SENIOR INTEGUMENTARY

SYSTEMJ.J.NELSON RN,CMA

You are likely to shed some 40 pounds of skin in a lifetime.

Average head holds around 120,000 hair. Freckles are called “ephelides” One square inch of skin has 65 hair, 100 oil

glands, 650 sweat glands and more nerves and blood vessels than you can count.

The skin leaks about one pint of fluid/day. This is called insensible perspiration

Did you know?

INTEGUMENT

SKIN WITH ASSOCIATED SEBACEOUS AND SWEAT GLANDS

HAIR

NAILS

FUNCTIONS

Protection-How? Temperature Regulator-How? Excretion of water and salts. Sense Organ-Which senses? Storage- What? Production and Secretion? – What Absorption-How?

Skin Turgor

Anatomy of Skin

Epidermis (stratified squamous)

Dermis (dense fibrous CT)

Subcutaneous(loose ordinary CT)

What is a blister?

View Animation

http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000029&ptid=17

THICK SKIN

The thickness of skin outer layer of the epidermis (Stratum Corneum) isDetermined by the amount of stimulation on the surface. Such as weight bearing and abrasion. Hence the soles of the feet and palms of the hands are the thickest.

Thick and Thin Skin

EPIDERMIS

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidem Stratum

Granulosum Stratum

Spinosium Stratum Basale

What is a callus? What is a corn?

Skin Color

• What happens when you tan?

•What is a freckle?•What is a nevus?

• What is the conditionof not producingmelanin?

What is an albino?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWTgu1paGDs

What are fingerprints?

epidermal ridges - The series of unique genetically determined patterns of narrow, raised strips of epidermis which are located on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet which increase friction and, therefore, traction of the foot and gripping ability of the hand; the pattern of these ridges is regulated by heredity.

Simian fold

“E” End Organ of Ruffini= Heat

“D” End Organs of Krause=Cold

“B” Meissners Corpuscles=Touch

“C” Pacinian Corpuscles=Deep Pressure

STRIAE

Fresh tears of the elastic fibers look pink (or slightly bluish) with ragged edges. Healed the marks look silver-white.

S.Pocklingon

HAIR

S.Pocklington

HAIR

Hair is mainly composed of a protein called keratin (about 88%). Keratin starts out as a soft substance arising from the follicle and keratinizes (hardens) as it rises up and out into the hair shaft. Keratin is insoluble, very tough, and highly elastic.

S.ocklington

The Three Layers

The cuticle

The Cortex

The medulla

S.Poklington

The cuticle

The cuticle is the outer layer of the shaft.

Keratinized simple squamous tissue

The closed cuticle feels smooth

S.Pocklinton

Split Ends

Split ends are a result of cuticle wearing away at the tip of the shaft

S.Poklngton

The cortex Cortex comprised of

elongated keratinized nonliving cells.

Comprising 75- 80% of the hair’s protein structure.

Gives hair its strength and elasticity

The hair pigment is located in the cortex

S.Pocklington

Medulla

MedullaThe central axis of hair, containing a column of soft keratinised cells interspersed with air pockets, helping to give hair its elasticity.

HAIR

Hair is a complicated structure that comprises of the root (or follicle) and the shaft (the visible part of hair). The root is enclosed in the hair follicle, submerges into the skin in inclination and ends down to the bulb

Hair is produced in the hair bulb which rest on a nipple like papilla (tuft of tissue).

These biological structures are very important to the follicle, as they bear capillary vessels which send nutritive elements from blood to cell.

Hair grows in stages. Some hair bulbs are active while others are at rest.

Hair is formed by epithelial cells in the bulb are keratinized as they push upwards. Thus the hair root and shaft consist of columns of dead keratinized epithelial cells

HAIR COLOR

The melanocytes present in the hair bulb are responsible for hair color.

Age causes fading of melanin.

Arrector Pili muscle contraction results in “goose bumps”

NAIL The visible part of the nail

(nail body or nail plate) consists of layers of stratum corneum cells that are keratinized.

Nails function: Protection of fingers/toes Antennae Assist with delicate task

Nail Root is beneath the skin. The stratum basale and spinosum of epidermis are present

here forming nail matrix cells which synthesize the nail plate.

These cells contain no melanocytes…so are seen as white. The crescent shaped structure is called the lunula.

Nail bed: As the nail is being produced by the root, it streams down

along the nail bed which adds material to the undersurface of the nail to make it thicker.

Smooth nails depend on a smooth nail bed.

Eponychium (cuticle) is the junction between skin stratum corneum and base of nail plate.

The term hyponychium refers to area between the nail plate and the fingertip. It provides a waterproof barrier

SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS Sweat glands are simple

tubular glands found in most parts of the body.

MEROCRINE (also called Eccrine) secrete sweat, a mixture of 99 percent water and 1 percent salts and fats. “Sensible perspiration”

APOCRINE glands, become active at puberty, are larger, deeper, and produce thicker secretions than eccrine glands.

Located in axilla, and genital-anal areas. Unlike eccrine glands that respond to heat,

apocrine glands respond to stress and sexual activity by secreting sweat with a characteristic odor. This odor differs from body odor that results from bacteria decomposing skin secretions on the skin.

Sweat gland animation

http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000127&ptid=17

CERUMINOUS GLANDS

Ceruminous glands are modified apocrine glands in the external ear canal lining. They secrete cerumen (earwax), a sticky substance that is thought to repel foreign material.

Mammary glands in female breasts are modified apocrine glands. These glands are adapted to secrete milk instead of sweat.

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

Sebaceous glands are all over the body except on the palms of hands and soles of feet.

The glands empty via ducts into the bases of hair follicles and secrete sebum (a lipid substance).

Sebaceous glands are numerous on the face and scalp.

Sebaceous Gland

DERMATOLOGY TERMS

THE END.