mi 2 marks-modified

8/13/2019 MI 2 Marks-modified

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PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGEDEPARTMENT OF ECE

EC 2351 MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Two mark Que!"o# & A#wer

U#"! I $a"% Meaureme#! Co#%e!

1' ()a! " mea#! *+ meaureme#!,

Measurement is an act or the result of comparison between the

quantity and a

predefined standard.

2' Me#!"o# !)e *a"% re-u"reme#! o. meaureme#!'

The standard used for comparison purpose must be accurately

defined and should

be commonly accepted.

The apparatus used and the method adopted must be provable.

3' ()a! are !)e 2 me!)o/ .or meaureme#!,

Direct method and

Indirect method.

0' De."#e A%%ura%+, Pre%""o# Se#"!""!+ a#/ reou!"o#'

A%%ura%+ is the degree of closeness with which the instrument

reading approaches the true value of the quantity to be measured. It

denotes the extent to which we approach the actual value of the

quantity.

Pre%""o# is the measure of consistency or repeatability of

measurements. It denotes the closeness with which individual

measurements are departed or distributed about the average of

number of measured values.

Mrs. D. Padmapriya , Assoc. Prof./ECE1


2/29

Se#"!""!+ denotes the smallest change in the measured variable to

which the instrument responds.It is defined as the ratio of the changes

in the output of an instrument to a change in the value of the quantity

to be measured.

Reou!"o# is the smallest increment of quantity being measured

which can be detected with certainity by an instrument. Thus , the

resolution means the smallest measurable input change.

5' Comare mo"#4 %o" a#/ mo"#4 "ro# "#!rume#!'Ar"6Ma+ 27118

S'No' PMMC MI

1 niform !cale "on#uniform scale

$ It can be used only for dcmeasurement.

It can be used for both ac anddc measurement.

% &ost is high &ost is low.

' It is free from hysteresis error. !erious error occur due tohysteresis.

9'()a! are !)e /"..ere#! !+e o. !a#/ar/ o. Meaureme#!'

1. International standards.

$. (rimary standards.

%. !econdary standards.

'. )or*ing standards.

:' De."#e I#!rume#!'

Instrument is defined as a device for determining the value or

magnitude of a

quantity or variable.

;' L"! !)e !+e o. "#!rume#!'

The % types of instruments are



3/29

Mechanical Instruments

+lectrical Instruments and

+lectronic Instruments.

:' Ca".+ "#!rume#! *ae/ o# !)e"r .u#%!"o#' Indicating instruments

Integrating instruments

ecording instruments

.


4/29

the accuracy.

13' Name !)e /"..ere#! ee#!"a !or-ue "# "#/"%a!"#4

"#!rume#!'

Deflecting torque

&ontrolling torque

Damping torque

10' Name !)e !+e o. "#!rume#! ue/ .or mak"#4 o!me!er

a#/ amme!er.

(MM& type

Moving iron type

Dynamometer type

ot wire type

+lectrostatic type

Induction type.

15' S!a!e !)e a/a#!a4e o. PMMC "#!rume#!

niform scale.

"o hysterisis loss

/ery accurate

igh effuiciency.

19' S!a!e !)e /"a/a#!a4e o. PMMC "#!rume#!

&annot be used for ac m0s

!ome errors are caused by temperature variations.

1:' S!a!e !)e a"%a!"o# o. PMMC "#!rume#!

m0s of dc voltage and current

used in dc galvanometer.

1;' >ow !)e ra#4e o. "#!rume#! %a# *e e=!e#/e/ "# PMMC

"#!rume#!'

In ammeter by connecting a shunt resister

In voltmeter by connecting a series resister.

1


5/29

&an be used for both dc and ac m0s.

ree from hysterisis and eddy current errors.

27' S!a!e !)e a/a#!a4e o. Mo"#4 "ro# !+e "#!rume#!

2ess expensive

&an be used for both dc and ac

easonably accurate.

