Microprocessors And Microcontrollers (Practical)

By: Dr. Attiya Baqai

Semester : 4th , 5th (TL, ES) Assistant Professor,

Course Code : ES256 , ES313 Department of

Electronics, MUET.

Introduction to Programming and AVR Microcontroller

3

By: Dr. Attiya Baqai

Semester : 4th , 5th (TL, ES) Assistant Professor,

Course Code : ES256 , ES313 Department of

Electronics, MUET.

AVR’s CPU

PROGRAM

ROM

PortsOSC

Timers

Other

Peripherals

Program

BusData

Bus

RAM

I/O

PINS

EEPROM

Interrupt

Unit

General

Purpose

Registers

CPU

data busaddress bus

control busData

Bus

Available Microcontrollers

◉ Altera ◉ Analog Devices ◉ Atmel ◉ Cypress Semiconductor ◉ Dallas Semiconductor ◉ELAN Microelectronics Corp. ◉ Energy Micro ◉ EPSON Semiconductor ◉ Freescale Semiconductor ◉ Parallax ◉ NXP Semiconductors ◉ Texas Instruments

◉ Fujitsu ◉ Holtek ◉Infineon ◉Intel ◉Lattice Semiconductor ◉Maxim Integrated ◉Microchip Technology ◉National Semiconductor ◉NEC ◉Panasonic ◉Rabbit Semiconductor ◉Silicon Laboratories

ATMEGA 8 Microcontroller

◉ 8-bit Atmel with 8KB in-System Programmable Flash ◉32 × 8 General Purpose Working Registers ◉Up to 16MIPS Throughput at 16MHz ◉512 B EEPROM ◉1KB Internal SRAM ◉Two 8-bit Timer/Counters and One 16-bit Timer/Counter

◉Three PWM Channels ◉Two-wire Serial Interface ◉Programmable Serial USART ◉Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface ◉23 Programmable I/O Lines ◉0 - 8MHz (ATmega8L) ◉0 - 16MHz (ATmega8)

ATMEGA 16L Microcontroller

Programming Methods

◉In System Programming (ISP)

◉JTAG

◉DebugWire (dW)

◉Pre-programmed Bootloader

◉High Voltage Parallel Programming (HVPP)

◉High Voltage Serial Programming (HVSP)

◉Program and Debug Interface (PDI)

◉Tiny Programming Interface (TPI)

◉aWire (aW)

In Circuit System Programming (ICSP)

◉ In System Programming is perhaps the most common method of programming the Flash, EEPROM, fuse and lock bytes of the entire AVR line.

◉ ISP can program AVRs at extremely high clock rates (assuming the target AVR is running at a high frequency and the programmer supports it) and is the method of choice for almost all AVR hobbyists.

◉ There are many, many AVRISP clones and AVR910 programmers on the market in addition to simple do-it-yourself dongles which connect to your computer's parallel port.

◉Recent new dongle designs may use the computer's serial port, however anecdotal evidence has said that this method is *extremely* slow due to technical limitations.

◉ISP requires that the target AVR is running at a clock rate of at least four times that of the ISP clock.

AVR Programming Languages

◉ Programming Language for AVR is Assembly, however C language Compilers for AVRs are also available which convert C language program to Assembly or Machine (HEX) language.

AVR Programming Tools

◉ Simulation: Proteus Simulator v7.9 (Simulation)

AVR Studio 4.18 (Programming)

Win AVR (GCC Compiler)

◉Experiment: USBAsp Programmer

AVR Studio 4.18

Extreme Burner (for Programming through ICSP)

AVR Trainer or AVR ATMEGA 16 Chip

WinAVR

USBAsp Programmer Connection Diagram

ICSP Header

VCC

MOSI MISO

SCK

RST

GND

ATMEGA 16

AVR Microcontroller Trainer

AVR Microcontroller Trainer

LCD

10-segment LED

bargraph display

ICSP header

ATMEGA16

4 Switches

Power Socket

Introduction to AVR Studio 4

Select New Project

Atmel AVR Assembler for Assembly AVR GCC for C-language

Enter details and click NEXT

AVR Simulator > ATmega16

Programming Window Project Files

uC I/O Info

I/O

Status / value Compilation Status

Compile and Build Options

Input & Output Operations

◉ To initialize ports as Input / Output: DDRx = 0xFF; // Output

DDRx = 0x00; // Input

◉ Getting / Writing Data on Ports: PINx // for Input

PORTx // for Output

x is the Port name i.e. A, B, C etc

Program#01: Send Data on Port B

.INCLUDE "M16DEF.INC"

.ORG 0000

LDI R16,0xFF

OUT DDRB,R16 ; making PORT B as output

LDI R17, 0xF0 ; sending data “F0” to PORT B

OUT PORTB,R17

AGAIN: JMP AGAIN

Simulate & Debug Program in AVR Studio

.INCLUDE "M16DEF.INC"

.ORG 0000

LDI R16,0xFF

OUT DDRB,R16 ; making PORT B as output

LDI R17, 0xF0 ; sending data “F0” to PORT B

OUT PORTB,R17

AGAIN: JMP AGAIN

Proteus Output

Proteus Output

Browse Hex File from PC

Run Simulation

Program # 02: Get Data from Port C and Put it on Port B

.INCLUDE "M16DEF.INC"

.ORG 0000 LDI R16,00 OUT DDRC, R16 ; making PORT C as input LDI R17,0xFF OUT DDRB,R17 ; making PORT B as output AGAIN: IN R0,PINC ; Read continuously from PORT C OUT PORTB,R0 ; & send it to PORT B JMP AGAIN

Example # 02: Proteus

Example # 02: Proteus

Khazama AVR Programmer

Exercise Questions

◉ Get Data from Switches connected at Port C and Output complimented data to Port B

◉ Get data from lower nibble of Port C and put it to upper nibble of port B

◉ Count numbers from 0 to 255 on Port B

◉ Write a program to generate these random numbers: 100, 255, 123, 80, 66, 36, 15, 00

Acknowledgement

◉ Originally taken from Practical Lecture slides and handouts by Engr Azam Rafique Memon

◉ Modified by Dr. Attiya Baqai

Any questions ?

Thanks!