microbial flora of the human body - karachi king's school ... · normal microbial flora 1....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ramesh kumar
1
![Page 2: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Normal Flora Definition
Normal flora is themixture ofmicroorganisms(bacteria and fungi) thatare regularly found atany anatomical site ofhuman body.
DefinitionNormal flora is themixture ofmicroorganisms(bacteria and fungi) thatare regularly found atany anatomical site ofhuman body.
2
![Page 3: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
![Page 4: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Symbioticrelationship
Mutualistic Communalistic Opportunistic
4
![Page 5: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Symbiotic Relationship 1. Mutualistic Both organisms benefit – “mutually beneficial”
2. Commensalistic One organism benefits, the other is neither helped nor
harmed
3. Opportunistic Under normal conditions, microbe does not cause
disease, but if conditions become conducive , it cancause disease
1. Mutualistic Both organisms benefit – “mutually beneficial”
2. Commensalistic One organism benefits, the other is neither helped nor
harmed
3. Opportunistic Under normal conditions, microbe does not cause
disease, but if conditions become conducive , it cancause disease
5
![Page 6: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mutualistic Escherichia coli Synthesizes Vitamin K & B complex Vitamins
In return, we provide a warm, moist nutrient richenvironment for E. coli
Escherichia coli Synthesizes Vitamin K & B complex Vitamins
In return, we provide a warm, moist nutrient richenvironment for E. coli
6
![Page 7: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CommensalisticWe have no Commensalistic relationships with Bacteria
If Bacteria are in or on our body, they are either helpingus (Microbial Antagonism) or harming us.
We have no Commensalistic relationships with Bacteria
If Bacteria are in or on our body, they are either helpingus (Microbial Antagonism) or harming us.
7
![Page 8: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Opportunistic Escherichia coli - normally in our digestive tract where
it causes no problems, but if it gets into the urinarytract it can become pathogenic.
Staphylococcus aureus – commonly found in the upperrespiratory tract, but if it gets into a wound or a burn itcan become pathogenic
Escherichia coli - normally in our digestive tract whereit causes no problems, but if it gets into the urinarytract it can become pathogenic.
Staphylococcus aureus – commonly found in the upperrespiratory tract, but if it gets into a wound or a burn itcan become pathogenic
8
![Page 9: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Three Types of SymbioticRelationships
Table 14.1 9
![Page 10: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Types ofnormal flora
ResidentFlora
TransientFlora
10
![Page 11: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present
2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in or on your body for a period of time
(hours, days, weeks, months) then move on or die off
1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present
2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in or on your body for a period of time
(hours, days, weeks, months) then move on or die off
11
![Page 12: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
![Page 13: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Transient Microbiota Remain in the body for only hours to
months before disappearing
Found in the same regions as residentmicrobiota
Cannot persist in the body…because… Competition from other microorganisms Elimination by the body’s defenses cells Chemical or physical changes in the body
Remain in the body for only hours tomonths before disappearing
Found in the same regions as residentmicrobiota
Cannot persist in the body…because… Competition from other microorganisms Elimination by the body’s defenses cells Chemical or physical changes in the body
13
![Page 14: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sterile tissuesIn a healthy human, the
internal tissues such as: blood brain muscle cerbrospinal fluid (csf.)
are normally free ofmicroorganisms.
Normal Flora
Sterile tissuesIn a healthy human, the
internal tissues such as: blood brain muscle cerbrospinal fluid (csf.)
are normally free ofmicroorganisms.
14
![Page 15: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Normal Flora Skin Eyes (i.e.Cunjunctiva) Nose (i.e. Respiratory
tract) Mouth (i.e Human Oral
Cavity) Ears Urogenetal tract Elementry tract
Skin Eyes (i.e.Cunjunctiva) Nose (i.e. Respiratory
tract) Mouth (i.e Human Oral
Cavity) Ears Urogenetal tract Elementry tract
15
![Page 16: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Normal Flora Resident flora Acquired rapidly during
& after birth
Resident flora Acquired rapidly during
& after birth
16
![Page 17: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Normal Flora Resident flora
Reflects age of person
Resident flora
Reflects age of person
17
![Page 18: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
.
Normal FloraResident flora
Changes continuously throughout life
18
![Page 19: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Normal Flora Resident flora Reflects nutrition of
person
Resident flora Reflects nutrition of
person
19
![Page 20: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Normal Flora Resident flora Reflects genetics of
person
Resident flora Reflects genetics of
person
20
![Page 21: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Normal Flora
Resident floraReflects environment ofperson
Resident floraReflects environment ofperson
21
![Page 22: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Resident flora Reflects sex of
person
Normal Flora
22
![Page 23: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1. They constitute aprotective hostdefense mechanismby occupyingecological niches.
Importance of TheNormal Flora(Advantages)
1. They constitute aprotective hostdefense mechanismby occupyingecological niches.
23
![Page 24: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Importance of The Normal Flora(Advantages)
2. They produce vitamin Band vitamin K inintestine.
24
![Page 25: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Importance of The Normal Flora(Advantages)
3.The oral floracontribute toimmunity by inducinglow levels ofcirculating andsecretory antibodiesthat may cross reactwith pathogens.
3.The oral floracontribute toimmunity by inducinglow levels ofcirculating andsecretory antibodiesthat may cross reactwith pathogens.
25
![Page 26: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Importance of The Normal Flora(Advantages)
4.The oral bacteria floraexert microbialantagonism againstnonindigenous speciesby production ofinhibitory fatty acids,peroxides, bacteriocins,etc.
4.The oral bacteria floraexert microbialantagonism againstnonindigenous speciesby production ofinhibitory fatty acids,peroxides, bacteriocins,etc.
26
![Page 27: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Importance of The Normal Flora(Advantages)
5. The normal flora mayantagonize otherbacteria through theproduction ofsubstances which inhibitor kill nonindigenousspecies.
5. The normal flora mayantagonize otherbacteria through theproduction ofsubstances which inhibitor kill nonindigenousspecies.
27
![Page 28: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Importance of The Normal Flora(Disadvantages)1. They can cause disease in
the following:a) When individualsbecomeimmunocompromised.b) When they change theirusual anatomic location.
1. They can cause disease inthe following:a) When individualsbecomeimmunocompromised.b) When they change theirusual anatomic location.
28
![Page 29: Microbial Flora of the Human Body - Karachi King's School ... · Normal Microbial Flora 1. Resident Flora Microbes that are always present 2. Transient Flora Microbes that live in](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042621/5f5d4d37adb5dc229e1ab424/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Thanks yourThanks your
29