[email protected] european centre for environment and human health michael depledge and ben...
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European Centre for Environment European Centre for Environment
and Human Healthand Human Health
Michael Depledge and Ben Wheeler
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Increasing Risk to Ecosystem
Ecosystems
THE PROBLEMManagement of ecosystems is limited by
not being able to measure:
• the right things
• in the right places
• at the right frequency
• over sufficient time periods
• cost-effectively
What are the constraints?
• Lack of simple tools
• Lack of qualified personnel
• Mismatch between costs & resources
• Difficult interpretation
• Management cant deliver outcomes
• Lack of ecological & social relevance
• Poor engagement of local communities
What is the cost of not monitoring effectively ?
• Failure to detect human health threats (NHS costs, public confidence, etc.)
• Failure to detect reductions in biodiversity (ecosystem decline, loss of sustainability)
• Increasing remediation / restoration costs
• Potentially irreversible damage
• Failing in our role.
Rapid Assessment of Marine Pollution (RAMP)
• Chemical AND biological techniques
• Rapid
• Easy to use
• Inexpensive
• Ecologically relevant
• Useful to environmental managers
Background Information• Vulnerable ecosystems.• Contaminant discharge (point source and diffuse)• Planned developments.
Hierarchical Approach to Risk Assessment
RAMP / RASEIChemical & biological markers, socio-economic & health markers
Detailed chemical, biological, ecological, socio-economic and health studies of specific locations
Decre
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costs
PERC
PERC
RAMP Training workshops
• Brasil• Costa Rica• Vietnam• South Africa
Infrared Phototransducer
Sensor
IR Detector
IR Emitter
Sensor
Securing Ring
Heart Systole
Carapace
Heart Diastole
Connection to the Computer
Computer-aided physiological monitoring using infra-red sensors
Overview of Computer Aided Physiological Monitoring System
Transmitter
Receiver
Amplifier/Filter
Reset/LatchHeart
IBM XT / AT Compatible Computer with I/O Interface (8855 Chip)
Multi-Plexer
Select
Counter
Latch
DataBus
..... ..... .....X8
Changes in heart rate in the rock crab Hemigrapsus, along the Otago Harbour pollution gradient
MappinessGeorge Mackerron
Personal UV - sensor
Pedometers
GPS location log
Ordnance Survey Data are © Crown Copyright/database right 2011. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service
Health and Wellbeing Health and Wellbeing from the Environmentfrom the Environment
Rockpool ramblesRockpool rambles SailinSailing
Coastal walksCoastal walks
SwimmingSwimming
Kayaking
SurfingSurfing DivingDiving
Bluegym.org.ukBluegym.org.ukBlue Gym = Campaign + Research Blue Gym = Campaign + Research
Rigorous scientific studies
(RCT, intervention & mechanistic studies)
GPS
• Record of location history
• Track individual movements over time
• Precise - ~3m
• High temporal resolution (1+ observations per second)
• Becoming ubiquitous…
GPS receivers/dataloggers
In combination…
• Log location plus other data with sensors/ instruments:– Physical activity– Air quality– Noise– Individual questionnaires
Accelerometerwww.geneactiv.co.uk
In combination…
• Log location plus other data with sensors/ instruments:– Physical activity– Air quality– Noise– Individual questionnaires
Personal air samplerwww.munroinstruments.co.uk
In combination…
• Log location plus other data with sensors/ instruments:– Physical activity– Air quality– Noise– Individual questionnaires
Personal noise exposure dataloggerwww.casellameasurement.com
In combination…
• Log location plus other data with sensors/ instruments:– Physical activity– Air quality– Noise– Individual questionnaires
Mappiness questionnairewww.mappiness.org
Ordnance Survey Data are © Crown Copyright/database right 2011. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service
Physical activity in greenspace
http://bristol.ac.uk/enhs/peach
Air quality example: MESSAGE
• Using GPS-enabled air pollution sensors• Creating high resolution maps of air quality• Sensors on cars, bikes, people…
NO Maphttp://www.escience.cam.ac.uk/~mcal00/MESSAGE/try2c.mov
http://bioinf.ncl.ac.uk/message/
(Newcastle, Imperial, Cambridge, Leeds, Southampton)
Citizens as Sensors
• ‘Volunteered Geographic Information’– e.g. OpenStreetMap – “a crowdsourced
geospatial data repository”– a free, editable basemap of the world
• “Citizens as sensors: the world of volunteered geography” (Michael Goodchild, 2007, GeoJournal 69:211–221)
www.openstreetmap.org