microscopic anatomy 2011 skin (integumentary system) jennifer carbrey, ph.d....
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![Page 1: Microscopic Anatomy 2011 Skin (Integumentary System) Jennifer Carbrey, Ph.D. jennifer.carbrey@duke.edu Department of Cell Biology](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649efc5503460f94c0f5af/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy 2011Skin
(Integumentary System)
Jennifer Carbrey, [email protected] of Cell Biology
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GoalsTo Describe:
the basic functions and types of skin
the layers of the epidermis and how their characteristics contribute to skin function
the cell types of the epidermis and their rolein skin function
the tissues of the dermis and hypodermis and how they contribute to skin function
the morphology and function of nerve endings of the skin
the morphology and function of epidermal appendages
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Functions of Skin – largest organ
Protection – barrier against UV light, mechanical force, dehydration, microbes
Sensation – temperature, pressure, pain, touch
Thermoregulation – insulated by hair and adipose tissue, sweat, changes in blood flow
Metabolism – storage of fat in adipose tissue, vitamin D production, milk production
Communication – blushing, apocrine sweat glands, raising of hairs (animals)
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Layers of Skin
from ectoderm
from mesoderm
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thin skin thick skin
Thin (hairy) skin vs Thick (hairless) skin
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Thin (hairy) skin vs Thick (hairless)
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Papillary ridges of thick skin
Epidermis
Dermis
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Layers of Epidermis
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Keratinocytes
Hair and Nails: hard keratins
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Desmosomes
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Desmosomes
also hemidesmosomes – integrins bindECM proteins
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Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex
mutation in keratin expressed in basal cells of epidermis
another blistering diseasepemphigus – autoimmune attack of desmosomal proteins
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basal laminastratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum corneum
keratohyalingranules
keratin filaments
lamellarbodies
Layers of Epidermis
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Layers of the epidermis
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Keratinocytes in stratum spinosum
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Detaching corneocytesfrom stratum corneum
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Other cells of epidermis:Melanocyte in stratum basale
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Melanocytes in stratum basale
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Melanosomes in epidermis
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Other cells of epidermis:Langerhans’ cell in stratum spinosum
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Langerhans’ cells in stratum spinosum
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Skin Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma (basal cells) – ~150/100,000/year, <0.1% metastasize
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (keratinocytes) – ~40/100,000/year, ~1% metastasize
Malignant Melanoma (melanocytes) – ~17/100,000/year, ~15% metastasize
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Major Points
Skin has a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis)
The layers of the epidermis are formed by keratinocytes in various stages of differentiation
The keratin network and desmosome cell junctions of keratinocytesare crucial for the mechanical strength of skin
Melanocytes provide keratinocytes with melanin to protect from UV light
Langerhans’ cells are antigen-presenting cells of the epidermis
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Layers of Skin
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Dermal papillae
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Dermal papillae
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Layers of the dermis
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
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Blood Supply
Hypodermis
Dermis
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Nerve Endings
temperaturepainfine touch
pressurestretchpressurevibration
pressure
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Pacinian Corpuscles
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Pacinian Corpuscles and Fingerprints
role of fingerprints – grip, sense of touch, or both?
made a sensor that mimics skin with fingerprints fingerprints amplify vibrations (~100X) with
frequencies that best stimulate Pacinian corp. important for perception of texture surface needs to slide perpendicular to ridges
may be why elliptical patterns on fingertips
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Meissner’s Corpuscles
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Epidermal Appendages
Hair follicle
ApocrineSweat gland
EccrineSweat gland
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pilimuscle
*also nails andmammary glands
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Hair Follicles
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Arrector Pili Muscle
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Hair Follicles
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Hair Follicles
From Blanpain and Fuchs, Nature Reviews, 2009, 10:207-217
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Epidermal Appendages
Hair follicle
ApocrineSweat gland
EccrineSweat gland
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pilimuscle
*also nails andmammary glands
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Sebaceous glands
sebocytes secrete sebum: triglycerides, fatty acids, waxes
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Sebaceous gland
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Epidermal Appendages
Hair follicle
ApocrineSweat gland
EccrineSweat gland
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pilimuscle
*also nails andmammary glands
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Apocrine Sweat Glands
secrete a mixture of carbs, lipids, protein and ammonia
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Apocrine Sweat Glands
simple cuboidal or columnarsecretory cells andmyoepithelial cells
ducts are str. cuboidal
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Epidermal Appendages
Hair follicle
ApocrineSweat gland
EccrineSweat gland
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pilimuscle
*also nails andmammary glands
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Eccrine Sweat Glands
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Eccrine Sweat Glands
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Hypodermis
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Hypodermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
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Major Points
The dermis is a dense irregular connective tissue with dermal papillae that contain capillaries
Many types of nerve endings are found in different parts of the skin
Epidermal appendages are derived from the epidermis and includehair follicles, apocrine sweat glands, eccrine sweat glands,and sebaceous glands
The hypodermis is a fatty connective tissue layer that surroundssome epidermal appendages