21' S!a!e !)e a/a#!a4e o. ()ea!!o#e *r"/4e me!)o/'

ree from errors

The balance is quit independent of source emf

22' S!a!e !)e a/a#!a4e o. ?e"# /ou*e *r"/4e me!)o/'

+rrors owing to contact resistance, resistance of leads can be

eliminated by using

this 3elvin double bridge.

23' S!a!e !)e *aa#%e e-ua!"o# ue/ "# a% *r"/4e'

The product of opposite branch impedances are equal.

20' Name !)e *r"/4e %"r%u"! ue/ .or !)e m6 o. e.

"#/u%!a#%e'

Maxwell4s bridge

Maxwell#)ein 5ridge

-nderson bridge

ay4s bridge.

25' Name !)e *r"/4e %"r%u"! ue/ .or !)e m6 o. %aa%"!a#%e'

De !auty4s bridge

!chering 5ridge

)ein bridge

29' Name !)e *r"/4e %"r%u"! ue/ .or !)e m6 o. mu!ua

"#/u%!a#%e'

The eaviside &ampbell bridge

The &ampbell bridge.

2:' Name !)e our%e o. error "# a% *r"/4e m6'



6/29

+rrors due to stray magnetic fields

2ea*age errors

+ddy current errors

esidual errors

requency and waveform errors.

2;' L"! !)e /"..ere#! !+e o. error "# meaureme#! +!em'

1. 6ross error

$. !ystematic error

%. +nvironmental error

'. 7bservation error

8. andom error

9. 2imiting error

2


7/29

8. )hat are the functional elements of generali?ed instrumentation

systems= :19;

9.i; +xplain types of error in measurement and instrumentation

systems.:-pril0May$>11;

ii; +xplain units and standards of measurement.:;

>>. )hich ac bridge is used to measure frequency and explain the

measurement

procedure= 2ist the applications for the ac bridge. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay

$>>>@;

1$. )hat is the need for standards of measurements= ow they are

classified= +xplain :-pril0May $>11;

1%. ow the un*nown frequency is measured using )ein bridge

method:-pril0May$>11;

U#"! II $a"% Ee%!ro#"% Meaureme#!

1' ()a! are !)e maor ar! o. CRO,



8/29

1. &T$. /eritcal amplifier%. Delay line'. ori?ontal amplifier8. Time base generator

9. Trigger circuit@. (ower supply

2' ()a! are !)e ma"# ar! o. CRT, A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 2770

277


9/29

'. 5y controlling the si?e of the steps of the staircase generator,

the number of samples and hence the resolution can be

controlled.

8. The sampling technique allows the design of the oscilloscope

with wide bandwidth, high sensitivity even for low duty cycle

pulses.

D"a/a#!a4eB

This oscilloscope cannot be used to display the transient

waveforms.

:'()a! are !)e ue o. a#ao4 !ora4e o%"o%oe,

-nalog storage oscilloscope uses the phenomenon of secondary

electron emission to build up and store electrostatic charges on the

surface of an insulated target. !uch oscilloscopes are widely used i; for

real#time#observation of events that occur only once and ii; for

displaying the waveform of a very low frequency :/2; signal.


10/29

@. - number of traces depending on the memory si?e can be

stored and recalled.

17' ()a! are !)e a"%a!"o# o. DSO,

1. It can be used to measure -& as well as D& voltages and

currents, requency , timeperiod, time interval between two

signals and also to measure inductance and capacitance.

$. It is used to give the visual representation for a target of radar

such as aeroplane, strip etc.

%. In medical fields, it is used to display cardiograms that are

useful for diagnosis of heart disease in patients.

'. It is used to observe the radiation pattern generated by the

transmitting antenna.

8. It can be used to chec* the faulty components in various

circuits.

9. It can also be used to analy?e T/ waveforms.

11' ()a! " a# ee%!ro#"% mu!"me!er,

The solid state electronic multimeter of /7M :/oltage#ohm meter; is

one of the most versatile general purpose shop instruments capable

of measuring d.c voltage and current, a.c voltage and current and

resistance.

