Design And Performance Analysis Of Rectangular Patch Antenna at 2GHZ on different dielectric

Substrate for wireless communication System.

Presented By:- Mohit AgrawalSukrati MishraRuchi singhSheelendra yadav

Under the guidance of :- Mr.Devendra Kumar

Objective.

Why we choose this project ?

Introduction to Microstrip Antenna

Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna.

Feed Techniques.

Different Types of Feeding Techniques.

Comparison of different feed techniques.

Advantages & Disadvantages.

Design Considerations For Rectangular Patch Antenna.

Designing Equations.

Outline

Contd….

Methodology of the Project.

The essential parameters for the design.

Conventional Design.

Designing Procedure for RP Antenna.

Future scope.

References.

Outline cont….

The aim of the project is to design and fabricate rectangular Microstrip Patch

Antenna and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), substrate

Dielectric constant (€r) , Substrate thickness (h) on the Radiation parameters of

Bandwidth and Beam-width.

And also the effect of various dielectric constants on rectangular Microstrip patch

antenna performance is investigated. By keeping the substrate Thickness Constant

over various dielectric constants from 2.2 to 12.

Investigation of Simulated response using IE3D Simulator and MATLAB.

Objective

The main reasons are……..

With the wide spread proliferation of wireless communication technology in recent years, the demand for compact, low profile and broadband antennas has increased significantly.

Sizes and weights of various wireless electronic systems (e.g. mobile handsets) have rapidly reduced due to the development of modern integrated circuit technology.

A Microstrip antenna (MSA) is well suited for wireless communication due to its light weight, low volume and low profile planar configuration which can be easily conformed to the host surface.

However, MSAs suffers from low bandwidth. MSA bandwidth is greatly affected by the dielectric substrate material used in its design.

Why we choose this project?

Introduction to Microstrip

Ground Planeh

Conducting strip

W

t

εr

Dielectric substrate

A conducting strip with a width W and a thickness t is on the top of a dielectric substrate that has a relative dielectric constant and a thickness h and the bottom of the substrate is a conducting plane.

Contd….

DefinitionA transmission line consisting of a strip conductor and a

ground plane separated by a dielectric medium.Fundamentals

Realize L & C with Width & Length at higher RF frequencies

Introduction to Microstrip

Conductor of Width : w Height : h Relative permittivity : εr

Thickness : tFrequency : f

Contd….

Introduction to Microstrip

MICROSTRIP LINE: Transmission characteristics of Microstrips are

described by two parameters, namely, the effective dielectric constant εre and characteristic impedance Zc, which may be obtained by [ 3]

W/h>1.

The electric field is at a maximum at both edges and goes to zero in the center.

2

1

1212

1

2

1

W

hrrre

An antenna projects radiation into space.

Microstrip antennas starting in 1970s, although the idea of a microstrip

antenna is a patent in 1955.

Microstrip antennas consist of very thin layer metallic strip (patch) placed a

small fraction of a wavelength (h<< λ0) above a ground plane.

A source is used to feed the antenna.

Antennas radiate better in certain directions and not as well in others.

Introduction to Microstrip Antenna

Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna

Figure shows the design of conventional patch.

Substrate clad with two conductive layers (FR4 – Glass Epoxy, Duroid, alumina).

Resonant frequency based on dimensions and substrate properties.

Coaxial probe used as transmission line

to excite patch antenna

Feed Techniques

• Microstrip patch antennas can be fed by a variety of methods.

• These methods can be classified into two categories- 1.contacting 2.non-contacting.

• In the contacting method, the RF power is fed directly to the radiating patch using a connecting element such as a microstrip line.

• In the non-contacting scheme, electromagnetic field coupling is done to transfer power between the microstrip line and the radiating patch

Different Types of Feeding Techniques

Comparison of different feed techniques

Advantages Low cost ,small size ,no cutoff frequency Compatibility to monolithic circuits

Disadvantages Higher loss, lower power-handling capability Greater temperature instability

Applications of Microstrip Line

Advantages & Disadvantages

Navigation SpacecraftsSatellites, Mobile and Wireless ApplicationsMilitary applications like radars, electronic counter

measures and electronic support measures

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA

From reference [2]

………………….(1) …………………(2)

…………...…….(3)

………..…………(4)

Designing Equations

rerf

cL

2

LLLeff 2

)813.0)(258.0(

)246.0)(3.0(412.0

hWhW

hL

re

re

ore f

cW

2

12

)5.(........................................1212

1

2

1 2

1

W

hrrre

From Reference [3]

Study of Microstrip patch antenna

Design and Analysis of Rectangular Patch Antenna on Different Dielectric

Constant

Simulation & verification using IE3D and MATLAB of rectangular patch

antenna.

Comparison between simulated and measured results of different dielectric

constant.

Methodology of the Project

The essential parameters for the design are:

Height of the substrate = 1.59mm

The height h of the dielectric substrate is usually 0.003 λo≤h≤0.05 λo.

The resonant frequency selected for my design is 2.0 GHz.

Dielectric constant of the substrate (€r): The dielectric material selected for my design is variable.

For Duroid 5880 = 2.2

For slicon = 2.55

For FR4 = 4.0

For Alumina = 9.8

Designing Procedure:-

For an efficient radiator a practical width that leads to good radiation efficiency is calculated using equation 4.

Determine the effective dielectric constant of microstrip antenna using eq. 5

Determine the extension of the length dL using eq. 3.

Actual length of the patch can now be determine by solving eq. 1.

Designing Procedure for RP Antenna

Conclusion

In this project an antenna has been designed with different design parameters.

Taking all into consideration we can say that there are many aspects that affect the performance of antenna.

Dimensions, selection of the substrate, Feed techniques and also the operating frequency can also effect the performance.

The characteristics of proposed antennas have been investigated through different parametric studies using IE3D simulation software and MATLAB.

Integrating Monolithic MIC technology is still a most challenging problem. Integration of new material such as Meta material , artifical magnetic conductors and soft/hard surfaces into antenna technology offers many opportunites.

Because of many new applications, the lower portion of the EM spectrum has been saturated and design have been pushed to higher frequencies, including the millimeter wave frequency bands.

SOME FUTURE CHALLENGES

1. Ahamed Maruf et.al.(2012). Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna at 2GHz on Different Dielectric Constant for Pervasive Wireless Communication. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 31-39.

2. Ali Dheyab and Karim Hamad (2011). Improving Bandwidth of Rectangular Patch Antenna using Different Thickness of Dielectric Substrate. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 16-21.

3. Balanis, Contantine A. (1997). Antenna Theory – Analysis and Design. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2nd Edition, pp. 722- 751.

4. Dafalla (2004). Design of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna at 1GHz. RF and Microwave Conference, Subang, Selangor, Malaysia, pp. 145-149.

5. D. D. Sandu et.al.(2003). Microstrip Patch Antenna with Dielectric Substrate. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advance Materials, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 1381-1387.

References

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