microorganisms and disease
TRANSCRIPT
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VIRUS & BACTERIAK. GOPI
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MICROORGANISMS ANDDISEASES
Infectious diseases are caused by:pathogens & uncontrollable
natural flora Damages tissue directly or by toxin
Pathogens: viruses, ba
cteria, fungi,protoctista and metazoa (worms)
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VIRUS
Smallest: 50x smaller than bacteria
Not cells
Arrangements of genetic material & protein
invades living cells to reproduce (obligate
intracellular parasites) Evolve in adaptive way: withstand drying,
long storage period & resistant towardsmost drugs (acyclovir prevents herpes- coldsore and genital herpes)
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STRUCTURE OF VIRUS Geometric shape
Variation in genetic material, protein coat(capsid) & presence of envelope
Capsid- capsomeres,repeated unit tominimise usage of genetic material &
simple assembly Protein coat covered by lipid envelope
(host cell)- easier to pass from cell to cell,but vulnerable to ether
Viral DNA or RNA maybe double stranded
or sometimes single stranded
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STRUCTURE OF VIRUS
Viral DNA template
mRNA to induce viral proteinsynthesis
DNA virus- small pox,adenovirus & bacteriophage
RNA virus- directs synthesis ofreverse transcriptase
ex: tobacco mosaic virus & HIV
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ATTACHMENTS OFVIRUSES
Attach by specific protein(VAPS)
Target: protein in host cellmembrane
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LIFE CYCLE OF VIRUS
Bacteriophages inject only their DNAinto the bacteria cell forming plasmid
Endocytosis; capsid digested and viral
genetic material released Fusing of virus envelope to the host
cell surface
Vector (plant virus)>Aphid to pierce
the cellulose wall
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ROUTES OFINFECTION
Lysogenic pathway
Lytic pathway
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LYSOGENIC PATHWAY
Non virulent ; DNA replicated via division ofhost cell, provirus
mRNA is not produced from viral DNAbecause of repressor protein production
Lysogeny period: virus is a part ofreproducing host cell and dormant
Activated when host cells are damaged,repressor protein decreases and virulent
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LYTIC PATHWAY
Viral genetic materialsreplicate independently in thehost
Mature viruses were made &host cells burst
Releasing new viruses
Virulent and lytic pathway:process of replicating andkilling cells
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BACTERIA
Structure; refer toprokaryote notes
Gram positive and Gramnegative
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GRAM NEGATIVE
Thinner layer ofpeptidoglycan &
withoutpresence oftechoic acid
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CLASSIFYINGBACTERIA Gram staining
Shape- spherical (cocci), Rod shaped(bacilli), twisted (spirilla) and commashaped (vibrios)
Respiratory requirements-obligateaerobes (O2), facultative
anaerobes ( use O2 but can manage
without it) and obligate anaerobes(absence of O2)
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REPRODUCTION OFBACTERIA
Asexual andsexualreproduction
Asexual- binaryfission (every 20mins)
Sexual-transformation,transduction &conjugation
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BINARY FISSION
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Title
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THANK YOU