12' ()a! " a Qme!er, A'U' 6 ECE @De%' 277


11/29

13.()a! are !)e ar"ou our%e o. error "# Qme!er, A'U' 6

ECE @Ma+ 27178

1. +rror due to distributed capacitance.

$. +rror due to residual inductance.

%. +rror due to shunt resistor.

'. +rror due to conductance of E#voltmeter.

10' L"! !)e a"%a!"o# o. Qme!er' A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 27798

1. To measure the E of a coil.

$. To measure the inductance and capacitance.

%. To measure the distributed capacitance of a coil.

'. To measure the E and power factor of a dielectric material.

8. To measure the mutual inductance of coupled circuits.

9. To measure the coefficient of coupling.

@. To measure the critical coupling.

15' ()a! " a e%!or me!er,

/ector meter is also used to measure the impedance and

voltage.

19' Me#!"o# !)e !+e o. e%!or me!er'

1. /ector impedance meter.

$. /ector voltmeter.

1:' ()a! " a e%!or "me/a#%e me!er,()a! are "! !wo mo/e

o. oera!"o#,

A'U' 6 ECE @

De%' 277:8

The meter used for complex impedance measurements at high

frequencies is called vector impedance meter.&onstant current mode

and &onstant voltage mode.

1;' ()a! are !)e a"%a!"o# o. e%!or "me/a#%e me!er,

A'U' 6 ECE @De%' 277:8



12/29

1. It is used to measure the impedances over wide frequencies

range, from

'>> 3?. To 11> M?.

$. To obtain sweep frequency plots.

%. To measure the magnitude and the phase angle of the

impedance

simultaneously.

'. sing the oscilloscope, displaying the 2issaGous pattern, the

reactance can be

calculated by the use of this meter.

1


13/29

5loc* dia A efer boo*.

23' ()a! " !)e *a"% r"#%"e o. !rue rm o!me!er,

True rms voltmeter is mainly used for measurement of complex

-& inputs. This instrument produces a meter indication by sensing

waveform heating power, which is proportional to the square of the

rms value of the input voltage. This heating power can be measurd by

amplifying and feeding it to a thermocouple, whose output voltages is

then directly proportional to the rms input voltage.

20' Draw !)e "#!er#a !ru%!ure o. CRT a#/ "! "! .u#%!"o#'

Ar"6Ma+27118

efer Textboo*

25' ()a! are !)e !wo "4#"."%a#! ro*em w"!) /"o/e w)e#

ue/ .or RF re%!"."%a!"o#, Ar"6Ma+27118

Most diodes have

i; +xcessive capacitance for high frequency rectification.

ii; ave excessive reverse recovery time.

PART @ $

1. +xplain the various bloc*s of a sampling oscilloscope. 2ist its

advantages and

applications. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>9, $>1>,$>11;

$. Discuss in detail about the various bloc*s of a general purpose &7.

:-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>B;

%. )ith a neat s*etch, explain the wor*ing principles of D!7. :-.. 0

+&+ ADec. $>>>B;

8. )hat are the types of sweeps in oscilloscope= +xplain the operation

of different types of special oscilloscopes. :-.. 0 +&+ ADec. $>>%;

9. +xplain in detail about analog storage oscilloscope.



14/29

@. +xplain in detail about delayed time base oscilloscope

>9;

B. +xplain briefly the methods of measuring power at high frequencies.

:-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>9;

1>. +xplain the various parts of electronic multimeter. :-.. 0 +&+ A

May $>>B;

11. Discuss the measurements of D& and -& voltages and currents

using an +lectronic Multimeter.:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;

1$. +xplain the wor*ing of a vector voltmeter with necessary bloc*

diagram. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>1>;

1%. )hat is vector impedance meter= !tate its applications with a

neat diagram. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>@;

1'. Draw and explain the bloc* diagram of true rms voltmeter.:-.. 0

+&+ AMay $>>B,$>11;

18. +xplain the measurement of quality factor of a coil. :-..0 +&+#

May $>11;

U#"! III S"4#a Ge#era!or a#/ A#a+er

PART @ A1. ()a! are !)e ar"ou re-u"reme#! o. a "4#a 4e#era!or,

A'U' 6 ECE @De%'27798

1. The output frequency of signal generator should be very stable.

$. The amplitude of the output should be controllable from very

small to relatively large values.

