micca projectnursery operator seedlings roduction ogbook … · 6 micca projectnursery...

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Micca ProjectNursery oPerator’sseedliNgs ProductioN logbook

KUMBUKUMBU ZA UPANDAJI WA MITI KITINI CHA MKULIMA

MICCA Project Nursery Operator’s

Seedlings Production Logbook

Mradi aa MICCA Kitini cha Uzalishaji Miche Ya Miti Kwa Wamiliki Wa Vitalu

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Seedlings Production Logbook / Kitini cha Uzalishaji Miche

The purpose of this logbook is to provide information on seedlings production to nursery operators, and to be a future record for the nursery operators, village leaders, government authorities, certifiers and buyers.

It may be used to:- Show why plant trees- Why tree nurseries- Recommended nursery operators’ practices- Keeping of nursery records

Kitini hiki kinalenga kutoa mwongozo wa jinsi ya kutunza taarifa mbalimbali za uzalishaji miche ya miti, na pia kutumika kutunzia kumbukumbu kwa wamiliki wa vitalu, uongozi wa vijiji, uongozi wa serikali na wanunuzi wa miche.

Kiujumla kitini hiki kinalenga kuonesha yafutayo;- Kwanini tunapanga miti- Kwanini tunaanzisha vitalu vya miche ya miti- Mapendekezo ya utarabitu mzuri kwa wenye vitalu- Kutunza kumbu kumbu za kitalu

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Tips on seedlings and tree growing / Vidokezo kuhusu miche ya miti na ukuaji wa miti

At the back of this booklet are tips on how to:- choose good seeds for tree nurseries- Seed pre -treatment - Nursery bed preparation - Choosing a good nursery Substrate - Watering of seedlings in the tree nursery - Other tree nursery management practices- Keeping good records in this log book.-

Kurasa za mwisho za kitini hiki zimesheheni vidokezo kuhusu;- Kuchagua aina nzuri za mbegu za miti- Utayarishaji wa mbegu- Utayarishaji wa sehemu za kusia mbegu- Kuchagua aina nzuri za udongo, mbolea na mchanga kwa ajili

ya kukuzia miche- Umwagiliaji maji katika kitalu- Aina nyinginezo za utunzaji wa kitalu cha miti- Kuweka kumbukumbu katika kitini

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TAARIFA KUHUSU KITALU

Jina/Name

Kijiji/Village

Kata/Ward

Tarafa/Sub-location

Wilaya/District

Ukubwa na kitalu (ekari)/Size of the nursery (acres)

Aina ya Kitalu/Type of Nursery

Mwaka kilipoanzishwa/Year of establishment

GPS coordinates (if available)

Aina ya miche iliyopo/Species available

Umbali kufika barabarani (km)/Distance to road (km)

Anuani ya mwenye kitalu/Address of the nursery operator

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Date

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Botan

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Mode

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Date

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Date

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Sour

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Date

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Age o

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Obse

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Nur

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and

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Date

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Seed

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Micca ProjectNursery oPerator’sseedliNgs ProductioN logbookSe

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NURSERY ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT TIPS VIDOKEZO KUHUSU UANZISHAJI NA UTUNZAJIA WA KITALU CHA MICHE YA MITI

1. Choosing good seed for tree nurseries / Uchaguzi wa mbegu bora kwa ajili ya kitalu

• Select enough number of mother trees (about 30 ) and mix the seeds to produce diversity so that you don’t only collect relatives.

• Select mother trees with desirable qualities e.g. sweet fruits, straight stems ,observed fast growth

• Seeds/fruits/cones should be mature - colour, taste or texture change, soft, slight openings

• Collect during a good seed year - some tree species do not produce seeds all the years

• Can climb the trees or use looping shears (crown ), collect from the ground or harvested trees or place mats/bags below the trees (ground)

• Proper extraction of seeds (sun, depulping, eating, crushing etc)

• Sort the seeds so you only keep the best seeds - not immature, broken, diseased etc

• Store the seeds that you can’t sow in bags in a cool dry place except for recalcitrant species

• Keep records of collection date, place, number of mother trees etc

• Pre-treat seeds that take more than a week to germinate

• Chagua idadi kubwa ya miti ya mbegu (karibu 30 hivi) na uchanganye ili kupata aina tofauti tofauti ili kupunguza aina moja yenye undugu

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• Chagua miti ya mbegu yenye sifa zinazohitajika mfano, matunda matamu, miti iliyonyooka, miti inayoota haraka n.k

• Mbegu au vipandikizi lazima ziwe zimekomaa mfano rangi, ladha, ugumu na kufunguka

• Mbegu ziokotwe kipindi kizuri cha mwaka, mfano mbegu nyingine hazipatikani wakati wote wa mwaka

• Mbegu zinaweza kukusanywa kwa kupanda juu ya mti au kutumia kamba, au kuokotwa ardhini au wakati wa uvunaji miti au kuweka tandiko na kisha kutikisa mti

• Mbegu inabidi zitolewe vizuri toka kwenye tunda, mfano kwa kuanika juani, kuosha na maji, kula au kuponda n.k.

