:

_________________________________________________________________

2. A gas will expand to fill all the space available

Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________

3. The particles within a solid move fast past each other

Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________

4. Changing the state of matter is a physical property

Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________

5. A liquid has a fixed volume and a fixed shape

Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________

6. Juice, sweat, and tears are all examples of gases

Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________

7. A solid has no fixed volume or shape

Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________

Directions: Circle true or false, if the statement is false then correct the statement in the space that is provided

Directions:    Match  the  correct  term  with  its  definition  

________Melting   A.          liquid  to  a  solid  

________Freezing   B.          solid  to  gas  

________Condensation   C.          liquid  to  a  gas  

________Sublimation   D.        gas  to  liquid  

________Vaporization  

 

DIRECTIONS:  Write  the  word  that  best  describes  each  process  ilustrated  below  

E.        solid  to  a  liquid  

 

Say whether the events below are examples of melting, freezing,

evaporation, or condensation:

1) The ice cubes in my drink have

disappeared.__________________________________

2) The puddles have all dried up. __________________________________

3) The mirror in the bathroom has misted up.

__________________________________

4) The cold night has left ice on the roads. __________________________________

5) My ice cream has dripped down my shirt. __________________________________

6) There is steam coming off that hot tap water.

__________________________________

Say whether you need to add heat, or remove heat to make these things happen:

1) Freeze water to make ice. __________________________________ 2) Melt an ice cream. __________________________________ 3) Boil some water. __________________________________ 4) Change a gas into a liquid. __________________________________ 5) Change a liquid into a solid. __________________________________ 6) Dry off some clothes. __________________________________

DIRECTIONS: Use the Graph to answer the questions on the next page

HEATING CURVE

1. What two variables are plotted on the graph? Label the solid, liquid and gas phase on the graph.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is happening to the temperature of the water during segment C of the graph?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. What does the temperature value for segment B represent? For segment D?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. What change of state is occurring during segment B of the graph? During segment D?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. In which segment, A or E, do the water molecules have more thermal energy? Explain your reasoning.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

The States of Matter Questions

Use words from the word bank to fill in the blanks

1. Solid, liquid, and gas are the three most common states of _______________.

2. The process of turning a liquid into a gas is called _________________.

3. By adding or removing ____________, we can change the state of matter.

4. We can determine the state of matter by observing how closely its _____________ are connected.

5. ___________ is another name for gas.

6. In a ___________ state, the molecules are loosely connected, and the matter takes on the shape of the container.

SOLID                                    LIQUID                                                                                GAS                                                        EVAPORATION                              ENERGY  

PRESSURE                    MOLECULES                                  PHYSICAL  CHANGE                        MATTER                                                VAPOR  

7. In  a  ____________state,  molecules  are  stuck  together,  and  the  matter  cannot  easily  change  shape.    

8. The  molecules  of  matter  in  a  ___________  state  spread  as  far  apart  as  possible  and  fill  the  space  of  the  container.    

9. In  order  for  matter  to  change  state,  it  must  go  through  a  ______________________.    

10.  Physical  changes  to  matter  can  occur  if  there  is  an  increase  or  decrease  in  temperature  or  ____________.  

 

Understanding the Atom 33

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

, a d

ivis

ion

of T

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

, Inc

.

Name Date Class

LESSON 2Content Practice B

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons—How Atoms DifferDirections: Complete the chart with the correct terms from the word bank in the space provided. Some terms may be used more than once.

e- electron cloud around the nucleus n nucleus p

0 1/1,840 1- 1 1+

Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Electron Proton Neutron

Symbol 1. 5. 9.

Charge 2. 6. 10.

Location 3. 7. 11.

Relative Mass

4. 8. 12.

Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.

13. What makes an atom of one element different from an atom of another element?

14. An element has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. What is its atomic number? What is its mass number?

15. What happens to a neutron atom if it gains or loses electrons?

C322_027_033_CRF_L2_892506.indd 33C322_027_033_CRF_L2_892506.indd 33 2/24/10 4:59:21 PM2/24/10 4:59:21 PM

Draw an atom in the box below. Label the proton, neutron and electron