%. The output signal should be free from distortion.

'. The amplitude of output signal must be stable.

2' ()a! are !)e a"%a!"o# o. "4#a 4e#era!or, A'U' 6 ECE @

De%' 27178



15/29

1. To provide appropriate signal for calibration, testing and trouble

shooting of the amplifier circuits used in communications,

electronics such as radio and television amplifiers.

$. To be employed as power source for the measurement of gain,

bandwidth, signal to noise ratio and standing wave ratio and

other properties of circuits.

%. To measure the characteristics of antennas and transmission

lines.

%.Me#!"o# a#+ .our "4#a 4e#era!"#4 "#!rume#!' A'U' 6 ECE @

Ma+ 27798

1. 2ow frequency sine wave generators.

$. adio frequency sine wave generators.

%. unction generators.

'. (ulse generators.

8. !weep frequency generators.

0' ()a! " a .u#%!"o# 4e#era!or, A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 277;8

- function generator is a versatile instrument. It delivers different

waveforms whose frequencies are adGustable over a wide range.

The most required common output waveforms are the sine,

triangular, square and sawtooth waves. The frequencies of these

waveforms may be adGusted from a fraction of a hert? to several

hundred *ilohert?.

5' (r"!e a#+ .our .ea!ure o. .u#%!"o# 4e#era!or' A'U' 6 ECE @

Ma+ 277;8

1. The frequency range is >.>1 ? to 1>> 3?.

$. &an produce various waveforms such as sinewave, sawtooth

wave, triangular wave, square wave etc.

%. The accuracy is within H1 in low frequency range.

'. The distortion is less than 1 for the sine wave.



16/29

8. &an be phase loc*ed to another external signal source.

9. - continuous adGustable d.c. offset is available between #8 /

to J8 /.

9' ()a! are !)e *a"% eeme#! o. .u#%!"o# 4e#era!or, A'U' 6

ECE @Ma+ 277;8

1. requency control networ*.

$. pper and lower constant current source.

%. Integrator.

'. /oltage comparator multivibrator.

8. esistance diode shaping circuit.

9. 7utput amplifier.

:' De."#e /u!+ %+%e .or a ue aue' A'U' 6 ECE @De%' 277;8

The duty cycle is defined as the ratio of average value of the

pulse over one cycle to the pea* value. It is also defined as ratio of the

pulse width to the period of one cycle.

Duty cycle K (ulse width 0 (ulse period.

;' ()a! are !)e a"%a!"o# o. .u#%!"o# 4e#era!or,

1. To test the bandwidth of the audio frequency amplifier. This

method is commonly *nown as square wave testing.

$. To be used as an important instrument in the trouble shooting of

different analog and digital circuits and instruments.

%. To act as a source for the alignment of receiver.


17/29

$.

%.

'.

requency stability

Method of

frequency control

(hase loo*ing

capability

2imited

5y frequency

range control and

vernier dial setting

:5y varying

capacitor in 2& or

& circuit;.

"o

triangular etc.

igh

5y varying the

magnitude of

the current

which drives the

integrator.

es

17' ()a! " a wae a#a+er, A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 277


18/29

amount of distortion due to a particular harmonic, as a percentage of

the fundamental component is given by

"th harmonic distortion K 1001

XV

VN

)here /"K M! voltage of the " thharmonic

/1K M! voltage of the fundamental component

13' De."#e T>D' A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 277;8

ather than specifying the amount of distortion at a particular

harmonic, a more generali?ed measure, called percentage total

harmonic distortion ta*es into account all harmonic components above

the fundamental. In terms of the percent distortion at each harmonic,

percent total harmonic distortion is determined from

22

4

2

3

2

2 ..... nDDDDD ++++=

10' ()a! are !)e a"%a!"o# o. e%!rum a#a+er,A'U' 6 ECE

@Ma+ 277;8

1. adars

$. 7ceanography

%. 5io#medical fields

It is also used for

1. 7bserving purity of a signal

$. -naly?ing modulated signals.