• Chambua mbegu ili kuweka vizuri mbegu zenye ubora i.e. usichague changa, zilizovunjuka au zenye magonjwa

• Tunza mbegu ambazo hutazipanda sasa kwenye mifuko na kuihifadhi sehemu kavu

• Weka kumbukumbu za tarehe ya kuokota mbezu, mahali, idadi ya miti iliyohusika

• Zitayarishe mbegu kwa njia mbali mbali hasa zile zinazochukua zaidi ya wiki moja kuota

2. Seed pre –treatment / Utayarishaji wa mbegu

• To improve on the seed and amount of germination by breaking dormancy

• Helps save on seed and seed-bed space by close to uniform germination

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• MethodsCold water soaking -12, 24 or 48 hrs depending on the

speciesHot water immersion (70oc) - 12, 24 or 48 hrs depending

on the speciesNicking or partial removal of the seed-coat

• Kuimarisha uotaji wa mbegu kwa kuondoa vizuizi vyake• Kuokoa mbegu na nafasi ya uoteshaji kwa kuotesha kwa

pamoja

Njia itumikayoKuloweka mbegu kwenye maji baridi kwa masaa 12, 24

au 48 kulingana na aina ya mitiKuloweka mbegu kwenye maji moto (yenye nyuzi

za sentigredi 70) kwa muda wa masaa 12, 24 au 48 kulingana na aina ya miti

Kupasua kidogo au kuondoa kabisa ganda la mbegu

3. Nursery bed preparation and seedling handling / Utayarishaji wa tuta la kusia na utunzaji wa miche

• For small seeds prepare the seedbeds such that the tilth is good. The soil should be inert enough such as sand to avoid passing diseases to the seeds and should allow aeration

• Sow the seeds such that they are 50:50 with the soil particles• Provide enough moisture for germination but not a lot of

water so the seeds do not rot

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• Prick out straightly holding the seedling by the leaves • Make holes with a small stick that just pricks a straight hole

for the seedling roots• Seedbeds should not be very narrow or very wide but should

allow easy passage between them for watering, moving shade etc (1m width is preferable)

• Throw away sick /deformed seedlings and put other seedlings in water after they are removed from the seedbed

• Ensure minimum seedling handling to produce high quality seedlings for easy field establishment

• Kwa mbegu ndogondogo tengeneza tuta la kusia ambalo ni zuri. Hakikisha mchanga unaotumika usiwe na magonjwa and upitishe hewa ya kutosha

• Sia mbegu kwa kuhakikisha kuwa uwiano wa udongo na mbegu ni nusu kwa nusu

• Weka unyevu wa kutosha lakini usiweke maji mengi na kupelekea mbegu kuoza

• Miche ikishaota na kuwa tayari kuweka kwenye viriba, inyanyue toka tota la kusia kwa kuishika kwenye majani

• Wakati huo tumia kijiti kuchimba kwenye mizizi ya miche wakati unautoa ardhini

• Tuta la kusia mbegu liwe la wastani wa upana wa mita moja ili kuruhusu upitikaji wa urahisi wakati wa kumwagilia au kuweka kivuli cha kuhamisha

• Tupilia mbali miche dhaifu wakati huo huo weka miche uliyoitoa kwenye tuta la kusia kwenye maji

• Hakikisha unahudumia miche michache wakati wa kuihamisha toka kwenye tuta la kusia ili kuimarisha ubora wake muda wa kupanda ukifika

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4. Choosing a good nursery substrate / Kuchagua aina nzuri ya mchanganyiko wa kukuzia miche

• Light in weight but holds seedlings and cuttings firmly• Doesn’t shrink or swell so as not to damage roots• Has all necessary nutrients• Has no weed seeds, toxic salts, harmful bacteria or insects• Forest soil offers the best substrate composition• Enrich farm soil with sand and manure (FYM or well

decomposed compost)• Can be sterilized without changing• Consistent from year to year• Add fertilizers to substrates that are poor in nutrients• Other substrates include sawdust, charcoal dust etc• Huu unaweza kuwa ni udongo wa msituni, pumba za mbao,

vumbi la mkaa n.k.• Mchanganyiko uwe mwepesi lakini wenye uwezo wa kushika

miche au vipandikizi vizuri• Inatakiwa kuwa isiyo sinyaa au kutanuka ili kutoharibu mizizi• Inatakiwa kuwa na rutuba na viasilia muhimu vyote• Isiwe na mbegu za magugu, chumvichumvi, wadudu au

vimelea vya magonjwa• Udongo toka msituni ni mzuri zaidi kwa mchanganyiko huo• Ongezea udongo wa shambani kwa mchanga na mbolea ya

samadi• Unaweza kuutumia tena iwapo utaondoa vimelea vya

magonjwa • Inabidi utumie aina hiyo kila mwaka• Ongezea mbolea pale inapohitajika hasa baada ya kuona

rutuba inapungua

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5. Watering of seedlings in the tree nursery / Umwagiliaji maji kwenye kitalu cha miti