%. !tudying harmonic components of a signal

'. inding the intermodulation content.

15' ()a! " $ark)aue# %r"!er"o# .or u!a"#e/ o%"a!"o#,A'U'

6 ECEMa+ 27118

i; 2oop phase shift is ?ero ii; The product of voltage gain of amplifier and feedbac* factor

must be equal to

:or; greater than one.



19/29

19' Draw !)e *o%k /"a4ram o. e%!rum a#a+er'A'U' 6

ECEMa+ 27118

efer Textboo*

PART $

1. Discuss in detail about the wor*ing of signal generator= :-.. 0

+&+ AMay $>1>;

$. Describe the wor*ing of function generator with the help of a

bloc* diagram. :-.. 0 +&+ ADec.$>1>, May $>>>9, May

$>>11;

'. Discuss the principle of pulse and square wave generators and

also the pulse characteristics required to analy?e the quality of

the pulse. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>>>B;

9. )hat are the applications of spectrum analy?er= :-.. 0 +&+ AMay

$>>>, Dec.$>>B;

B. +xplain the wor*ing of a superheterodyne type spectrum

analy?er . :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>1>;



20/29

1>. +xplain the wor*ing of frequency selective wave analy?er

with applications. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>1>;

11. Describe the functioning of a total harmonic distortion

meter with a diagram. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>B;

1$. +xplain in detail about digital spectrum analy?er.

1%. Draw and explain the digital 2& meter.

1'. +xplain how function generator generates sine wave,

triangular wave and square wave.:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;

18. )hat is wave analy?er= ow it analy?es the harmonics=

+xplain.:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;

19. +xplain the vector networ* analy?er and list its application.

:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;

U#"! I D"4"!a I#!rume#!

PART @A1' ()a! are !)e a/a#!a4e o. /"4"!a "#!rume#! oer

a#ao4 "#!rume#!' A'U' 6 ECE @De%'2717Ma+ 27118

1. igh accuracy

$. igh precision

%. 5etter resolution

'. "o parallax error

2' ()a! are !)e a/a#!a4e o. /"4"!a o!me!er, A'U' 6 ECE

@Ma+ 27178

1. ighly accurate reading can be ta*en

$. 5etter resolution

%. (ortable due to small si?e

'. "o parallax error

8. They can be used for the measurement of quantities li*e

current, impedance, capacitance, temperature, pressure

etc.



21/29

3' ()a! " k#ow# a 3162a#/ 0162/"4"! /"a+, A'U' 6 ECE @

Ma+ 277 or 1 whereas full digits

display the numbers from > to B.

0' L"! ou! !)e 4e#era %)ara%!er"!"% o. DM, A'U' 6 ECE @

Ma+ 27798

1. Input range

$. -bsolute accuracy

%. esolution

'. !tability

8. Input resistance

9. Input capacitance

@. &alibration

5' De."#e reou!"o# o. DM ' A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 277;8

esolution of digital voltmeter is given by Kn

10

1

)here K resolution of D/M nK number of full digits in a digital display.

9' De."#e e#"!""!+ o. DM' A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 277


22/29

$. eterodyne converter

%. Transfer oscillator

'. -utomatic divider

;' ()a! "!)e r"#%"e "#oe/ "# !"me "#!era

meaureme#!, A'U' 6 ECE @ De%' 27178

In this time interval measurement, the electronic counter used to

get the output ta*es the function of an electronic stop watch there by

measuring the time interval.


23/29

$. Touch hold

%. (ea* hold

'. 5ar graph display

8. Digital interface.

10' ()a! are !)e a/a#!a4e o. /"4"!a mu!"me!er,

1. ighly accurate and the accuracy is around H >.>%.

$. 2oading effect is nil because of high input impedance.

%. Measurement speed is more.

'. - single instrument can be used to measure various ranges

a.c. and d.c. voltages, a.c. and d.c. current and resistances.

8. +asily portable.

15' De."#e "r!ua I#!rume#!a!"o#'

/irtual instrumentation is an interdisciplinary field that merges

sensing, hardware and software technologies in order to create

flexible and sophisticated instruments for control and monitoring

applications.

19' ()a! are !)e .u#%!"o#a *o%k o. "r!ua "#!rume#!a!"o#,

- virtual instrument is composed of the following bloc*s.

1. !ensor Module.

$. !ensor Interface.

%. Medical Information !ystems Interface.

'. (rocessing Module.

8. Database Interface and

9. ser Interface.

1:' Me#!"o# ome a"%a!"o# o. "r!ua "#!rume#!a!"o#'

/irtual instrumentation is used as

1. - control system for printing holograms on semiconductor

wafers.

$. - robotic camera system for operating rooms.



24/29

%. -n automated radio test system used by dialer charger.

'. - weapon detection system for security chec*points at

airports.

8. -n in flight testing and data collection system on 5lac* aw*

helicopters.

9. - radiation test system for cellular phones.

1;' ()a! are !)e /"..ere#! !+e o. D"4"!a o!me!er, A'U' 6

ECEMa+ 27118

1. -M( type D/M

$. Integrating type D/M

%. (otentiometeric type D/M

'. !uccessive -pproximation type D/M

PART @ $

1. Draw the schematic of DMM and explain its wor*ing. -lso bring

out its advantages over analog multimeters. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay

$>>@;

$. +xplain the testing of an audio amplifier and a radio receiver.

:-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>@;

%. )rite short notes on automation in voltmeter. :-.. 0 +&+ A Dec.

$>>9;

'. 5riefly discuss the methods used to increase the range of

frequency counter. :-.. 0 +&+ A Dec. $>>@;

8. )ith a neat diagram explain in detail about i; amp type D/M

and ii; !uccessive approximation D/M. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay

$>>@,May $>11;

9. +xplain the operation of digital frequency meter. :-.. 0 +&+ A

Dec. $>1>,May $>11;



25/29

@. +xplain the functioning of Integrating type D/M. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay

$>>B;

>B;

B. )hat is the use of period measurement= Draw the bloc*

schematic of a period measurement set up and explain. :-.. 0

+&+ AMay $>1>;

1>. Draw and explain the fully automatic digital instrument

system.

11. )hat is virtual instrument= 2ist the advantages of virtual

instrument over conventional instrument.:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;

1$. ow computer controlled measurement system is used for

testing radio receiver=:-.. 0 +&+ May $>11;

U#"! Da!a A%-u""!"o# S+!em a#/ F"*er O!"%Meaureme#!

PART @ A1' ()a! " /a!a a%-u""!"o# +!em,

Data acquisition system generally relates to the process of

collecting the input data in digital form as rapidly, accurately and

economically as necessary. - typical data acquisition system

consists of individual sensors with the necessary signal

conditioning, data conversion, data processing, multiplexing, data

handling and associated transmission, storage and display systems.

2' ()a! are !)e o*e%!"e o. /a!a a%-u""!"o# +!em,

1. It must acquire the necessary data, at correct speed and at

the correct time.



26/29

$. se of all data efficiently to inform the operator about the

state of the plant.

%. It must monitor the complete plant operation to maintain on#

line optimum and safe operations.

'. It must provide an effective human communication system

and be able to identify problem areas, there by minimi?ing

unit availability and maximi?ing unit through point at

minimum cost.

8. It must be able to collect, summarise and store data for

diagnosis of operation and record purpose.