• A nursery site should be near a permanent water supply

• Use clean water to ensure seedling health

• Water the seedlings as they require by examining the leaves’ turgidity

• Watering should ensure that each part of the bed is watered evenly so a nozzle is important e.g. watering cans

• Water the seedlings when the temperatures are low (mornings and evenings) to avoid losing the seedling moisture through evapotranspiration

• Avoid over watering as it reduces the aeration of seedlings through water logging and diseases such as Downey mildew

• Avoid under watering as it stresses the seedling leading to stunted growth and/or even death

• Kitalu ni budi kuwa karibu na chanzo cha kudumu cha maji

• Ni vizuri kutumia maji masafi ili kuhakikisha miche yenye afya

• Mwagilia miche kiasi cha maji kulingana na mahitaji• Umwagiliaji uhakikishe kuwa kila sehemu katika tuta inapata

maji kwa usawa• Mwagilia miche ikiwa joto limepungua hasa nyakati za

asubuhi na jioni kuepuka miche kupoteza maji hewani• Usimwagie maji mengi kupita kiasi ili kuepuka maji kutuama

na kusababisha magonjwa na mizizi kukosa hewa• Epuka kutomwagilia maji ya kutosha kwa vile hii hupelekea

miche kudumaa na hata kufa

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6. Other tree nursery management practices / Mambo mengineyo kuhusu utunzaji wa kitalu

• Weeding carefully by hands• Root pruning to ensure sturdy seedlings• Inoculation with micro-organisms where necessary• Hardening (condition seedlings to a state that will survive

in the field through reduction of water and shade –about six weeks to planting time

• Shading- protects seedlings from extreme environment and reduce water loss from soil and leaves

• Palilia majani kwa kutumia mikono• Kata mizizi pindi inapokuwa mikubwa na kuvuka kiriba• Weka viumbe hai vya udongo toka msituni ambavyo ni

muhimu kwa kuimarisha mizizi• Komoza miche yako kwa kuipunguzia maji na kivuli angalau

wiki sita kabla ya kuipeleka shambani

• Weka kivuli ili kuikinga miche na jua kali na hivyo kupunguza upoteaji wa maji kutoka katika udongo na majani ya miche

7. Keeping good records in this log book / Uwekaji wa kumbu kumbu katika kitini

• Maintain good contacts with staff like foresters and extension workers or nongovernmental organization advising you on nursery management.

• Records of everything done in the nursery such as Seed sources, germination, pre-treatments, sources of substrates and mixtures, distribution of seedlings, purchases and sales

• Train anybody working with you on the importance of this

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• Helps improve techniques and to rationalize the works• Can be a basis for the next year/s operation• Accumulated data may reveal new findings and knowledge• Share your records and observation with officers you are in

contacts with regularly• Ni vizuri kuwa na mawasiliano na wataalamu wa miti,

mabwana miti, maafisa ugani au watumishi wa taasisi zisizo za kiserikali zenye kujihusisha na mazingira ili kupata ushauri wa namna ya kutunza kitalu chako

• Weka kumbu kumbu ya kila kitu kinachofanyika katika kitalu kama vile wapi mbegu zako zinatoka, uotaji, matayarisho ya mbegu kabla ya kusia, chanzo cha mchanganyiko wa kukuzia miche yako, usambazaji wa miche, manunuzi na mauzo mbalimbali

• Mfundishe yeyote unayesaidiana nae katika shughuli za kitalu kuhusu umuhimu wa kumbu kumbu

• Hii itakuwa njia nzuri ya kuboresha mbinu uzitumiazo na pia tathmini ya kazi

• Inaweza kutumika kwa ajili ya kupanga kazi za kitalu kwa mwaka ujao

• Uwepo wa kumbu kumbu pia hujenga takwimu zinazoweza kutumika kufahamu mambo mapya na elimu zaidi

• Badilishana takwimu na mtaalamu mara kwa mara ili kupata ushauri zaidi

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Other important notes / Mambo mengine muhimu

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micca projectnursery operator seedlings roduction ogbook … · 6 micca projectnursery...

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