9. It must be able to computeunit performance indices using on#

line, real time data.

@. It must be flexible and capable of being expanded for future

requirements.

.1

.

3' ()a! are !)e %a"."%a!"o# o. /a!a a%-u""!"o# +!em,

1. -nalog data acquisition system.

$. Digital data acquisition system.

4. L"! !)e ar"ou .u#%!"o#a oera!"o# o. a /"4"!a /a!a

a%-u""!"o# +!em' A'U' 6 ECE @ Ma+ 277


27/29

4. %i&"a' co"*$r($r.

5. A#)i'iary $+#ipm$"(s.

6. Di&i(a' r$cord$r.

6. Mention some applications of DAS.

1. A$rospac$ app'ica(io".

2. iom$dica' fi$'d

3. !$'$m$(ry i"d#s(ri$s

4. -"d#s(ri$s.

7. What are data loggers?

Da(a 'o&&$rs ar$ #s$d (o a#(oma(ica''y ma$ a r$cord of ($ r$adi"&s of i"s(r#m$"(s

'oca($d a( diff$r$"( par(s of ($ p'a"(. -( m$as#r$s a"d r$cords da(a $ffor('$ss'y as

+#ic'y , as of($" a"d as acc#ra($'y d$sir$d.

8. What is IEEE 488 !"s?

!$ -EEE488 #s is a'so ca''$d as &$"$ra' p#rpos$ i"($rfac$ #s P-. !$

$'$(( Pacard -"($rfac$ #s P- is a propri$(ary *$rsio" of ($ -EEE488 #s.

!$ mai" p#rpos$ for ($ -EEE488 #s is a#(oma(ic ($s( $+#ipm$"(, o( &$"$ra'i$d

a"d sp$cific.

#. What are the signal lines in IEEE 488 !"s?

1. -"($rfac$ c'$ar -C

2. A(($"(io" A!

3. %$r*ic$ r$+#$s( %:

4. $mo($ $"a'$ E

5. E"d or id$"(ify E;-

$%. Dra& the !loc' diagram of Digital Data Ac("isition S)stem?*A.+. E-EMa)

/%$$0

$f$r !$)( oo.

11. What is optical time domain reflectometer?

A" ;!D is a fi$r op(ic ($s($r carac($rii"& fi$rs a"d op(ica' "$(ors. !$

aim of (is i"s(r#m$"( is (o d$($c(, 'oca($ a"d m$as#r$ $*$"(s a( a"y 'oca(io" i" ($

fi$r 'i".

$/. Dra& the !loc' diagram of optical po&er meter.



28/29

$f$r ($)( oo.

$1. Write the merits of 23D method of meas"ring loss in optical fi!ers.

1. -( r$+#ir$s acc$ss (o o"$ $"d of ($ fi$r o"'y.

2. -( pro*id$s posi(io"a' i"forma(io" ao#( ($ prop$r(i$s of fi$r.

3. -( is $asy (o 'oca($ ($ fa#'(s.

$4. What are the 'e) feat"res of f"ll) a"tomatic digital instr"ments?*A.+. E-E

Ma)/%$$0

A#(oma(ic po'ari(y i"dica(io"

A#(oma(ic ra"&i"&.

A#(oma(ic $roi"&.

A#(oma(ic ($mp$ra(#r$ pro($c(io".$(c.

5A3

1. >B, May $>1>;

2.


29/29

B. +xplain optical time domain reflectometer with a neat diagram.:-..

0 +&+ A Dec. $>>11;

10. Disc#ss ao#( ($ sys($m 'oss a"d app'ica(io"s of fi$r op(ics i" m$as#r$m$"(s.

:-.. 0 +&+ A May $>1>;

11. )hat are the factors to be considered while interfacing

transducers to electronic control and measuring systems=:-.. 0

+&+#May $>11;

1$. )rite a detailed note on data loggers.:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;

Mrs D Padmapriya Assoc Prof /ECE29

mi 2 marks-modified

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